Christiaan Persoon
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Christiaan Persoon
Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (31 December 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a Cape Colony mycologist who is recognized as one of the founders of mycological taxonomy. Early life Persoon was born in Cape Colony at the Cape of Good Hope, the third child of an immigrant Pomeranian father, Christiaan Daniel Persoon, and Dutch mother, Wilhelmina Elizabeth Groenwald. His mother died soon after he was born. In 1775, at the age of thirteen, he was sent to Europe for his education. His father died a year later in 1776. Education Initially a student of theology at Halle, Persoon switched his studies to medicine, which he pursued in Leiden and then Göttingen. He received a doctorate from the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher in Erlangen 1799. Later years He moved to Paris by 1803, where he spent the rest of his life, renting the upper floor of a house in a poor part of town. He was apparently unemployed, unmarried, poverty-stricken and a recluse, although he corresponded with bot ...
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Cape Of Good Hope
The Cape of Good Hope ( ) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A List of common misconceptions#Geography, common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa, based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic and Indian Ocean, Indian oceans. In fact, the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about to the east-southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm-water Agulhas current meets the cold-water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanic meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about east of the Cape of Good Hope). When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1487 by Portuguese discoveries, ...
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Mycologia
''Mycologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes papers on all aspects of the fungi, including lichens. It first appeared as a bimonthly journal in January 1909, published by the New York Botanical Garden under the editorship of William Murrill. It became the official journal of the Mycological Society of America Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, ..., which still publishes it today. It was formed as a merger of the ''Journal of Mycology'' (14 volumes; 1885–1908) and the ''Mycological Bulletin'' (7 volumes; 1903–1908). The ''Mycological Bulletin'' was known as the ''Ohio Mycological Bulletin'' in its first volume. Editors The following persons have been editor-in-chief of the journal: The following persons have been executive editors of the journal ...
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Persoonia
''Persoonia'', commonly known as geebungs or snottygobbles, is a genus of about one hundred species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Plants in the genus ''Persoonia'' are shrubs or small trees usually with smooth bark, simple leaves and usually yellow flowers arranged along a raceme, each flower with a leaf or scale leaf at the base. The fruit is a drupe. Description Persoonias are usually shrubs, sometimes small trees and usually have smooth bark. The adult leaves are Leaf#Divisions of the blade, simple, usually arranged alternately but sometimes in opposite pairs, or in Whorl (botany), whorls of three or four. If a Petiole (botany), petiole is present, it is short. The flowers are arranged singly or in racemes, usually of a few flowers, either in leaf wikt:axil, axils or on the ends of the branches. Sometimes the raceme continues to grow into a leafy shoot. The tepals are free from each other except near their base, have their tips rolled back and are usually y ...
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Species Description
A species description is a formal scientific description of a newly encountered species, typically articulated through a scientific publication. Its purpose is to provide a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been previously described or related species. For a species to be considered valid, a species description must follow established guidelines and naming conventions dictated by relevant nomenclature codes. These include the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals, the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) for plants, and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for viruses. A species description often includes photographs or other illustrations of type material and information regarding where this material is deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million ...
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Royal Swedish Academy Of Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences () is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for promoting natural sciences and mathematics and strengthening their influence in society, whilst endeavouring to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines. The goals of the academy are: * To be a forum where researchers meet across subject boundaries, * To offer a unique environment for research, * To provide support to younger researchers, * To reward outstanding research efforts, * To communicate internationally among scientists, * To advance the case for science within society and to influence research policy priorities * To stimulate interest in mathematics and science in school, and * To disseminate and popularize scientific information in various forms. Every year, the academy awards the Nobel Prizes in Nobel Prize in Physics, phy ...
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Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré
Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (September 4, 1789 – January 16, 1854) was a French botanist. Biography Gaudichaud was born in Angoulême, to J-J. Gaudichaud and Rose (Mallat) Gaudichaud. He studied pharmacology informally at Cognac and Angoulême, and then under Robiquet in Paris, where he acquired a knowledge of botany from Desfontaines and Louis Richard. In April 1810, he was appointed pharmacist in the military marine, and from July 1811 to the end of 1814, he served in Antwerp. He also studied chemistry and herbology. His greatest claim to fame was serving as botanist on a circumglobal expedition from 1817 to 1820. He accompanied Freycinet, who made the expedition on the ships ''Uranie'' and ''Physicienne''. The wreck of the ''Uranie'' in the Falkland Islands, at the close of 1819, deprived him of more than half the botanical collections he had made in various parts of the world. He is also known for his collections in Australia. In 1831, Gaudichaud sailed on ''L'Hermini ...
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Polypore
Polypores, also called bracket or shelf fungi, are a morphological group of basidiomycete-like gilled mushrooms and hydnoid fungi that form large fruiting bodies called conks, which are typically woody, circular, shelf- or bracket-shaped, with pores or tubes on the underside. Conks lie in a close planar grouping of separate or interconnected horizontal rows. Brackets can range from only a single row of a few caps, to dozens of rows of caps that can weigh several hundred pounds. They are mainly found on trees (living and dead) and coarse woody debris, and may resemble mushrooms. Some form annual fruiting bodies while others are perennial and grow larger year after year. Bracket fungi are typically tough and sturdy and produce their spores, called basidiospores, within the pores that typically make up the undersurface. Most polypores inhabit tree trunks or branches consuming the wood, but some soil-inhabiting species form mycorrhiza with trees. Polypores and the related co ...
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Gasteromycetes
The gasteroid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota. Species were formerly placed in the obsolete class Gasteromycetes Fr. (literally "stomach fungi"), or the equally obsolete order Gasteromycetales Rea, because they produce spores inside their basidiocarps (fruit bodies) rather than on an outer surface. However, the class is polyphyletic, as such species—which include puffballs, earthballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's nest fungi, and false truffles—are not closely related to each other. Because they are often studied as a group, it has been convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "gasteroid fungi". History Several gasteroid fungi—such as the stinkhorn, ''Phallus impudicus'' L.—were formally described by Carl Linnaeus in his original ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753, but the first critical treatment of the group was by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in his ''Synopsis methodica fungorum'' of 1801. Until 1981, this book was the s ...
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Ustilaginales
The Ustilaginales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contained 8 families, 49 genera, and 851 species in 2008. In 2011, monotypic family Pericladiaceae holding just '' Pericladium'' (with 3 species) was added. Also family Cintractiellaceae was later placed in a monotypic order Cintractiellales in 2020. ''Ustinaginales'' is also known and classified as the smut fungi. They are serious plant pathogens, with only the dikaryotic stage being obligately parasitic. Morphology Has a thick-walled resting spore (teliospore), known as the "brand" (burn) spore or chlamydospore. Economic importance They can infect corn plants (''Zea mays'') producing tumor-like galls that render the ears unsaleable. This ''corn smut'', is also known as huitlacoche and sold canned for consumption in Latin America. Sexual reproduction Almost all ''Ustilaginales'' species share a dimorphic life cycle that includes an asexual, saprophitic yeast-like stage and a f ...
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Graphis (lichen)
''Graphis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Historically, ''Graphis'' was used as a broad category for species with colourless, transversely septate ascospores within the Graphidaceae. However, with advances in genetic research, this classification has become more refined. As a result, species previously classified under '' Graphina'' have been re-assigned to ''Allographa'' or ''Graphis''. The species complex around '' Graphis scripta'' has also been recognised, leading to the identification of several new species, many of which may have been previously overlooked. Description Genus ''Graphis'' includes crustose lichens, which have a crust-like appearance that can range from being fully embedded in the substrate to sitting on the surface. The lichen's symbiotic partner, or , is green algae from the genus '' Trentepohlia''. The (fruiting bodies) of ''Graphis'' can also be immersed or superficial. These structures are typically elongated, resembli ...
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Ascomata
An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body (sporocarp (fungi), sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded ascus, asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the ot ...
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