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Ciona Hoshinoi
''Ciona'' is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of ''Ciona'' is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal (oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon. Species Species in this genus include: * '' Ciona antarctica'' * '' Ciona edwardsi'' * '' Ciona fascicularis'' * '' Ciona gelatinosa'' * '' Ciona hoshinoi'' * '' Ciona imperfecta'' * '' Ciona intermedia'' * ''Ciona intestinalis'' * ''Ciona longissima'' * '' Ciona mollis'' * '' Ciona pomponiae'' * '' Ciona robusta'' * '' Ciona roulei'' * '' Ciona savignyi'' * '' Ciona sheikoi'' Genome projects As of 2008, the genomes of ''Ciona intestinalis''P. Dehal et al.: ''The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Intestinalis
''Ciona intestinalis'' (sometimes known by the common name of vase tunicate) is an ascidian (sea squirt), a tunicate with very soft tunic. Its Latin name literally means "pillar of intestines", referring to the fact that its body is a soft, translucent column-like structure, resembling a mass of intestines sprouting from a rock. It is a globally distributed cosmopolitan species. Since Linnaeus described the species, ''Ciona intestinalis'' has been used as a model invertebrate chordate in developmental biology and genomics. Studies conducted between 2005 and 2010 have shown that there are at least two, possibly four, sister species. More recently it has been shown that one of these species has already been described as '' Ciona robusta''. By anthropogenic means, the species has invaded various parts of the world and is known as an invasive species. Although Linnaeus first categorised this species as a kind of mollusk, Alexander Kovalevsky found a tadpole-like larval stage durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Hoshinoi
''Ciona'' is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of ''Ciona'' is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal (oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon. Species Species in this genus include: * '' Ciona antarctica'' * '' Ciona edwardsi'' * '' Ciona fascicularis'' * '' Ciona gelatinosa'' * '' Ciona hoshinoi'' * '' Ciona imperfecta'' * '' Ciona intermedia'' * ''Ciona intestinalis'' * ''Ciona longissima'' * '' Ciona mollis'' * '' Ciona pomponiae'' * '' Ciona robusta'' * '' Ciona roulei'' * '' Ciona savignyi'' * '' Ciona sheikoi'' Genome projects As of 2008, the genomes of ''Ciona intestinalis''P. Dehal et al.: ''The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allogamy
Allogamy or cross-fertilization is the fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another. By contrast, autogamy is the term used for self-fertilization. In humans, the fertilization event is an instance of allogamy. Self-fertilization occurs in hermaphroditic organisms where the two gametes fused in fertilization come from the same individual. This is common in plants (see Sexual reproduction in plants) and certain protozoans. In plants, allogamy is used specifically to mean the use of pollen from one plant to fertilize the flower of another plant and usually synonymous with the term "cross-fertilization" or "cross-pollination" (outcrossing). The latter term can be used more specifically to mean pollen exchange between different plant strains or even different plant species (where the term ''cross-hybridization'' can be used) rather than simply between different individuals. Allogamy is achieved through the use of external pollinating factors. The proce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inbreeding Depression
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness caused by loss of genetic diversity as a consequence of inbreeding, the breeding of individuals closely related genetically. This loss of genetic diversity results from small population size, often stemming from a population bottleneck. Biological fitness refers to an organism's ability to survive and perpetuate its genetic material. In general, the higher the genetic variation or gene pool within a breeding population, the less likely it is to suffer from inbreeding depression, though inbreeding and outbreeding depression can simultaneously occur. Inbreeding depression seems to be present in most populations of organisms, but varies across mating systems. Remarkably, hermaphroditic species often exhibit lower degrees of inbreeding depression than outcrossing species, as repeated generations of selfing is thought to purge deleterious alleles from populations. For example, the outcrossing nematode (roundworm) '' Caen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermaphrodite
A hermaphrodite () is a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes. Animal species in which individuals are either male or female are gonochoric, which is the opposite of hermaphroditic. The individuals of many taxonomic groups of animals, primarily invertebrates, are hermaphrodites, capable of producing viable gametes of both sexes. In the great majority of tunicates, mollusks, and earthworms, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male. Hermaphroditism is also found in some fish species, but is rare in other vertebrate groups. Most hermaphroditic species exhibit some degree of self-fertilization. The distribution of self-fertilization rates among animals is similar to that of plants, suggesting that similar pressures are operating to direct the evolution of selfing in animals and plants. A rough estimate of the number of hermaphroditic animal species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Sheikoi
''Ciona'' is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of ''Ciona'' is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal (oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon. Species Species in this genus include: * '' Ciona antarctica'' * '' Ciona edwardsi'' * '' Ciona fascicularis'' * '' Ciona gelatinosa'' * ''Ciona hoshinoi'' * '' Ciona imperfecta'' * '' Ciona intermedia'' * ''Ciona intestinalis'' * ''Ciona longissima'' * '' Ciona mollis'' * '' Ciona pomponiae'' * '' Ciona robusta'' * '' Ciona roulei'' * '' Ciona savignyi'' * '' Ciona sheikoi'' Genome projects As of 2008, the genomes of ''Ciona intestinalis''P. Dehal et al.: ''The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Savignyi
''Ciona savignyi'' is a marine animal sometimes known as the Pacific transparent sea squirt or solitary sea squirt. It is a species of tunicates in the family Cionidae. It is found in shallow waters around Japan and has spread to the west coast of North America where it is regarded as an invasive species. Description ''Ciona savignyi'' is a solitary, bottle or vase-shaped tunicate growing to a length of about . It is usually broader near the base and this part is permanently attached to a hard surface. The outer covering or tunic is soft and gelatinous, translucent, whitish or cream-coloured. The muscle bands and internal organs can often be seen through the tunic. At the narrower, free end, there is a buccal siphon through which water is drawn into the animal. This opening is rimmed by eight yellow-edged lobes each with an orange-red spot. At the side, not far from the buccal siphon, there is an atrial siphon out of which water is pumped. This has six similar yellow lobes with r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Roulei
''Ciona'' is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of ''Ciona'' is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal (oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon. Species Species in this genus include: * '' Ciona antarctica'' * '' Ciona edwardsi'' * '' Ciona fascicularis'' * '' Ciona gelatinosa'' * ''Ciona hoshinoi'' * '' Ciona imperfecta'' * '' Ciona intermedia'' * ''Ciona intestinalis'' * ''Ciona longissima'' * '' Ciona mollis'' * '' Ciona pomponiae'' * '' Ciona robusta'' * '' Ciona roulei'' * ''Ciona savignyi'' * ''Ciona sheikoi'' Genome projects As of 2008, the genomes of ''Ciona intestinalis''P. Dehal et al.: ''The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Robusta
''Ciona robusta'' is a species of marine invertebrate in the genus '' Ciona'' of the family Cionidae. The holotype was collected on the northeastern coast of Honshu Island, Japan. Populations of ''Ciona intestinalis'' known as ''Ciona intestinalis'' type A found in the Mediterranean Sea, the Pacific Ocean, east coast of North America, and the Atlantic coasts of South Africa have been shown to be ''Ciona robusta''. ''Ciona robusta'' is a delineation of ''C. Intestinalis.'' In the early 2000s, molecular research concluded that ''C. intestinalis'' was composed of four distinct lineages named type A, B, C and D. ''Conia intestinalis type A'' was later reclassified as ''C. robusta''. It was not until 2015 that the four different classifications of ''C. intestinalis'' were accepted into the scientific community, and thus reported on. A vigorous and highly invasive species, the ''Ciona robusta'' is a solitary, marine invertebrate attached at its base to a substrate, with a water-filled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Pomponiae
''Ciona'' is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of ''Ciona'' is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal (oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon. Species Species in this genus include: * '' Ciona antarctica'' * '' Ciona edwardsi'' * '' Ciona fascicularis'' * '' Ciona gelatinosa'' * ''Ciona hoshinoi'' * '' Ciona imperfecta'' * '' Ciona intermedia'' * ''Ciona intestinalis'' * ''Ciona longissima'' * '' Ciona mollis'' * '' Ciona pomponiae'' * ''Ciona robusta'' * ''Ciona roulei'' * ''Ciona savignyi'' * ''Ciona sheikoi'' Genome projects As of 2008, the genomes of ''Ciona intestinalis''P. Dehal et al.: ''The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciona Longissima
''Ciona'' is a genus of tunicate, sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of ''Ciona'' is bag-like and covered by a tunica (biology), tunic, which is a secretion of the Squamous epithelium, epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the Cheek, buccal (Mouth, oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphon (mollusc), siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the wikt:atrium, atrium through the atrial siphon. Species Species in this genus include: * ''Ciona antarctica'' * ''Ciona edwardsi'' * ''Ciona fascicularis'' * ''Ciona gelatinosa'' * ''Ciona hoshinoi'' * ''Ciona imperfecta'' * ''Ciona intermedia'' * ''Ciona intestinalis'' * ''Ciona longissima'' * ''Ciona mollis'' * ''Ciona pomponiae'' * ''Ciona robusta'' * ''Ciona roulei'' * ''Ciona savignyi'' * ''Ciona sheikoi'' Genome projects As of 2008, the genomes of ''Ciona intestinalis''P. Dehal et al.: '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
