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Cliff Figallo
Cliff Figallo (January 12, 1949 – September 11, 2022) was an American planner, designer and manager of social media platforms. He was a member of The Farm, an intentional community founded in 1971, and helped create The WELL, one of the earliest online communities in America, the Table Talk online discussion forum for Salon.com and the Electronic Frontier Foundation. He wrote two books and a number of articles on managing online communities and maximizing free speech online. "The Figallo effect" was used by Jonathan Bishop of Swansea University to describe organic growth in an online community due to trust among non-anonymous members. Career Cliff Figallo lived on The Farm for 12 years. He described community leader Stephen Gaskin's vision as an experiment in "extending the visions of the psychedelic world into the straight everyday world," and said members were encouraged to challenge each other and to "get into" each other's "thing" in order to form a "transcendent" collect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulletin Board System
A bulletin board system (BBS), also called a computer bulletin board service (CBBS), is a computer server running list of BBS software, software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, the user performs functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users through public Internet forum, message boards and sometimes via direct synchronous conferencing, chatting. In the early 1980s, message networks such as FidoNet were developed to provide services such as M+NetMail, NetMail, which is similar to internet-based email. Many BBSes also offered BBS door, online games in which users could compete with each other. BBSes with multiple phone lines often provided chat rooms, allowing users to interact with each other. Bulletin board systems were in many ways a precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, social networking service, social networks, and other aspe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 Deaths
This is a list of lists of deaths of notable people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked below. 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 Earlier years ''Deaths in years earlier than this can usually be found in the main articles of the years.'' See also * Lists of deaths by day * Deaths by year (category) {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1949 Births
Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis Muñoz Marín becomes the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico. * January 11 – The first "networked" television broadcasts take place, as KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, goes on the air, connecting east coast and mid-west programming in the United States. * January 16 – Şemsettin Günaltay forms the new government of Turkey. It is the 18th government, last One-party state, single party government of the Republican People's Party. * January 17 – The first Volkswagen Beetle, VW Type 1 to arrive in the United States, a 1948 model, is brought to New York City, New York by Dutch businessman Ben Pon Sr., Ben Pon. Unable to interest dealers or importers in the Volkswagen, Pon sells the sample car to pay his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stewart Brand
Stewart Brand (born December 14, 1938) is an American project developer and writer, best known as the co-founder and editor of the ''Whole Earth Catalog''. He has founded a number of organizations, including the WELL, the Global Business Network, and the Long Now Foundation. He is the author of several books, most recently '' Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto''. Life Brand was born in Rockford, Illinois, and attended Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire. He studied biology at Stanford University under Paul R. Ehrlich, graduating in 1960. As a soldier in the U.S. Army, he was a parachutist and taught infantry skills; he later expressed the view that his experience in the military had fostered his competence in organizing. A civilian again in 1962, he studied design at San Francisco Art Institute, photography at San Francisco State College, and participated in a legitimate scientific study of then-legal LSD with Myron Stolaroff's International Foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sysop
A sysop (, an abbreviation of system operator) is an administrator of a multi-user computer system, such as a bulletin board system (BBS) or an online service virtual community.Jansen, E. & James, V. (2002). NetLingo: the Internet dictionary. Netlingo Inc., Oxnard, CA The phrase may also be used to refer to administrators of other Internet-based network services.Rhodes, D. & Butler, D. (2002). Solaris Operating Environment Boot Camp. Prentice Hall Professional. Sysops typically do not earn money, but donate their activity to the community. Co-sysops are users who may be granted certain admin privileges on a BBS. Generally, they help validate users and monitor discussion forums. Some co-sysops serve as file clerks, reviewing, describing, and publishing newly uploaded files into appropriate download directories.Gupta, A. (2004). Hacking In The Computer World. Mittal Publications. Historically, the term ''system operator'' applied to operators of any computer system, especially a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katie Hafner
Katie Hafner (born December 5, 1957) is an American journalist and author. She is a former staff member of ''The New York Times'', and has written articles and books on subjects including technology and history. She co-produces and hosts the podcast series ''Lost Women of Science''. Her first novel, ''The Boys'', was published in 2022. Early life and education Hafner was born in Rochester, New York, and raised in Amherst, Massachusetts. She earned a bachelor's degree in German literature from the University of California at San Diego in 1979 and a master's degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 1981. Career Beginning in 1983, Hafner worked as a reporter at ''Computerworld'' and then at '' The San Diego Union''. She became a staff editor at ''Business Week'' in 1986, leaving in 1989. From 1990 to 1994, she worked freelance, writing articles and books, before becoming technology correspondent at ''Newsweek''. In February 1998 she became a writer for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fred Turner (author)
Fred Turner (born April 4, 1961) is an American academic. He is the Harry and Norman Chandler Professor of Communication at Stanford University, having formerly served as department chair. Before joining Stanford as an associate professor, Turner taught Communication at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He earned a B.A. in English and American Literature from Brown University, an M.A. in English from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in Communication from the University of California, San Diego. In 2015, he was appointed as Harry and Norman Chandler Professor and Chair of the Department of Communication at Stanford. Before joining academia, Turner worked as a journalist for over ten years writing for ''The Boston Phoenix'' and '' Boston Sunday Globe'', among others. Bibliography *''The Democratic Surround: Multimedia and American Liberalism from World War II to the Psychedelic Sixties'' (2013) *''From Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Coate
John Coate (born January 17, 1951) is an American media executive and advocate for online communities. He was one of the original members of The Farm, an intentional community founded in 1971, and brought lessons learned from building that community to bear in his work online. He helped create The WELL, one of the earliest online communities in America, and is the author of "Cyberspace Innkeeping,” an essay on best practices for moderators. He later helped create and operate SFGate. Career Coate is described in journalist Gal Beckerman's book ''The Quiet Before'' as an early bridge between the countercultural movements of the 1960s and online activism. Coate joined The Farm as a teenager, after hearing Stephen Gaskin speak at the Straight Theater on Haight Street in San Francisco, living on a bus with as many as seven other people before the group bought property in Tennessee. Coate later became the original marketing director and conference manager of The WELL, one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whole Earth Catalog
The ''Whole Earth Catalog'' (WEC) was an American counterculture magazine and product catalog published by author Stewart Brand several times a year between 1968 and 1972, and occasionally thereafter, until 1998. The magazine featured essays and articles, but was primarily focused on product reviews. The editorial focus was on self-sufficiency, ecology, alternative education, " do it yourself" (DIY), and holism, and featured the slogan "access to tools". While WEC listed and reviewed a wide range of products (clothing, books, tools, machines, seeds, etc.), it did not sell any of the products directly. Instead, the vendor's contact information was listed alongside the item and its review. This is why, while not a regularly published periodical, numerous editions and updates were required to keep price and availability information up to date. In his 2005 Stanford University commencement speech, Steve Jobs compared ''The Whole Earth Catalog'' to "a sort of Google in paperba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Farm (Tennessee)
The Farm is an intentional community in Lewis County, Tennessee, near the community of Summertown, Tennessee, Summertown, Tennessee, based on principles of nonviolence, respect for the Earth, and veganism. It was founded in 1971 by Stephen Gaskin and 300 spiritual seekers from Haight-Ashbury and San Francisco. The Farm served as the birthplace of the midwifery revival in the United States and played a central role in launching the contemporary home birth movement. Its members have founded a number of nonprofit organizations, including Plenty International, a relief and development organization, and Swan Conservation Trust, who established the Big Swan Headwaters Preserve. The Farm has approximately 200 members and residents. The Farm played a role in popularizing soyfoods, such as tofu, tempeh, and Soy milk, soymilk in America. The Farm experienced rapid early growth that strained its infrastructure and finances, leading to a major restructuring in 1983 known as “the Changeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jon Lebkowsky
Jon Lebkowsky (born April 20, 1949) is an American web consultant/developer, author, and activist who was the co-founder of FringeWare Review (along with Paco Nathan). FringeWare, an early attempt at ecommerce and online community An online community, also called an internet community or web community, is a community whose members engage in computer-mediated communication primarily via the Internet. Members of the community usually share common interests. For many, on ..., published a popular "magalog" called FringeWare Review, and a literary zine edited by Lebkowsky called Unshaved Truths. FringeWare's email list, called the FringeWare News Network, established an international following for the organization, which also opened a store in Austin, Texas. Along with Nancy White, he co-hosts the ongoing Virtual Communities Conference, the Blog Conference, and the public Inkwell Conference at the seminal online community, the WELL (virtual community), WELL. His weblog can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
