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Chinko River
The Chinko River (or Shinko River) is a river of the Central African Republic. It is a right tributary of the Mbomou River. Environment The upper reaches of the Chinko river define the border between the Haute-Kotto and Haut-Mbomou prefectures. For most of its length it flows in a SSW direction through Mbomou prefecture to its convergence with the Mbomou River. The Mbomou plateau has an elevation of , slightly inclined to the south, on the Asande rise between the Lake Chad depression to the north and the Congo Basin to the south. The Chinko Nature Reserve is a protected area in the Chinko River basin. It covers . It is managed by the nonprofit conservation organization African Parks as part of a fifty-year public–private partnership with the Ministry of Water, Forest, Hunting and Fishing. African wild dogs have been documented in the south of the CAR in the Chinko/ Mbari drainage basin in 2013. History Around 1800 Kassanga, a Bandia leader, founded a kingdom in the Shinko val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public–private Partnership
A public–private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a long-term arrangement between a government and private sector institutions.Hodge, G. A and Greve, C. (2007), Public–Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review, Public Administration Review, 2007, Vol. 67(3), pp. 545–558 Typically, it involves private capital financing government projects and services up-front, and then drawing revenues from taxpayers and/or users over the course of the PPP contract. Public–private partnerships have been implemented in multiple countries and are primarily used for infrastructure projects. They have been employed for building, equipping, operating and maintaining schools, hospitals, transport systems, and water and sewerage systems. Cooperation between private actors, corporations and governments has existed since the inception of sovereign states, notably for the purpose of tax collection and colonization. However, contemporary "public-private partnerships" came into be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virginia Quarterly Review
The ''Virginia Quarterly Review'' is a quarterly literary magazine that was established in 1925 by James Southall Wilson, at the request of University of Virginia president E. A. Alderman. This ''"National Journal of Literature and Discussion"'' includes poetry, fiction, book reviews, essays, photography, and comics. History In 1915, President Alderman announced his intentions to create a university publication that would be "an organ of liberal opinion": He appealed to financial backers of the university for financial contributions, and over the next nine years an endowment was raised to fund the publication while it became established. Alderman announced the establishment of ''The Virginia Quarterly Review'' in the fall of 1924, saying it would provide: The inaugural issue was released in the spring of 1925, and the 160-page volume featured writing by Gamaliel Bradford, Archibald Henderson, Luigi Pirandello, Witter Bynner, William Cabell Bruce, among two dozen other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théodore Nilis
Théodore Victor Edouard Adolphe Arthur Nilis (27 June 1851 – 23 April 1905) was a Belgian soldier and colonial official. Early years (1851–1881) Théodore Victor Edouard Adolphe Arthur Nilis was born in Brilow, Westphalia, on 27 June 1851. His parents were Adolphe Nilis, a Belgian, and Amélie Hesse. On 1 October 1879 Nilis enrolled in the Military School, and on 8 April 1872 he was named sub-lieutenant. He entered the War School in 1875, and three years later graduated with a ''brevet d'état-major''. First tour in the Congo (1881–1883) Nilis resigned from the army in February 1881, but was reinstated a few months later so he could serve in Africa for the Comité d'Etudes du Haut-Congo. He embarked at Liverpool on 1 February 1882, accompanied by Captain Edmond Hanssens and Lieutenant Nicolas Grang. They arrived at Banana on 12 March 1882. Nilis was appointed second in command at the Manyanga post, where Lieutenant Victor Harou was commander. When he arrived in Vivi h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Hanolet
Léon-Charles-Édouard Hanolet (25 November 1859 – 1 December 1908) was a Belgian soldier, explorer and colonial administrator. He is known for his explorations in 1894–1895 in what is now the Central African Republic, which led to an agreement between France and Belgium that the Ubangi-Mbomou rivers would form the boundary between their territories. He defended the Lado Enclave against the retreating Mahdist forces in 1898. Early years (1859–1888) Léon-Charles-Édouard Hanolet was born in Mehaigne, Éghezée, Namur, Belgium on 25 November 1859. He made his career as a soldier. He enlisted in the 6th line regiment. On 25 June 1883 he was appointed second lieutenant in the 13th line regiment. In 1888 he volunteered to serve in the Congo Free State. First Congo tour: Zongo (1888–1891) Hanolet embarked for Africa on 17 June 1888. Henri Avaert arrived in Boma on 21 September 1888, where he assumed command of the '' Force Publique'' from Léon Roget. He was assisted by lieu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Rafai
Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty (i.e., not having dependence on any higher ruler) without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic", and the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate ( '. The term is distinct from king ( '), despite both referring to a sovereign ruler. The use of "sultan" is restricted to Muslim countries, where the title carries religious significance, contrasting the more secular ''king'', which is used in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Brunei and Oman are the only independent countries which retain the tit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mbari River
The Mbari River is a river of the Central African Republic. It is a right tributary of the Mbomou River not far to the north of where the Mbomou joins the Uele River to form the Ubangi River. Environment The Mbari River is the main drainage axis of the Mbomou plateau. It is about long, running in a NE-SW direction through a wide alluvial plain. It drains a catchment area of . The plateau has an elevation of , slightly inclined to the south, on the Asande rise between the Lake Chad depression to the north and the Congo Basin to the south. A study published in 2002 found signs that forest plants were replacing savanna vegetation in the Mbari valley, in part due to sufficient annual rainfall, reduced frequency of bush fires and migration of rural people away from the region due to the economic crisis in Central Africa. African wild dogs have been documented in the south of the CAR in the Chinko/Mbari drainage basin in 2013. History The Bandia clan separated from the Abaza clan i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African Wild Dog
The African wild dog (''Lycaon pictus''), also called the painted dog or Cape hunting dog, is a wild canine which is a native species to sub-Saharan Africa. It is the largest wild canine in Africa, and the only extant member of the genus '' Lycaon'', which is distinguished from '' Canis'' by dentition highly specialised for a hypercarnivorous diet, and by a lack of dewclaws. It is estimated that about 6,600 adults (including 1,400 mature individuals) live in 39 subpopulations that are all threatened by habitat fragmentation, human persecution, and outbreaks of disease. As the largest subpopulation probably comprises fewer than 250 individuals, the African wild dog has been listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1990. The species is a specialised diurnal hunter of antelopes, which it catches by chasing them to exhaustion. Its natural enemies are lions and spotted hyenas: the former will kill the dogs where possible, whilst hyenas are frequent kleptoparasites. Like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African Parks
African Parks is a non-governmental organization (NGO) focused on conservation, established in 2000 and headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was founded as the African Parks Management and Finance Company, a private company, then underwent structural changes to become an NGO called African Parks Foundation, and later renamed African Parks Network. The organization manages national parks and protected areas throughout Africa, in collaboration with governments and surrounding communities. African Parks manages 18 protected areas in 11 countries as of August 2020, and employs more than 1,100 rangers. Michael Eustace, Peter Fearnhead, Paul Fentener van Vlissingen, Anthony Hall-Martin, and Mavuso Msimang are credited as co-founders; Fearnhead continues to serve as chief executive officer. Prince Harry was appointed African Parks' president in late 2017. Overview The Johannesburg-based nonprofit conservation organization African Parks manages national parks and protected are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mbomou River
The Mbomou River or Bomu (also spelled M'bomou in French) forms part of the boundary between the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Mbomou merges with the Uele River to form the Ubangi River. The Ubangi, a tributary of the Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ..., also serves as part of the border between the CAR and the DRC. Gallery File:Forward, forward.jpg, Man on the Mbomou river, between Bangassou and Ndu References Further reading * * External links * Rivers of the Central African Republic Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Central African Republic–Democratic Republic of the Congo border International rivers of Africa Border rivers Tributaries of the Ubangi River {{DRCongo-ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinko Nature Reserve
Chinko, also known as Chinko Nature Reserve and the Chinko Project Area, is a protected area in the Central African Republic. The nonprofit conservation organization African Parks began managing Chinko in partnership with the government of the Central African Republic in December 2014. Description and terrain Chinko is a 5.9 million hectare (or nearly 7,000 square miles) protected area in the southeastern part of the Central African Republic, managed by the nonprofit conservation organization African Parks as part of a fifty-year public–private partnership with the Ministry of Water, Forest, Hunting and Fishing. African Parks began managing Chinko in December 2014, becoming the eighth park to be included in the organization's management portfolio. David Simpson, who co-founded the project, serves as the park's manager. Chinko is located on a volcanic plateau, above sea level. Rain and other freshwater sources are plentiful, and Precambrian bedrock erosion has created a layer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Chad
Lake Chad (french: Lac Tchad) is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Central Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries. According to the ''Global Resource Information Database'' of the United Nations Environment Programme, it shrank by as much as 95% from about 1963 to 1998. The lowest area was in 1986, at , but "the 2007 (satellite) image shows significant improvement over previous years." Lake Chad is economically important, providing water to more than 30 million people living in the four countries surrounding it (Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria) on the central part of the Sahel. It is the largest lake in the Chad Basin. Geography and hydrology The freshwater lake is located in the Sahelian zone of West-central Africa. It is located in the interior basin which used to be occupied by a much larger ancient sea sometimes called Mega Chad. The lake is historically ranked as one of the largest lakes in Africa. Its surface area varies by season as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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