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Citroën Jumpy
The Citroën Jumpy (badged Citroën Dispatch in some countries) is a Light commercial vehicle, light commercial van jointly developed by FCA Italy and PSA Group (currently Stellantis), and previously manufactured by Sevel, a joint venture between the two companies formed in 1994. The Jumpy is also sold as the Peugeot Expert, Fiat Scudo, Opel Vivaro, and Toyota ProAce. All three models were facelifted in March 2004 before being replaced by new, second-generation models in 2007. The redesigned models again shared the same design and engineering, with subtle trim changes between each brand. The second generation received a small facelift in February 2012 and from July 2013, Toyota began sales of a rebadged version called the Toyota Proace. In December 2015, Citroën, Peugeot and Toyota unveiled their new generation of these vehicles in people carrying-specifications called the Citroën SpaceTourer and Peugeot Traveller, with Toyota retaining the Proace name. The commercial versio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Sevel Nord
Sevel Società per Azioni, S.p.A. (acronym of "Società Europea Veicoli Leggeri" – "Société Européenne de Véhicules Légers" (''European Light Vehicle Company'')) is an Italian automotive company which produces light commercial vehicles. It was first established in 1978 by Fiat S.p.A. and PSA Group. Formerly, Alfa Romeo, Lancia and Talbot (automobile), Talbot were also part of the joint venture. Sevel Sud in Italy began manufacturing in 1981. Sevel Nord in France started in 1993. Fiat sold its share of Sevel Nord to PSA in 2012 and re-entered it through the merger of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, FCA and PSA into Stellantis in 2021. A joint venture extension for Sevel Sud was agreed upon by both automakers in February 2019, preceding the merger of both companies into Stellantis. Sevel Nord "Sevel Nord" (from "Société Européenne de Véhicules Légers") is a car factory in Lieu-Saint-Amand, near Valenciennes, Denain and Cambrai, France, with manufacturing commencing in 1993 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Auto Express
''Auto Express'' is a weekly motoring magazine sold in the United Kingdom published by Carwow Group. The editor is Paul Barker. History and profile Launched in September 1988, its 1,000th issue was published on 20 February 2008. Its only weekly competitor in Britain is '' Autocar''. ''Auto Express'' is the biggest selling motoring magazine in Britain, with a circulation of 31,166. The Auto Express website receives between 3 and 4 million visits per month. ''Auto Express'' is known for its in-depth reviews, road tests and group tests of the latest new cars, as well as for its news coverage on the cars and consumer motoring issues. There is also a wide variety of other content in the print magazine and on the website from long term tests and product tests to used car buying guides, opinion columns and features. Auto Express is also known for its spy shots and speculative illustrations of forthcoming cars. It has sister magazines in France: ''Auto Plus'', and Germany: ''Aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Citroën
Citroën ()The double-dot diacritic over the 'e' is a diaeresis () indicating the two vowels are sounded separately, and not as a diphthong. is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded on 4 June 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën has been owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired 89.95% share in 1976. Citroën's head office is located in the Stellantis Poissy Plant in Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine since 2021 (previously in Rueil-Malmaison) and its offices studies and research in Vélizy-Villacoublay, Poissy (CEMR), Carrières-sous-Poissy and Sochaux-Montbéliard. In 1934, the firm established its reputation for innovative technology with the Citroën Traction Avant, Traction Avant. This was the world's first car to be mass-produced with front-wheel drive and four-wheel independent suspension, as well as unibody construction, omitting a separate chassis, and instead using the body of the car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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JTD Engine
Multijet is a Fiat and General Motors joint venture, established in 1996, in manufacturing diesel engines with turbo and common rail direct injection technology. Most of the Fiat S.p.A., Fiat Professional, Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroën), Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Lancia, Chrysler, Chevrolet, Daewoo Motors, Cadillac, Karsan, Temsa, Iveco, Jeep, Opel, Vauxhall Motors, RAM Trucks, Mitsubishi Fuso, Maruti Suzuki, Suzuki, Tata Motors and Saab Automobile branded vehicles are equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with General Motors as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. The GM Powertrain Torino group in Turin, Italy, manages its interest in these engines. Some PSA Peugeot Citroën diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa. Fiat's common-rail diesel engine is also known as JTD, an initialism of UniJet Turbo Diesel.autobild.deJTD - Lexikon - autobild.de accessdate: 19. June 2019 Cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Turbo-diesel
The term turbo-diesel, also written as turbodiesel and turbo diesel, refers to any diesel engine equipped with a turbocharger. As with other engine types, turbocharging a diesel engine can significantly increase its efficiency and power output, especially when used in combination with an intercooler. Turbocharging of diesel engines began in the 1920s with large marine and stationary engines. Trucks became available with turbo-diesel engines in the mid-1950s, followed by passenger cars in the late 1970s. Since the 1990s, the compression ratio of turbo-diesel engines has been dropping. Principle Diesel engines are typically well suited to turbocharging due to two factors: * A "lean" air–fuel ratio, caused when the turbocharger supplies excess air into the engine, is not a problem for diesel engines, because the torque control is dependent on the mass of fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber (i.e. air-fuel ratio), rather than the quantity of the air-fuel mixture. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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PSA XUD Engine
The PSA XUD is a diesel engine designed and built by PSA — Peugeot and Citroën. It is an Indirect injection (IDI) engine, that uses a version of the Ricardo Consulting Engineers ''Ricardo Comet V'' prechamber cylinder head design. The engine comes in , , and 2.1-liter displacements. The 2.1 has 12 valves, all displacements were built either naturally aspirated or turbocharged. The XUD was the predecessor to the HDI range of engines. Early HDi Engines were a PSA design, later 16-valve engines were jointly developed with Ford. Design The XUD was available with either SOHC 8-valve or 12-valve heads. It was mainly applied transversally in front wheel drive vehicles, tilted by 30°. However, some applications in non-PSA vehicles had the engine installed longitudinally, with rear-wheel drive. The XUD is built in Citroën's plant in Trémery, near Metz. Displacement ranges between , and all XU diesel engines have a stroke of either . The former was shared with the XU9. Bore si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Diesel Engine
The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which Combustion, ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to Mechanics, mechanical Compression (physics), compression; thus, the diesel engine is called a compression-ignition engine (CI engine). This contrasts with engines using spark plug-ignition of the air-fuel mixture, such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or a gas engine (using a gaseous fuel like natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas). Introduction Diesel engines work by compressing only air, or air combined with residual combustion gases from the exhaust (known as exhaust gas recirculation, "EGR"). Air is inducted into the chamber during the intake stroke, and compressed during the compression stroke. This increases air temperature inside the Cylinder (engine), cylinder so that atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites. The torque a dies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Multi-valve
A multi-valve or multivalve Four-stroke engine, four-stroke internal combustion engine is one where each Cylinder (engine), cylinder has ''more than two'' poppet valve, valves – more than the minimum required of one of each, for the purposes of air and fuel intake, and Exhaust system, venting exhaust gases. Multi-valve engines were conceived to improve one or both of these, often called "better breathing", and with the added benefit of more valves that are smaller, thus having less mass in motion (per individual valve and spring), may also be able to operate at higher revolutions per minute (RPM) than a two-valve engine, delivering even more intake an/or exhaust per unit of time, thus potentially more power (physics), power. Multi-valve rationale Multi-valve engine design A multi-valve engine design has three, four, or five poppet valves per cylinder, to achieve greater performance. In automotive engineering, any four-stroke internal combustion engine needs at least two v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Double Overhead Camshaft
An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine in which the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion chamber in the engine block. ''Single overhead camshaft'' (SOHC) engines have one camshaft per bank of cylinders. ''Dual overhead camshaft'' (DOHC, also known as "twin-cam") engines have two camshafts per bank. The first production car to use a DOHC engine was built in 1910. Use of DOHC engines slowly increased from the 1940s, leading to many automobiles by the early 2000s using DOHC engines. Design In an OHC engine, the camshaft is located at the top of the engine, above the combustion chamber. This contrasts the earlier overhead valve engine (OHV) and flathead engine configurations, where the camshaft is located down in the engine block. The valves in both OHC and OHV engines are located above the combustion chamber; however ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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PSA EW/DW Engine
The PSA EW/DW engine is a family of straight-4 black-top automobile engines manufactured by the PSA Group for use in their Peugeot and Citroën automobiles. The EW/DW family was introduced in 1998 as a replacement for the XU engine. Some DW engines are produced as part of a joint-venture with Ford Motor Company. The EW/DW uses many parts from the XU, most notably the crankshaft, but is built with lighter materials. The EW name is used for the petrol engines ("e" for ''essence'') and DW for Diesel engines. All EWs are DOHC multivalve with displacement from . They are mainly used for large family cars and executive cars, as well as large MPVs, although the 2.0 L is also used for some hot hatch models. The DW started with an SOHC 2-valve design between , later receiving DOHC and four valves per cylinder upon the introduction of the 2.2 L in 2000 with the Citroën C5 and Peugeot 607. Turbocharged versions started using common rail and received the commercial designatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Straight-four Engine
A straight-four engine (also referred to as an inline-four engine) is a four-cylinder Reciprocating engine, piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the exceptions of the flat-four engines produced by Subaru and Porsche) and the layout is also very common in motorcycles and other machinery. Therefore the term "four-cylinder engine" is usually synonymous with straight-four engines. When a straight-four engine is installed at an inclined angle (instead of with the cylinders oriented vertically), it is sometimes called a Slant-4 engine, slant-four. Between 2005 and 2008, the proportion of new vehicles sold in the United States with four-cylinder engines rose from 30% to 47%. By the 2020 model year, the share for light-duty vehicles had risen to 59%. Design A four-stroke straight-four engine always has a cylinder on its power stroke, unlike engines with fewer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Fiat 128 SOHC Engine
Designed by Aurelio Lampredi, the Fiat SOHC engine first appeared in the front-wheel drive (FWD) Fiat 128 of 1969. The in-line four-cylinder engine comprised an iron block with an aluminium cylinder-head containing a single overhead camshaft operating directly on both the inlet and exhaust valves in a reverse-flow cylinder-head configuration. The camshaft was driven by a toothed belt rather than chain. The engine remained in production until about 2010 and grew in capacity over the years from 1100 cc (in the Fiat 128) to an eventual 1900 cc (in the Fiat Linea). The Fiat 130 V6 engine, also appearing in 1969, although having crossflow cylinder head, is directly related to the 128 SOHC engine, but with a 1.20 upscale in bore and stroke. The 128 SOHC engine was gradually replaced by the Pratola Serra engine series starting from 1995, and in the 1100 cc guise, by the FIRE unit of comparable displacement. It was also converted to use a multivalve DOHC head, giving birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |