Choloki
The Choloki ( ka, ჩოლოქი, also Cholok) in Georgia (country), Georgia forms the border between the autonomous province of Ajaria and the province of Guria. For a time in the 19th century it formed the border between Turkey and Imperial Russia. History During the Crimean War the Turks crossed it in 1853 and were driven back the following year during the Battle of Choloki. Another Battle of Choloki (1918), military episode took place on April 16, 1918, when the Georgian National Guard under General-Lieutenant Giorgi Mazniashvili repelled a Turkish invasion force. The bridge over Choloki river that was a main road link between Ajaria and the rest of Georgia was blown up on May 2, 2004, by the ousted leadership of the Autonomy. Ajarian leader Aslan Abashidze called the decision to blow up the bridges in the Kobuleti border region "a preventive measure against the possible attempt of military action by the central Georgian authorities." References {{Rivers of Ge ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Battle Of Choloki (1918)
The Battle of Choloki was a battle between the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian Commissariat, Transcaucasian troops on the Caucasus campaign, Caucasian front of the World War I. Background On March 3, 1918, between Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia and German Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans and Bulgaria, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Brest-Litovsk Armistice Agreement was signed, according to which Russia withdrew from the World War I. According to the truce, Russia had to give Batumi and Kars districts to the Ottoman Empire. At that time South Caucasus, Transcaucasia was actually independent from the RSFSR and was governed by Transcaucasian Seim, Transcaucasia Seim and Transcaucasian Commissariat, Transcaucasia Commissariat, although it had not declared independence. The Ottoman Empire demanded the surrender of the territories belonging to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk from the Transcaucasian government as well. The Seim tried to solve the probl ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Battle Of Choloki
The Battle of Choloki took place on 4 June 1854 on the outskirts of village Kakuti in Guria during the Crimean War. Background In May 1854, Ottoman troops launched an offensive against Georgia. A detachment of 12 thousand under the command of Mehmed Pasha invaded Georgia, intending to capture Kutaisi and go to the rear of the Russian army in the Caucasus. However, in the Battle of Nigoiti detachment of Hassan was defeated by vanguard of Akhaltsikhe detachment of Colonel Nikolai Eristov Hassan himself was killed. The remnants of the Ottoman troops fled to Ozurgeti, where the Ottonans concentrated Mehmed Pasha's corps. Battle Having received a report of the victory at Nigoiti, Ivane Andronikashvili moved with the main forces of his detachment on 29 May, from Marani to Ozurgeti. Ottomans not waiting for the approach of Russian troops, threw in Ozurgeti large stocks of food and retreated behind the Choloki river. General Andronikashvili, having had time to gather at the tra ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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2004 Adjara Crisis
The Adjara crisis (), also known as the Adjarian Revolution or the Second Rose Revolution, was a political crisis in Georgia's Adjaran Autonomous Republic, then led by Aslan Abashidze, who refused to obey the central authorities after President Eduard Shevardnadze's ouster during the Rose Revolution of November 2003. The crisis threatened to develop into military confrontation as both sides mobilized their forces at the internal border. However, Georgia's post-revolutionary government of President Mikheil Saakashvili managed to avoid bloodshed and with the help of Adjaran opposition reasserted its supremacy. Abashidze left the region in exile in May 2004 and was succeeded by Levan Varshalomidze. Tensions Adjaran leader Aslan Abashidze, being in strong opposition to the Rose Revolution, declared a state of emergency immediately after Eduard Shevardnadze's ousting on November 23, 2003. Following negotiations with central authorities, the state of emergency was temporarily cance ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Ochkhamuri (river)
The Ochkhamuri ( ka, ოჩხამური) is a river in Adjara, Georgia, a left tributary to the Choloki. Its length is 21,4 km and the area of basin is 65,2 km.2 The townlet of the same name is located on the banks of the river. The archaeological complex of Pichvnari lies at the confluence of the Choloki and the Ochkhamuri, near the Black Sea coast. Both rivers flow through the area which was home to a rich Bronze Age culture of Colchis In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis (; ) was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi ( ka, ეგრისი) located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia. Its population, the .... See also * Ochkhamuri References Rivers of Georgia (country) Geography of Adjara {{Georgia-river-stub ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Giorgi Mazniashvili
Giorgi Mazniashvili ( ka, გიორგი მაზნიაშვილი) (6 April 1871 – 9 September 1937) was a Georgian general and one of the most prominent military figures in the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Early life and education Mazniashvili was born on 6 April 1871 in the village Sasireti, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire (present day Kaspi Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia). Having taken a proper military education, he was later promoted to colonel of the Russian army. Career Wounded in the Russo-Japanese War, he was visited at a hospital by the Tsar Nicholas II, who awarded him Saint George's Cross and invited to the palace. He fought also on the battlefields of World War I, but returned to Georgia after the February Revolution in 1917. He formed two national divisions and secured the capital Tbilisi from the chaotically retreating and increasingly Bolshevik Russian soldiers. In April 1918, on the basis of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the T ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Second French Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont from October 1853 to February 1856. Geopolitical causes of the war included the "Eastern question" (Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the "sick man of Europe"), expansion of Imperial Russia in the preceding Russo-Turkish wars, and the British and French preference to preserve the Ottoman Empire to maintain the European balance of power, balance of power in the Concert of Europe. The flashpoint was a dispute between France and Russia over the rights of Catholic Church, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox minorities in Palestine (region), Palestine. After the Sublime Porte refused Nicholas I of Russia, Tsar Nicholas I's demand that the Empire's Orthodox subjects were to be placed unde ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Natanebi
The Natanebi ( ka, ნატანები) is a river in western Georgia, located in the region of Guria. It originates on the northern slope of the Meskheti Range, at an altitude of 2,548 m above sea level. It flows into the Black Sea near Shekvetili. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The Natanebi corresponds to the ancient River Isis, described by Greek historian Arrian of Nicomedia in his ''Periplus of the Euxine Sea The ''Periplus of the Euxine Sea'' (Koine Greek: Περίπλους τοῦ Εὐξείνου Πόντου, ', ) is a periplus or guidebook detailing the destinations visitors would encounter when traveling about the shore of the Black Sea (kn ...''.Arrian, William Falconer, and Thomas Falconer. ''Arrian's Voyage Round the Euxine Sea Translated; And Accompanied with a Geographical Dissertation, and Maps''. Oxford: J. Cook, 1805. References Geography of Guria Rivers of Georgia (country) Tributaries of the Black Sea {{Georgia-river-stu ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Rivers Of Georgia (country)
List of rivers of Georgia may refer to: * List of rivers of Georgia (country), a list of rivers of the country of Georgia * List of rivers of Georgia (U.S. state), a list of rivers of the American state of Georgia {{geodis ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Kobuleti
Kobuleti ( ka, ქობულეთი, ) is a town in Adjara, western Georgia (country), Georgia, situated on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. It is the seat of Kobuleti Municipality and a seaside resort. It was known as ''Çürüksu'' during Ottoman Empire, Ottoman rule.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/188259 Çürüksu Kazası (District of Çürüksu) Kodaman, B and İpek, N. (1992), On Dokuz Mayıs University Education Faculty Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 103-124 Geography The city is situated in the south-western part of Georgia (country), Georgia, i.e. the northern part of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara. It borders with Ozurgeti Region to the north. The Regional centre is Kobuleti City, which stretches along the Black Sea shore. After the civil wars of 1990–1993, the once sophisticated sanatoriums remained abandoned and plundered until 2004. In the meantime Kobuleti has developed into an upscale tourist center again. Kobuleti Region consists of one mu ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Aslan Abashidze
Aslan Abashidze ( ka, ასლან აბაშიძე; born 20 July 1938) is the former leader of the Ajarian Autonomous Republic in western Georgia. He served in this capacity from 18 August 1991 to 5 May 2004. He resigned under the pressure of the central Georgian government and mass opposition rallies during the 2004 Adjara crisis, and has since lived in Moscow, Russia. On 22 January 2007, the Batumi city court found him guilty of misuse of office and embezzlement of GEL 98.2 million in state funds, and sentenced him to 15 years' imprisonment ''in absentia''. He also faces a charge of murder of his former deputy, Nodar Imnadze, in 1991.Ex-Adjarian Leader Sentenced to Prison in Absentia. Civil Georgia. January 22, 2007. Early life and career Abashidze was born into a r ...[...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |