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Cinephilia
Cinephilia ( ; also cinemaphilia or filmophilia) is the term used to refer to a passionate interest in films, film theory, and film criticism. The term is a portmanteau of the words '' cinema'' and '' philia'', one of the four ancient Greek words for love. A person with a passionate interest in cinema is called a cinephile ( ), cinemaphile, filmophile, or, informally, a film buff (also movie buff). To a cinephile, a film is often not just a source of entertainment as they see films from a more critical point of view. In English, ''cinephile'' is sometimes used interchangeably with the word ''cineaste'' ( ), though in the original French the term ' () refers to a filmmaker. Definition In a review of a book on the history of cinephilia, Mas Generis writes: "Cinephilia, despite its transparent etymological meaning—love of cinema—is a term that resists ready and shared understanding." Generis also introduces a quote from film scholar Annette Michelson that states that there is, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Film
A film, also known as a movie or motion picture, is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions, or atmosphere through the use of moving images that are generally, since the 1930s, synchronized with sound and (less commonly) other sensory stimulations. Etymology and alternative terms The name "film" originally referred to the thin layer of photochemical emulsion on the celluloid strip that used to be the actual medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion-picture, including "picture", "picture show", "moving picture", "photoplay", and "flick". The most common term in the United States is "movie", while in Europe, "film" is preferred. Archaic terms include "animated pictures" and "animated photography". "Flick" is, in general a slang term, first recorded in 1926. It originates in the verb flicker, owing to the flickering appearance of early films ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Luc Godard
Jean-Luc Godard ( , ; ; 3 December 193013 September 2022) was a French and Swiss film director, screenwriter, and film critic. He rose to prominence as a pioneer of the French New Wave film movement of the 1960s, alongside such filmmakers as François Truffaut, Agnès Varda, Éric Rohmer and Jacques Demy. He was arguably the most influential French filmmaker of the post-war era. According to AllMovie, his work "revolutionized the motion picture form" through its experimentation with narrative, continuity, sound, and camerawork. During his early career as a film critic for '' Cahiers du Cinéma'', Godard criticized mainstream French cinema's "Tradition of Quality" and championed Hollywood directors like Alfred Hitchcock and Howard Hawks. In response, he and like-minded critics began to make their own films, challenging the conventions of traditional Hollywood in addition to French cinema. Godard first received global acclaim for '' Breathless'' (1960), a milestone in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Occupation Of France During World War II
The Military Administration in France (; ) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called ' was established in June 1940, and renamed ' ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as ' ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed ' ("south zone"). Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Armistice of 22 June 1940 after the success of the leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities. The "French State" (') replaced the French Third Republic that had dissolved in defeat. Though nominally extending its sovereignty over the whole co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre Astruc
Alexandre Astruc (; 13July 192319May 2016) was a French film critic and film director. Biography Before becoming a film director, he was a journalist, novelist and film critic. His contribution to the auteur theory centers on his notion of the ''caméra-stylo'' or "camera-pen" and the idea that directors should wield their cameras like writers use their pens.Alexandre Astruc, "The Birth of a New Avant-Garde: La Caméra-Stylo," in ''The New Wave'', ed. Peter Graham, pp. 17-23. Trans. from "Naissance d'une nouvelle avant-garde: la caméra-stylo," ''L'Écran Français'' 144, 30 March 1948. In 1994, he was awarded the René Clair Award for his whole body of film work. Selected filmography ''(s) indicates films also co-scripted by Astruc'' *1949: ''Ulysse ou Les mauvaises rencontres'' also known as ''Aller et retour'', a short film; Astruc also wrote the scenario *1952: '' The Crimson Curtain'' (s) (Le rideau cramoisi) *1952: '' The Respectful Prostitute'' *1955: '' Les Mauvais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Chabrol
Claude Henri Jean Chabrol (; 24 June 1930 – 12 September 2010) was a French film director and a member of the French New Wave (''nouvelle vague'') group of filmmakers who first came to prominence at the end of the 1950s. Like his colleagues and contemporaries Jean-Luc Godard, François Truffaut, Éric Rohmer and Jacques Rivette, Chabrol was a Film criticism, critic for the influential film magazine ''Cahiers du Cinéma'' before beginning his career as a film maker. Chabrol's career began with ''Le Beau Serge'' (1958), inspired by Alfred Hitchcock, Hitchcock's ''Shadow of a Doubt'' (1943). Thrillers became something of a trademark for Chabrol, with an approach characterized by a distanced objectivity. This is especially apparent in ''Les Biches (film), Les Biches'' (1968), ''The Unfaithful Wife, La Femme infidèle'' (1969), and ''The Butcher (1970 film), Le Boucher'' (1970) – all featuring Stéphane Audran, who was his wife at the time. Sometimes characterized as a "mainstrea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Doniol-Valcroze
Jacques Doniol-Valcroze (; 15 March 1920 – 6 October 1989) was a French actor, critic, screenwriter, and director. In 1951, Doniol-Valcroze was a co-founder of the renowned film magazine '' Cahiers du cinéma'', along with André Bazin and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca. The magazine was initially edited by Doniol-Valcroze between 1951–1957. As critic, he championed numerous filmmakers including Orson Welles, Howard Hawks, and Nicholas Ray. In 1955, then 23-year-old François Truffaut made a short film in Doniol-Valcroze's apartment, '' Une Visite''. Jacques's daughter Florence played a minor part in it. In 1955, he was a member of the jury at the 16th Venice International Film Festival, and in 1964 a member of the jury at the 14th Berlin International Film Festival. New Wave In his thirties he played a pivotal role in the French New Wave, discussing the beginnings of "the new cinema" as the co-founder of '' Cahiers du cinéma'' and defended Alain Robbe-Grillet. Jean Douchet wrot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Truffaut
François Roland Truffaut ( , ; ; 6 February 1932 – 21 October 1984) was a French filmmaker, actor, and critic. He is widely regarded as one of the founders of the French New Wave. He came under the tutelage of film critic Andre Bazin as a young man and was hired to write for Bazin's ''Cahiers du Cinéma'', where he became a proponent of the auteur, ''auteur'' theory, which posits that a film's director is its true author. ''The 400 Blows'' (1959), starring Jean-Pierre Léaud as Truffaut's alter-ego Antoine Doinel, was a defining film of the New Wave. Truffaut supplied the story for another milestone of the movement, Breathless (1960 film), ''Breathless'' (1960), directed by his ''Cahiers'' colleague Jean-Luc Godard. His other notable films include ''Shoot the Piano Player'' (1960), ''Jules and Jim'' (1962), ''The Soft Skin'' (1964), ''Two English Girls'' (1971) and ''The Last Metro'' (1980). Truffaut's Day for Night (film), ''Day for Night'' (1973) earned him the BAFTA Awa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Bazin
André Bazin (; 18 April 1918 – 11 November 1958) was a renowned and influential French film critic and film theorist. He started to write about movies in 1943 and was a co-founder of the renowned film magazine '' Cahiers du cinéma'' in 1951 alongside Jacques Doniol-Valcroze and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca. He is notable for arguing that realism is the most important function of cinema. His call for objective reality in film, as understood through the use of deep focus as well as the lack of montage, were linked to his belief that the interpretation of an entire movie or a specific scene should be left to the spectator. This placed him in opposition to prior film theorists, such as many writing during the 1920s and 1930s, who had emphasized how the cinema could manipulate reality. Bazin insisted that movies morally should serve as personalized projects by their directors to the degree that each and every one represents a director's individual vision, which reflected his broader p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French New Wave
The New Wave (, ), also called the French New Wave, is a French European art cinema, art film movement that emerged in the late 1950s. The movement was characterized by its rejection of traditional filmmaking conventions in favor of experimentation and a spirit of iconoclasm. New Wave filmmakers explored new approaches to film editing, editing, visual style, and narrative, as well as engagement with the social and political upheavals of the era, often making use of irony or exploring existential themes. The New Wave is often considered one of the most influential movements in the history of cinematography, cinema. However, contemporary critics have also argued that historians have not sufficiently credited its female co-founder, Agnès Varda, and have criticized the movement's prevailing themes of sexism towards women. The term was first used by a group of French film critics and cinephiles associated with the magazine in the late 1950s and 1960s. These critics rejected the ("T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Cocteau
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau ( , ; ; 5 July 1889 11 October 1963) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, film director, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost avant-garde artists of the 20th-century and hugely influential on the surrealist and Dadaist movements, among others. The National Observer (United States), ''National Observer'' suggested that "of the artistic generation whose daring gave birth to Twentieth Century Art, Cocteau came closest to being a Renaissance man". He is best known for his novels (1923), (1928), and (1929); the stage plays (1930), (1934), (1938), (1941), and (1946); and the films ''The Blood of a Poet'' (1930), (1948), ''Beauty and the Beast (1946 film), Beauty and the Beast'' (1946), ''Orpheus (film), Orpheus'' (1950), and ''Testament of Orpheus'' (1960), which alongside ''Blood of a Poet'' and ''Orpheus'' constitute the so-called Orphic Trilogy. He was described as "one of [the] avant-gard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Bresson
Robert Bresson (; 25 September 1901 – 18 December 1999) was a French film director. Known for his ascetic approach, Bresson made a notable contribution to the art of cinema; his non-professional actors, Ellipsis (narrative device), ellipses, and sparse use of scoring have led his works to be regarded as preeminent examples of Minimalism, minimalist film. Much of his work is known for being tragic in story and nature. Bresson is among the most highly regarded filmmakers of all time. He has the highest number of films (seven) that made the 2012 ''Sight & Sound'' critics' poll of the 250 greatest films ever made. His works ''A Man Escaped'' (1956), ''Pickpocket (film), Pickpocket'' (1959) and ''Au hasard Balthazar'' (1966) were ranked among the top 100, and other films like ''Mouchette'' (1967) and (1983) also received many votes. Jean-Luc Godard once wrote, "He is the French cinema, as Fyodor Dostoevsky, Dostoevsky is the Russian novel and Mozart is German music." Personal life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
