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Claudias
Claudias or Qlaudia (; ; ) was a fortress in the Taurus Mountains and, by extension, its district. Its precise location is now unknown. Claudias was an ancient fortress, possibly identical with the Claudiopolis (Cappadocia), Claudiopolis mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his ''Historia naturalis'' (AD 77). This lay somewhere between Melitene and Samosata. Claudias is mentioned by Ptolemy, Ammianus Marcellinus (as ''Laudias''), the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' and the ''Tabula Peutingeriana'' (as ''Glaudia''). It guarded the valley of the Euphrates below Melitene and towards Anzitene. It may be identified with Kerar Kalesi in Pütürge. Claudias changed hands several times during the early Arab–Byzantine wars. Most of northern Mesopotamia came under Arab rule in 637–642. The governor (''epitropos'') of Claudias in the late 7th century was a certain John, mentioned in the ''Life'' of Theodotus of Amida. The Emperor Constantine V captured Claudias from the Arabs and razed it in or about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodotus Of Amida
Theodotus of Amida (died 15 August 698) was a Syriac Orthodox monk, bishop and holy man. Theodotus was born in the village of Anat near the city of Amida in Roman Mesopotamia before the Arab conquest of 637–642. After developing an interest in asceticism and the Bible, he entered the monastery of Zuqnin. He came under the influence of Severus, whom he followed to the monastery of Qenneshre. On the death of the Patriarch Theodore in 666 or 667, he left Qenneshre on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Mount Sinai. He then spent five years in Egypt before returning to Amida. From there he moved to the region of Claudias. After five years, he was elected bishop of Amida and consecrated by the Patriarch Julian II around 690. He soon left Amida to reside in Qenneshre. He ultimately founded his own monastery near Qeleth. He died there on 15 August 698. Early in the eighth century, a certain Symeon (Shemʿūn), a priest and precentor from Samosata, wrote a biography of Theodotus in Syria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopaedia Of Islam
The ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (''EI'') is a reference work that facilitates the Islamic studies, academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill Publishers, Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Muslim world, Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007. Content According to Brill, the ''EI'' includes "articles on distinguished Muslims of every age and land, on tribes and dynasties, on the crafts and sciences, on political and religious institutions, on the geography, ethnography, flora and fauna of the various countries and on the history, topography and monuments of the major towns and cities. In its geographical and historical scope it encompasses the old Arabo-Islamic empire, the Islamic countries of Iran, Central Asia, the Indian sub-continent and Indonesia, the Ottoman Empire and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qlaudia (West Syriac Diocese)
Qlaudia (or Claudia) was a diocese in the Syriac Orthodox metropolitan province of Melitene (Malatya), attested between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. Sixteen Jacobite bishops of Qlaudia are mentioned either by Michael the Syrian or Bar Hebraeus. By 1283, as a result of several decades of warfare and brigandage, the diocese of Qlaudia was ruined. The diocese is not again mentioned, and seems to have lapsed around the end of the thirteenth century. Sources The main primary source for the Jacobite bishops of Qlaudia is the record of episcopal consecrations appended to Volume III of the ''Chronicle'' of the Jacobite patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99). In this Appendix Michael listed most of the bishops consecrated by the Jacobite patriarchs of Antioch between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Twenty-eight Jacobite patriarchs sat during this period, and in many cases Michael was able to list the names of the bishops consecrated during their reigns, their monasteries of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḥamd-Allāh Mostawfi
Hamdallah Mustawfi Qazvini (; 1281 – after 1339/40) was a Persian official, historian, geographer and poet. He lived during the last era of the Mongol Ilkhanate, and the interregnum that followed. A native of Qazvin, Mustawfi belonged to family of ''mustawfis'' (financial accountants), thus his name. He was a close associate of the prominent vizier and historian Rashid al-Din Hamadani, who inspired him to write historical and geographical works. Mustawfi is the author of three works; ''Tarikh-i guzida'' ("Excerpt History"), '' Zafarnamah'' ("Book of Victory") and ''Nuzhat al-Qulub'' ("Hearts' Bliss"). A highly influential figure, Mustawfi's way of conceptualizing the history and geography of Iran has been emulated by other historians since the 13th-century. He is buried in a dome-shaped mausoleum in his native Qazvin, Iran. Biography Mustawfi was born in 1281 in the town of Qazvin, located in Persian Iraq (''Irāq-i Ajam''), a region corresponding to the western part of Ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaqut Al-Hamawi
Yāqūt Shihāb al-Dīn ibn-ʿAbdullāh al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī (1179–1229) () was a Muslim scholar of Byzantine ancestry active during the late Abbasid period (12th–13th centuries). He is known for his , an influential work on geography containing valuable information pertaining to biography, history and literature as well as geography. Life ''Yāqūt'' (''ruby'' or '' hyacinth'') was the '' kunya'' of Ibn Abdullāh ("son of Abdullāh"). He was born in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, called in Arabic al-Rūm, whence his '' nisba'' "al-Rūmi". Captured in war and enslaved, Yāqūt became " mawali" to ‘Askar ibn Abī Naṣr al-Ḥamawī, a trader of Baghdad, Iraq, the seat of the Abbasid Caliphate, from whom he received the '' laqab'' "al-Hamawī". As ‘Askar's apprentice, he learned about accounting and commerce, becoming his envoy on trade missions and travelling twice or three times to Kish in the Persian Gulf. In 1194, ‘Askar stopped his salar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bar Hebraeus
Gregory Bar Hebraeus (, b. 1226 - d. 30 July 1286), known by his Syriac ancestral surname as Barebraya or Barebroyo, in Arabic sources by his kunya Abu'l-Faraj, and his Latinized name Abulpharagius in the Latin West, was a Maphrian (regional primate) of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1264 to 1286. He was a prominent writer, who created various works in the fields of Christian theology, philosophy, history, linguistics, and poetry. For his contributions to the development of Syriac literature, has been praised as one of the most learned and versatile writers among Syriac Orthodox Christians. In his numerous and elaborate treatises, he collected as much contemporary knowledge in theology, philosophy, science and history as was possible in 13th century Syria. Most of his works were written in Classical Syriac language. He also wrote some in Arabic, which was the common language in his day. Name It is not clear when Bar Hebraeus adopted the Christian name Gregory ( ''Grig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael The Syrian
Michael the Syrian (),(), died AD 1199, also known as Michael the Great () or Michael Syrus or Michael the Elder, to distinguish him from his nephew, was a patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1166 to 1199. He is best known today as the author of the largest medieval ''Chronicle'', which he wrote in the Syriac language. Some other works and fragments written by him have also survived. Life Early years The life of Michael is recorded by Bar Hebraeus. He was born ca. 1126 in Melitene (today Malatya), the son of the Priest Eliya (Elias), of the Qindasi family. His uncle, the monk Athanasius, became bishop of Anazarbus in Cilicia in 1136. At that period Melitene was part of the kingdom of the Turkoman Danishmend dynasty, and, when that realm was divided in two in 1142, it became the capital of one principality. In 1178 it became part of the Sultanate of Rûm. The Jacobite monastery of Mor Bar Sauma was close to the town, and had been the patriarchal seat since the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenians
Armenians (, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.Robert Hewsen, Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century''. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 1–17 Armenians constitute the main demographic group in Armenia and constituted the main population of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh until their Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians, subsequent flight due to the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, 2023 Azerbaijani offensive. There is a large Armenian diaspora, diaspora of around five million people of Armenian ancestry living outside the Republic of Armenia. The largest Armenian populations exist in Armenians in Russia, Russia, the Armenian Americans, United States, Armenians in France, France, Armenians in Georgia, Georgia, Iranian Armenians, Iran, Armenians in Germany, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barsawmo (died C
Barsauma (also spelled Barsawma, Barsawmo, Bar Sawma, Bar Sauma or Barsoum) is an Aramaic or Syriac name meaning "Son of the Fast" or "Son of Lent." It may refer to: People *Barsauma (died 456), monk, abbot and supporter of Dioscorus of Alexandria, subject of the ''Life of Barsauma'' *Barsauma of Nisibis (d. 491), late fifth century metropolitan of Nisibis for the Church of the East * Bar Sawma of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (d. 1136), patriarch of the Church of the East in Baghdad *Rabban Bar Sauma (d. 1294), bishop of the Church of the East and traveler from China to Europe * Ignatius Afram I Barsoum (1887-1957), patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church * Michel Barsoum, American scientist and engineer Places * Monastery of Mor Bar Sauma, a monastery near Malatya * Church of Mor Barsawmo, a church in Midyat Midyat (, , , ) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,241 km2, and its population is 120,069 (2022). In the modern era, the town is popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danishmendids
The Danishmendids or Danishmends () were a Turkish dynasty. These terms also refer to the Turkish state in Anatolia. It existed from 1071/1075 to 1178 and is also known as the Danishmendid Beylik (). The dynasty was centered originally around Sivas, Tokat, and Niksar in central-northeastern Anatolia, and extended as far west as Ankara and Kastamonu for a time, and as far south as Malatya, which they captured in 1103. In the early 12th century, the Danishmends were rivals of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which controlled much of the territory surrounding the Danishmend lands, and they fought extensively against the Crusaders. The dynasty was established by Danishmend Gazi for whom historical information is rather scarce and was generally written long after his death. His title or name, ''Dānishmand'' () means "wise man" or "one who searches for knowledge" in Persian. Origins The Turkoman Chepni Danishmendid dynasty was founded by Danishmend Gazi. Sources about Danishmend G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Velitatione Bellica
''De velitatione bellica'' is the conventional Latin title for the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Byzantine military manuals, military treatise on skirmishing and guerrilla warfare, guerrilla-type border warfare, composed circa 970. Its original Greek language, Greek title is ' (''Peri Paradromēs'', "On Skirmishing"). The original author is unknown but likely to have been a high-ranking army officer close to the Phokas (Byzantine family), Phokas family. The work describes tactics used previously against Muslim opponents but the author notes that due to recent Byzantine successes they might "not find application in the eastern regions at the present time" but might be useful for future campaigns. The author is critical of the bureaucracy of the Constantinople-based government. Historical context In the mid-7th century, the Byzantine Empire had lost most of its lands in the East to the Arab conquests. Following the repulsion of two Arab sieges of Constantinople, the imperial capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
