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Cobalt(III) Nitrate
Cobalt(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Co(NO3)3.W. Levason and C. A. McAuliffe (1974): "Higher oxidation state chemistry of iron, cobalt, and nickel". ''Coordination Chemistry Reviews'', volume 12, issue 2, pages 151-184. It is a green, diamagnetic solid that sublimes at ambient temperature. Structure The compound is a molecular coordination complex. The three bidentate nitrate ligands give a distorted octahedral arrangement. The nitrate ligands are planar. With D3 symmetry, the molecule is chiral. The Co-O bond lengths are about 190 pm long. The O-Co-O angles for the chelating oxygen atoms in the same nitrate anion is about 68 degrees. The same geometry seems to persist in carbon tetrachloride solution.R. J. Fereday, N. Logan and D. Sutton (1969): "Anhydrous cobalt(III) nitrate: preparation, spectra, and reactions with some organic ligands". ''Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical'', volume 1969, issue 0, pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygroscopic
Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption (chemistry), absorption or adsorption from the surrounding Natural environment, environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water molecules become suspended among the substance's molecules, adsorbing substances can become physically changed, e.g. changing in volume, boiling point, viscosity or some other physical characteristic or property of the substance. For example, a finely dispersed hygroscopic powder, such as a salt, may become clumpy over time due to collection of moisture from the surrounding environment. ''Deliquescent'' materials are sufficiently hygroscopic that they dissolve in the water they absorb, forming an aqueous solution. Hygroscopy is essential for many plant and animal species' attainment of hydration, nutrition, reproduction and/or seed dispersal. Biological evolution created hygroscopic solutions for water harvesting, filament tensile strength, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt(III) Fluoride
Cobalt(III) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula . Hydrates are also known. The anhydrous compound is a hygroscopic brown solid. It is used to synthesize organofluorine compounds. The related cobalt(III) chloride is also known but is extremely unstable.Arthur W. Chester, El-Ahmadi Heiba, Ralph M. Dessau, and William J. Koehl Jr. (1969): "The interaction of cobalt(III) with chloride ion in acetic acid". ''Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters'', volume 5, issue 4, pages 277-283. Cobalt(III) bromide and cobalt(III) iodide have not been synthesized. Structure Anhydrous Anhydrous cobalt trifluoride crystallizes in the rhombohedral group, specifically according to the aluminium trifluoride motif, with ''a'' = 527.9 pm, ''α'' = 56.97°. Each cobalt atom is bound to six fluorine atoms in octahedral geometry, with Co–F distances of 189 pm. Each fluoride is a doubly bridging ligand. Hydrates A hydrate is known. It is conjectured to be better described as . T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron(III) Oxalate
Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe () and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, being mainly deposited by meteorites in its metallic state. Extracting usable metal from iron ores requires kilns or furnaces capable of reaching , about 500 °C (900 °F) higher than that required to smelt copper. Humans started to master that process in Eurasia during the 2nd millennium BC and the use of iron tools and weapons began to displace copper alloys – in some regions, only around 1200 BC. That event is considered the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. In the modern world, iron alloys, such as steel, stainless steel, cast iron and special steels, are by far the most common industrial metals, due to their mechanical proper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron(III) Nitrate
Iron(III) nitrate, or ferric nitrate, is the name used for a series of inorganic compounds with the formula Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)n. Most common is the nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)9. The hydrates are all pale colored, water-soluble paramagnetic salts. Hydrates Iron(III) nitrate is deliquescent, and it is commonly found as the nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3· 9H2O, which forms colourless to pale violet crystals. This compound is the trinitrate salt of the aquo complex e(H2O)6sup>3+. Other hydrates ·''x'', include: * tetrahydrate (''x''=4), more precisely triaqua dinitratoiron(III) nitrate monohydrate, , has complex cations wherein Fe3+ is coordinated with two nitrate anions as bidentate ligands and three of the four water molecules, in a pentagonal bipyramid configuration with two water molecules at the poles.H. Schmidt, A. Asztalos, F. Bok and W. Voigt (2012): "New Iron(III) Nitrate Hydrates: with ''x'' = 4, 5 and 6". ''Acta Crystallographica Section C - Inorganic Compounds'', volume C68, pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt(III) Hydroxide
Cobalt(III) hydroxide or cobaltic hydroxide is a chemical compound with formula or . It is an ionic compound, with trivalent cobalt cations and hydroxyl anions . The compound is known in two structurally different forms, "brownish-black" and "green". The brownish-black form is a stable solid and can be prepared by reaction of water solutions of cobalt(II) chloride and sodium hydroxide, followed by oxidation with ozone.Pankratov, D.A., Veligzhanin, A.A., and Zubavichus, Y.V. (2013): "Structural Features of Green Cobalt(III) Hydroxide". ''Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry'', volume 58, issue 1, pages 67–73. The green form, formerly thought to be cobalt(II) peroxide, apparently requires carbon dioxide as a catalyst. It can be prepared by adding hydrogen peroxide to a solution of cobalt(II) chloride in 96% ethanol at –30 to –35°C, then adding a 15% solution of sodium carbonate in water with intense stirring. The resulting dark green powder is fairly stable at liqui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt(III) Chloride
Cobalt(III) chloride or cobaltic chloride is an unstable and elusive compound of cobalt and chlorine with formula . In this compound, the cobalt atoms have a formal charge of +3.Arthur W. Chester, El-Ahmadi Heiba, Ralph M. Dessau, and William J. Koehl Jr. (1969): "The interaction of cobalt(III) with chloride ion in acetic acid". ''Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters'', volume 5, issue 4, pages 277-283. The compound has been reported to exist in the gas phase at high temperatures, in equilibrium with cobalt(II) chloride and chlorine gas.W. D. Halstead (1975): "A review of saturated vapour pressures and allied data for the principal corrosion products of iron, chromium, nickel and cobalt in flue gases". ''Corrosion Science'', volume 15, issues 6–12, pages 603-625. It has also been found to be stable at very low temperatures, dispersed in a frozen argon matrix.David W. Green, Dana P. McDermott, and Adelle Bergman (1983): "Infrared spectra of the matrix-isolated chlorides of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt(III) Fluoride
Cobalt(III) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula . Hydrates are also known. The anhydrous compound is a hygroscopic brown solid. It is used to synthesize organofluorine compounds. The related cobalt(III) chloride is also known but is extremely unstable.Arthur W. Chester, El-Ahmadi Heiba, Ralph M. Dessau, and William J. Koehl Jr. (1969): "The interaction of cobalt(III) with chloride ion in acetic acid". ''Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters'', volume 5, issue 4, pages 277-283. Cobalt(III) bromide and cobalt(III) iodide have not been synthesized. Structure Anhydrous Anhydrous cobalt trifluoride crystallizes in the rhombohedral group, specifically according to the aluminium trifluoride motif, with ''a'' = 527.9 pm, ''α'' = 56.97°. Each cobalt atom is bound to six fluorine atoms in octahedral geometry, with Co–F distances of 189 pm. Each fluoride is a doubly bridging ligand. Hydrates A hydrate is known. It is conjectured to be better described as . T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon
Carbon () is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalence, tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three Isotopes of carbon, isotopes occur naturally, carbon-12, C and carbon-13, C being stable, while carbon-14, C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of 5,700 years. Carbon is one of the timeline of chemical element discoveries#Pre-modern and early modern discoveries, few elements known since antiquity. Carbon is the 15th abundance of elements in Earth's crust, most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the abundance of the chemical elements, fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual abi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphite
Graphite () is a Crystallinity, crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked Layered materials, layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost, thermal and chemical inertness and characteristic conductivity of heat and electricity finds numerous applications in high energy and high temperature processes. Types and varieties Graphite can occur naturally or be produced synthetically. Natural graphite is obtained from naturally occurring geologic deposits and synthetic graphite is produced t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group (periodic table), group in the periodic table, a highly reactivity (chemistry), reactive nonmetal (chemistry), nonmetal, and a potent oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other chemical compound, compounds. Oxygen is abundance of elements in Earth's crust, the most abundant element in Earth's crust, making up almost half of the Earth's crust in the form of various oxides such as water, carbon dioxide, iron oxides and silicates.Atkins, P.; Jones, L.; Laverman, L. (2016).''Chemical Principles'', 7th edition. Freeman. It is abundance of chemical elements, the third-most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two oxygen atoms will chemical bond, bind covalent bond, covalently to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the chemical formula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinitrogen Pentoxide
Dinitrogen pentoxide (also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula . It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that contain only nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorless gas.Connell, Peter Steele. (1979) The Photochemistry of Dinitrogen Pentoxide'. Ph. D. thesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Dinitrogen pentoxide is an unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer that once was used as a reagent when dissolved in chloroform for nitrations but has largely been superseded by nitronium tetrafluoroborate (). is a rare example of a compound that adopts two structures depending on the conditions. The solid is a salt, nitronium nitrate, consisting of separate nitronium cations and nitrate anions ; but in the gas phase and under some other conditions it is a covalently-bound molecule. History was first reported by the Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic Compound
An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bondsthat is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as ''inorganic chemistry''. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep Mantle (geology), mantle remain active areas of investigation. All allotropes (structurally different pure forms of an element) and some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, graphene, etc.), carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , carbides, and salt (chemistry), salts of inorganic anions such as carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, thiocyanates, isothiocyanates, etc. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it cannot occur within life, living things. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
