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Cimin Huiri
Cimin Huiri (Chinese: 慈悞慧日, pinyin: Címǐn Huìrì; Japanese: Jimin Enichi, c. 680–748) was a figure in Chinese Pure Land Buddhism and the founder of the Cimin lineage within this tradition. Born in 680 during the Tang dynasty, Huiri emerged as one of the most influential defenders of the Pure Land School against the critiques of the Southern school of Chan Buddhism.Buswell, Robert E; Lopez, Donald S. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, p. 193. Princeton University Press, Nov 24, 2013.Chappell, David W.. "From Dispute to Dual Cultivation: Pure Land Responses to Ch'an Critics". ''Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism'', edited by Peter N. Gregory, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986, pp. 163–198. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824842932-007 Overview Life Inspired by the pilgrimage of the translator Yijing (意靖; 635–713), Huiri embarked on a journey to India in 702. Traveling by sea, he reached the Indian subcontinent in 704 and remained there unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenhui
Heze Shenhui (Chinese:菏澤神會/菏泽神会; Wade–Giles: Shen-hui; Japanese: Kataku Jinne, 684–758) was a Chinese Buddhist monk of the so-called "Southern School" of Zen, who "claimed to have studied under Huineng." Shenhui is notable for his strident attacks on Yuquan Shenxiu and the associated "Northern School", which was the most prominent branch of Chan Buddhism in China at the time. He accused them of propagating ''gradual teachings'', as opposed to his own ''sudden teachings''. Shenhui's own lineage, called the Heze lineage (菏澤宗), probably died out around the time of the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution in 845, with Guifeng Zongmi being the only notable monk in the lineage. Biography Shenhui was born in Xiangyang with the surname Gao (高). He learned The Five Classics of Confucius and the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi at a young age. At the age of 14 he became a monk under Huineng, a disciple of Hongren and the founder of the Southern School of Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the Eating, consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects as food, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. A person who practices vegetarianism is known as a vegetarian. Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons. Many people ethics of eating meat, object to eating meat out of respect for Sentience, sentient animal life. Such ethical motivations have been codified vegetarianism and religion, under various religious beliefs as well as animal rights advocacy. Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, Environmental vegetarianism, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, Economic vegetarianism, economic, gastronomy, taste-related, or relate to other personality psychology, personal preferences. A small number of towns and cities around the world are exclusively vegetarian or have outlawed meat, including Rishikesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tan-luan
Tánluán (, 476–554) was a Chinese Buddhist monk who wrote on Pure Land Buddhism.Shinkō Mochizuki (2000), p. 151 Tanluan was the first Asian Buddhist to stress the importance of the Buddha's Other Power as a liberating force. He held that through the practice of nianfo (buddha recollection), the Buddha's power would take them to the pure land after death. This doctrine would become very important in later Pure Land Buddhism. Tanluan's main work is his ''Jingtu lun zhu'' (浄土論註; T. 1819), a Commentary to Vasubandhu's '' Discourse on the Pure Land''. Tanluan is considered to be the Third Patriarch of Pure land Buddhism by the Japanese Pure Land sects like Jōdo-shu and Jōdo Shinshū. He was a significant influence on later Pure Land masters like Shandao and Shinran.Corless, Roger"The Enduring Significance of T’an-luan" ''Pacific World Journal,'' Third Series Number 2 Fall 2000 Life Tanluan was born in Shanxi, in an area near Wu-t’ai shan. As a young boy he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shandao
Shandao (; ; 613–681) was a Chinese Buddhist scholar monk and an influential figure of East Asian Pure Land Buddhism.Jones (2019), pp. 20-21 Shandao was one of the first Pure Land authors to argue that all Pṛthagjana, ordinary people, and even the most evil person, can be reborn in the Pure land, Pure Land by relying on the Other power, karmic power of Amitābha Buddha's Primal Vow, past vows. Shandao was also one of the earliest Pure Land authors to teach the primacy of faithfully reciting Amitābha's name (Ch: nianfo). Shandao saw this practice as sufficient for birth in the Pure Land, and as the supreme practice (even more important than Buddhist meditation, meditation). This, along with Shandao's efforts to teach common laypeople in various ways, like disseminating paintings of the Pure Land, made Pure Land Buddhism much more accessible and popular among the common people. Several modern scholars consider Shandao to be the central figure of the Chinese Pure Land traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ennin
, better known in Japan by his posthumous name, Jikaku Daishi (), was a priest of the Tendai school of Buddhism in Japan, and its third . Ennin was instrumental in expanding the Tendai Order's influence, and bringing back crucial training and resources from China, particularly esoteric Buddhist training and Pure Land teachings. He is most well known for integrating esoteric practices ('' Taimitsu'') with the teachings of the ''Lotus Sutra.'' His journey to Tang China (838–847) and his subsequent writings profoundly influenced Japanese Buddhism. Life Birth and origin He was born into the Mibu () family in Shimotsuke Province (present-day Tochigi Prefecture), Japan and entered the Buddhist priesthood at Enryaku-ji on Mt. Hiei (Hieizan) near Kyoto at the age of 15. Studying under Saichō, the founder of Japanese Tendai Buddhism, Ennin excelled in his studies, particularly in the ''Lotus Sutra'' and Tiantai meditation practices. After Saichō’s death, Ennin sought to de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōnen
, also known as Genkū, was the founding figure of the , the first independent branch of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism. Hōnen became a Tendai initiate at an early age, but grew disaffected and sought an approach to Buddhism that all people of all classes and genders could follow, even during the current Three Ages of Buddhism, Age of Dharma Decline. After reading Shandao's Commentary on the ''Amitāyus Contemplation Sūtra'', Hōnen devoted himself to attaining birth in the pure land of Amitābha Buddha (Amida) through the practice of "recitation of the Buddha's name" (Jp: Nianfo, nembutsu) and to spreading this teaching among all people. Hōnen gathered a wide array of followers and attracted numerous critics. He taught them all the simple practice of reciting "Namo Amida Butsu" while entrusting oneself to Amida's universal Other power, vow power.Hirota, Dennis,Japanese Pure Land Philosophy, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Fall 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta & Uri N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heian Period
The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kammu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). means in Japanese. It is a period in Japanese history when the Chinese influence on Japanese culture, Chinese influences were in decline and the national culture matured. The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese Emperors of Japan, imperial court, noted for its Japanese art, art, especially Japanese poetry, poetry and Japanese literature, literature. Two syllabaries unique to Japan, katakana and hiragana, emerged during this time. This gave rise to Japan's famous vernacular literature, with many of its texts written by court ladies who were not as educated in Chinese as their male counterparts. Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface, the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful Kuge, aristocratic family wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty ( ) was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period#Ten Kingdoms, Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song frequently came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao dynasty, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasties in northern China. After retreating to southern China following attacks by the Jin dynasty, the Song was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The History of the Song dynasty, dynasty's history is divided into two periods: during the Northern Song (; 960–1127), the capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now East China. The #Southern Song, 1127–1279, Southern Song (; 1127–1279) comprise the period following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuanzhao
Yuanzhao (Chinese: 元照, 1048–1116), styled Zanran Yuanzhao and Lingzhi Yuanzhao (靈芝元照) was a distinguished scholar-monk and Vinaya master of the Vinaya school during the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE).Chi-chiang Huang. �Pure Land Hermeneutics in the Song Dynasty: The Case of Zhanran Yuanzhao (1048--1116).�� (2000). He also taught and wrote on Pure Land Buddhism and Tiantai. After a period of illness later in life, he became a staunch Pure Land Buddhist, composing commentaries on the '' Amitabha Sutra'' and the '' Contemplation Sutra''. Yuanzhao was a key reformer of the Vinaya school during the Song dynasty, widely administering its monastic ordination ceremonies to monks and bodhisattva precepts to laypersons. He is also one of the most prominent Song era Pure Land commentators whose works are still extant. Overview A native of Yuhang (modern Zhejiang Province), he was born in 1048, the eighth year of the Qingli reign, with the secular surname Tang (唐). Ordained u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yongming Yanshou
Yongming Yanshou ( zh, t=永明延壽, p=Yǒngmíng Yánshòu, w=Yung-ming Yen-shou; ) (904–976) was a prominent Buddhist monk during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period and early Song Dynasty in China. He promoted a non-sectarian and inclusive Mahayana Buddhism, drawing on Chan, Huayan, Tiantai and Pure Land. Yanshou promoted a holistic and syncretic teaching which saw the sudden enlightenment focused practice of Chan as fully compatible with the myriad skillful means of Chinese Buddhism (such as rituals, bodhisattva precepts, worship, nianfo and cultivation of good deeds). Biography Yongming Yanshou is first mentioned in biographical form by Zanning (贊寧) in a work called the ''Song Biographies of Eminent Monks'' ( zh, t=宋高僧傳, p=song gaoseng zhuan), which was produced in 988, 12 years after Yanshou's death. Yanshou lived largely during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, in the independent Wuyue kingdom. This age was characterized by nearly co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fazhao
Fǎzhào (Chinese: 法照; J. Hōshō; 746–838), also known as Zhulin Fazhao (竹林法照) and Śramaṇa Fazhao of Nanyue, was a Chinese monk during the Tang dynasty, known for his teachings on Pure Land Buddhism and nianfo (recitation of Buddha Amitābha, Amitābha's name).Kai, S. (2020). "The Pure Land Teachings of Fazhao and the Mañjuśrī Cult of Mount Wutai". In ''The Transnational Cult of Mount Wutai''. pp. 288-306. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004419872_013Callahan, Christopher. "Recognizing the Founder, Seeing Amida Buddha Kakunyo’s Hōon kōshiki", ''Japanese Journal of Religious Studies'' 43/1: 177–205 © 2016 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture http://dx.doi.org/10.18874/jjrs.43.1.2016.177-205 He was honored by Chinese emperor Emperor Daizong of Tang, Daizong with the title "National Teacher of the Bamboo Grove temple of the Central Terrace [of the Mount Wutai, Wutai Mountains]" and was later honored as a patriarch of the Pure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Xuanzong Of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an Emperor of China, emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue (Tang dynasty), Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age (metaphor), golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion. Background Li Longji was born at the Tang dynasty eastern capital Luoyang in 685, during the first reign of his fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
