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Christian Democratic Party (Netherlands)
The Christian Democratic Party (, CDP) was a Politics of the Netherlands, Dutch Christian left, left-wing christian democracy, Christian-democratic political party. The CDP played only a minor role in parliament. It is historically linked to both the Dutch Labour Party, Labour Party and the Christian Democratic Appeal. Party History Between 1894 and 1901, Andries Staalman was a member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives for the district of Den Helder (electoral district), Den Helder. He was a member of the main Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, Reformed party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP). He operated on the left of the ARP and he advocated increased mixed economy, government interference in the economy and the universal suffrage, extension of suffrage. In the 1901 Dutch general election, 1901 general election, Staalman was re-elected to the House of Representatives on an Anti-Revolutionary ticket, but he was dissatisfied by the party's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of The Netherlands
The Netherlands is a parliamentary representative democracy. A constitutional monarchy, the country is organised as a decentralised unitary state.''Civil service systems in Western Europe'' edited by A. J. G. M. Bekke, Frits M. Meer, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000, Chapter 7 The Netherlands can be described as a consociational state. Dutch politics and governance are characterised by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both of the political community and society as a whole. Constitution The Dutch Constitution lists the basic civil and social rights of the Dutch citizens and it describes the position and function of the institutions that have executive, legislative and judiciary power. The constitution applies to the Netherlands, one of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands comprises all of the European territory, as well as the Caribbean islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. The Kingdom a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieter Oud
Pieter Jacobus Oud (5 December 1886 – 12 August 1968) was a Dutch politician of the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and historian. He was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 9 November 1963. Life Life before politics Oud came from a middle class family. His father traded in tobacco, wine, and later stocks, and served as alderman in Purmerend. Oud attended HBS in Amsterdam, graduating in 1904. He continued to study to become notary between 1904 and 1907. During this time he had become member of the board of the League of Freethinking Propaganda Associations, the freethinking liberal youth organisation. He took a private courses in registration in Gorinchem between 1907 and 1909. Between 1909 and 1911 he was civil servant within the ministry of Finance responsible for registration and government possessions. In 1911 he became a tax collector on Texel. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Taxation
A progressive tax is a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases. The term ''progressive'' refers to the way the tax rate progresses from low to high, with the result that a taxpayer's average tax rate is less than the person's marginal tax rate. The term can be applied to individual taxes or to a tax system as a whole. Progressive taxes are imposed in an attempt to reduce the tax incidence of people with a lower ability to pay, as such taxes shift the incidence increasingly to those with a higher ability-to-pay. The opposite of a progressive tax is a regressive tax, such as a sales tax, where the poor pay a larger proportion of their income compared to the rich (for example, spending on groceries and food staples varies little against income, so poor pay similar to rich even while latter has much higher income). The term is frequently applied in reference to personal income taxes, in which people with lower income pay a lower percentage of that inco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welfare State
A welfare state is a form of government in which the State (polity), state (or a well-established network of social institutions) protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. There is substantial variability in the form and trajectory of the welfare state across countries and regions. All welfare states entail some degree of Public–private partnership, private–public partnerships wherein the administration and delivery of at least some welfare programs occur through private entities. Welfare state services are also provided at varying territorial levels of government. The contemporary capitalist welfare state has been described as a type of mixed economy in the sense of state interventionism, as opposed to a mixture of planning and markets, since economic p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Householder Suffrage
Householder Franchise or ''census suffrage'' is where a homeowner has the right to vote in an election. This is a limited form of suffrage, but different from equal voting because, to borrow a dictum, householder franchise is ''one Household, one vote'' because it entitles only the householder one vote. History The 1832 Reform Act expanded the number of voters in the United Kingdom. In the boroughs the right of voting was vested in all householders paying a yearly rental of £10 and, subject to one year residence qualification £10 lodgers (if they were sharing a house and the landlord was not in occupation). In the counties A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ..., the franchise was granted to: # 40 shilling freeholders # £10 copyholders # £50 tenants # £10 long le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class Conflict
In political science, the term class conflict, class struggle, or class war refers to the economic antagonism and political tension that exist among social classes because of clashing interests, competition for limited resources, and inequalities of power in the socioeconomic hierarchy. In its simplest manifestation, class conflict refers to the ongoing battle between the rich and poor. In the writings of several leftist, socialist, and communist theorists, notably those of Karl Marx, class struggle is a core tenet and a practical means for effecting radical sociopolitical transformations for the majority working class. It is also a central concept within conflict theories of sociology and political philosophy. Class conflict can reveal itself through: * Direct violence, such as assassinations, coups, revolutions, counterrevolutions, and civil wars for control of government, natural resources, and labor; * Indirect violence, such as deaths from poverty, malnutrition, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformist
Reformism is a political tendency advocating the reform of an existing system or institution – often a political or religious establishment – as opposed to its abolition and replacement via revolution. Within the socialist movement, reformism is the view that gradual changes through existing institutions can eventually lead to fundamental changes in a society's political and economic systems. Reformism as a political tendency and hypothesis of social change grew out of opposition to revolutionary socialism, which contends that revolutionary upheaval is a necessary precondition for the structural changes necessary to transform a capitalist system into a qualitatively different socialist system. Responding to a pejorative conception of reformism as non- transformational, philosopher André Gorz conceived non-reformist reform in 1987 to prioritize human needs over capitalist needs. As a political doctrine, centre-left reformism is distinguished from centre-right or pra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of Christian Socialists
The League of Christian Socialists (, or BCS) was a Dutch Christian socialist political party. Party history The BCS was founded in 1907. In the 1918 elections, the first election with a system of proportional representation and male universal suffrage the threshold for the House of Representatives was relatively low, at just over half of 1% of the vote. Consequently the BCS was elected with only 8000 votes (that is 0.6% of vote). In parliament the party worked together with Socialist Party and the Social Democrat Party (later Communist Party Holland) in the revolutionary parliamentary party. In 1919 the SP MP had left the parliamentary party, disaffected with the cooperation. The BCS representative however embraced the cooperation and left his own party with to join the Communist Party Holland. Some members joined him, while others joined the social-democratic SDAP, a third group continued separately and founded the Christian Democratic Union with the Christian Social Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Social Party (Netherlands)
The Christian Social Party (, CSP) was a Christian socialist political party in the Netherlands. The CSP played a minor role in Dutch politics and is historically linked to the Labour Party. Party history The CSP was founded in 1907 by former members of the conservative reformed Christian Historical Union. In the 1918 general election, the first using a system of proportional representation and universal manhood suffrage, the restriction to get into the House of Representatives was relatively low, one needed more than half of a percent of the vote to be elected. Consequently, the CSP was elected with only 8,000 votes (that is 0.6% of the vote). The CSP MP Adolf van der Laar played a minor role in Dutch politics. In the 1922 general election, the electoral threshold was raised, and the CSP was unable to maintain its seat. In the 1925 general election, the party campaigned as the Protestant People's Party (''Protestantse Volkspartij'', PVP). In 1926, the CSP founded the Christia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Democratic Union (Netherlands)
The Christian Democratic Union (, CDU) was a minor progressive Protestant party in the Netherlands during the interbellum. History The CDU was formed in 1926 as a merger of three even smaller Christian left-wing parties, the Christian Social Party, the Christian Democratic Party and the League of Christian Socialists. It had one seat between 1929 and 1937 and two between 1937 and 1946. The party always was in opposition. It was linked to the minor denomination Reformed Churches in Repaired Union (Dutch: Gereformeerde Kerken in Hersteld Verband), which split from the mainstream Reformed churches, because of its pacifism. The Synod of the reformed church therefore decreed disciplinary measures against members of the CDU. After World War II, the party joined the newly founded Partij van de Arbeid. In the 1950s many members left to join the pacifist PSP because of the relatively right-wing course of the PvdA. Ideology The CDU stood for a just society based on biblical rules. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1925 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 1 July 1925.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1395 The General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations remained the largest party in the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives, winning 30 of the 100 seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1412 Results See also * List of candidates in the 1925 Dutch general election References {{Dutch elections General elections in the Netherlands 1925 elections in Europe, Netherlands 1925 in the Netherlands, General July 1925 in Europe, Netherlands 1925 elections in the Netherlands, General ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 5 July 1922.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1395 They were the first elections held under universal suffrage, which became reality after the acceptance of a proposal by Henri Marchant in 1919 that gave women full voting rights. Almost all major parties had a woman elected. The number of female representatives increased from one to seven. Only the Anti-Revolutionary Party principally excluded women from the House of Representatives. Another amendment to the electoral law increased the electoral threshold from 0.5% to 0.75%,Nohlen & Stöver, p1385 after six parties had won seats with less than 0.75% of the vote in the previous elections. The General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations remained the largest party, increasing from 30 to 32 seats, whilst the Anti-Revolutionary Party increased from 13 to 16 seats, and the Christian Historical Union went from 7 to 11 seats.No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
