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Cieszyn Brewery
The Cieszyn Brewery is a historic brewery in Poland and belongs to the Felix Investments. It is the longest continuously operating brewery in Poland. The brewery is located in the border town of Cieszyn, on the Castle Hill in the Classicist palace. History The brewery on the Castle Hill The pre-beginnings of the Castle Brewery in Cieszyn date back to 1653, when Emperor Ferdinand III granted the Cieszyn Duchy to his son, Prince Ferdinand IV. In the same year, the prince's commissioner appointed Kasar Tłuk of Toszonowice as regent of the princely estates, which he created in the complex known as the Cieszyn Chamber. At the end of 1653, regent Tluk opened a brewery in the castle in Cieszyn. He did it unlawfully, as he broke the mileage privilege belonging to the city of Cieszyn. Due to strong protests of the townspeople, the regent temporarily interrupted the production of beer, but after some time he resumed it again, this time delivering beer only outside the area of one mi ...
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Brackie
The Cieszyn Brewery is a historic brewery in Poland and belongs to the Felix Investments. It is the longest continuously operating brewery in Poland. The brewery is located in the border town of Cieszyn, on the Castle Hill in the Classicist palace. History The brewery on the Castle Hill The pre-beginnings of the Castle Brewery in Cieszyn date back to 1653, when Emperor Ferdinand III granted the Cieszyn Duchy to his son, Prince Ferdinand IV. In the same year, the prince's commissioner appointed Kasar Tłuk of Toszonowice as regent of the princely estates, which he created in the complex known as the Cieszyn Chamber. At the end of 1653, regent Tluk opened a brewery in the castle in Cieszyn. He did it unlawfully, as he broke the mileage privilege belonging to the city of Cieszyn. Due to strong protests of the townspeople, the regent temporarily interrupted the production of beer, but after some time he resumed it again, this time delivering beer only outside the area of one mi ...
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Brewery
A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant. The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi. Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century, monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built. The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries. A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process. History Beer may have been known in N ...
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Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ...
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Cieszyn
Cieszyn ( , ; ; ) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 33,500 inhabitants ( and lies opposite Český Těšín in the Czech Republic. Both towns belong to the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, and formerly constituted the capital of the Duchy of Cieszyn as a single town. Geography The town is situated on the Olza (river), Olza river, a tributary of the Oder River, which forms the border with the Czech Republic. It is located within the western Silesian Foothills north of the Silesian Beskids and Mt. Czantoria Wielka, a popular ski resort. Cieszyn is the heart of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, the southeasternmost part of Upper Silesia. Until the end of World War I in 1918 it was a seat of the Duchy of Cieszyn, Dukes of Cieszyn. In 1920 Cieszyn Silesia was divided between the two newly created states of Second Polish Republic, Poland and First Czec ...
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Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III (Ferdinand Ernest; 13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Archduke of Austria, Kingdom of Hungary, King of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg), Croatia from 1625, Kingdom of Bohemia, King of Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 to his death. Ferdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from the old ideas of Divine right of kings, divine right held by his father, as he wished to end the war quickly. After military defeats and against a background of declining power, Ferdinand was compelled to abandon the political stances of his Habsburg predecessors in many respects to open the long road towards the much-delayed Peace of Westphalia. Although his authority as emperor was weakened after the war, his position in Bohemia, Hungary and Austria was stronger than that of his predecessors before 1618. Ferdinand was the first Habsburg monarch to be recognised as a musical ...
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Joseph Kornhäusel
Josef Georg Kornhäusel (13 November 1782, in Vienna - 31 October 1860, in Vienna) was an Austrian architect of the first half of the 19th century. He primarily employed the contemporary style of Neoclassical architecture, moving to the Biedermeier style in his later oevre. Kornhäusel was court architect to Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein, for whom he had built palaces, theaters and garden pavilions. Rachel Wischnitzer, Architecture of the European Synagogue, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1964, p. 178. Major works * Domestic architecture: Numerous apartment buildings and villas in Vienna and Baden * Weilburg Palace in Baden, 1820-1824 * Theater in der Josefstadt, 1822 * Interior of the museum Albertina, 1822 * Stadttempel, the main synagogue of the Jewish community in Vienna, 1824-1826 * Extension to the Schottenstift, 1826-1832 * Extension of the château in Hnojník Hnojník (, ) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravia ...
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Pilsner
Pilsner (also pilsener or simply pils) is a type of pale lager. It takes its name from the Bohemian city of Plzeň (), where the world's first pale lager (now known as Pilsner Urquell) was produced in 1842 by Pilsner Urquell Brewery. History Origin The city of Plzeň was granted brewing rights in 1307. Until the mid-1840s, most Bohemian beers were top-brewing#Fermenting, fermented. The Pilsner Urquell Brewery, originally called in (, ), is where Pilsen beer was first brewed. Brewers had begun aging beer made with cool fermenting yeasts in caves (lager, i.e., [stored]), which improved the beer's clarity and shelf-life. Part of this research benefited from the knowledge already expounded on in a book (printed in German in 1794, in Czech in 1799) written by Czech brewer () (1753–1805) from Brno. The Plzeň brewery recruited the Bavarian brewer Josef Groll (1813–1887) who, using the local ingredients, produced the first batch of pale lager on 5 October 1842. The combinat ...
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World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ...
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Polish Beer
Beer in Poland has been brewed for well over a thousand years and has a significant history of tradition and commercial beer production. Poland is Europe's third largest beer producer, producing 36.9 million hectolitres, coming after the United Kingdom with 49.5 million hl and neighboring Germany with 103 million hl. Following the World War II, Second World War, most breweries were nationalized by the Communist Government of the Polish People's Republic. After the Revolutions of 1989, collapse of communism and Balcerowicz Plan, return to capitalism, the market economy returned, international beer companies moved in and a period of consolidation followed. Three companies now control 80% of the Polish beer market (according to data at the end of 2014). At the end of 2013, there were 97 breweries in Poland, including Microbrewery, microbreweries and contracted breweries. Beer from small regional breweries, grouped in the Association of Polish Regional Breweries (Stowarzyszenie Regi ...
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Żywiec Brewery
Żywiec Brewery () is one of the largest breweries and beer producers in Poland. Founded in 1856 in the town of Żywiec, the brewery manufactures pale lager with a 5.5% alcohol volume. Grupa Żywiec S.A. consists of five main breweries: Żywiec Brewery, Elbrewery, Leżajsk, Warka Brewery and Browar Namysłów. Currently, the Dutch Heineken Group (Heineken International Beheer B.V.), with a 99% shareholding, has control over its major operations. The brewery has the capacity of producing 5 million hls a year, making it the largest brewery in Grupa Żywiec. History The brewery started operating in 1856 in the town of Żywiec, which was then part of Austrian Poland."Żywiec" entry in It was owned by the Habsburg Imperial Family until its confiscation by the post-WWII Communist government of Poland. At the beginning of the 1990s a court case was started by the descendants of the original owners, who sued the Polish government demanding $77 millionRadio Free Europe report, 14 ...
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