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China Government Guidance Fund
A China Government Guidance Fund (Guidance Fund) is an investment vehicle set up as a public–private partnership that aims to further industrial policy goals of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It may either invest directly in companies or tangible projects, or invest indirectly by investing in other investment funds (known as sub-funds) through a fund of funds approach. The typical government guidance fund operates as a fund of funds. Background In the mid-1990s, the PRC government began promoting industrial investment funds which were the predecessor of guidance funds. The PRC government set up guidance funds to provide support entrepreneurship and technological innovation of but not limited to Startup Companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. These funds raise money from both public and private sources and make investments consistent with government priorities such as artificial intelligence, emerging technologies, biomedicine, aerospace, or semiconduct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public–private Partnership
A public–private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a long-term arrangement between a government and private sector institutions.Hodge, G. A and Greve, C. (2007), Public–Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review, Public Administration Review, 2007, Vol. 67(3), pp. 545–558 Typically, it involves private capital financing government projects and services up-front, and then drawing revenues from taxpayers and/or users over the course of the PPP contract. Public–private partnerships have been implemented in multiple countries and are primarily used for infrastructure projects. They have been employed for building, equipping, operating and maintaining schools, hospitals, transport systems, and water and sewerage systems. Cooperation between private actors, corporations and governments has existed since the inception of sovereign states, notably for the purpose of tax collection and colonization. However, contemporary "public-private partnerships" came into be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Finance Of The People's Republic Of China
The Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China () is the cabinet-level executive department of the State Council which administers macroeconomic policies and the annual budget. It also handles fiscal policy, economic regulations and government expenditure for the state. The ministry also records and publishes annual macroeconomic data on China's economy. This includes information such as previous economic growth rates in China, central government debt and borrowing and many other indicators regarding the economy of Mainland China. The Ministry of Finance's remit is smaller than its counterparts in many other states. Macroeconomic management is primarily handled by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). State-owned industries are the responsibility of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and there are separate regulators for banking, insurance and securities. It also does not handle regulation of the mone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Fund For Technology Transfer And Commercialisation
The National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation (NFTTC; ), is a China Government Guidance Fund. The fund aims to support the government and public institutions in the commercialization process of their scientific findings and new technologies. Using a fund of funds approach, it invests into multiple sub-funds which in turn invests in enterprises and projects. History In 2011, the Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Finance established the outline and framework for the NFTTC as a way to support China's National Medium and Long-Term program for Science and Technology Development (2006–2020) plan. In 2014, the NFTTC was launched to transform research projects into business ventures. In 2015, it invested 1 billion yuan (US$145 million) in establishing three venture capital funds. In November 2021, ''Securities Times'' reported that there would be major revisions to the direction and management of the NFTTC so it would become more marke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Reform Holdings Corporation
The China Reform Holdings Corporation (CRHC; ), is a Chinese state-owned investment holding company. The company's purpose is to make investments in industries related to the national security and economy of China. In June 2022, ''Private Equity International'' ranked China Reform Fund Management, the private equity arm of CRHC as the largest private equity firm in Asia-Pacific based on total fundraising over the most recent five-year period. As of August 2022, CRHC had invested in 163 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on Chinese stock exchanges with 75% of them being in strategic emerging industries. Background On 22 December 2010, the SASAC established CRHC with an initial registered capital of 4.5 billion yuan ($676.5 million). It was originally set up to speed up the restructuring of smaller and noncompetitive SOEs by providing capital and helping with share sales. Xie Qihua who was previously Chairwomen of Baowu and Head of the China Iron and Steel Associa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Internet Investment Fund
The China Internet Investment Fund (CIIF; ), is a China Government Guidance Fund. The fund focuses on the internet sector including cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other services that are in line with national strategies and help develop the digital economy of China. Notable companies that the fund has golden share ownership in include ByteDance, Sina Corporation, SenseTime and Kuaishou. Background On 22 January 2017, CIIF was established as a 100 billion yuan fund by the Cyberspace Administration of China and Ministry of Finance to support investments in the internet sector. An initial 30 billion yuan funding came from firms including ICBC, China Mobile, China Unicom and CITIC Guoan Group. ICBC, China Development Bank and Agricultural Bank of China would provide financial services and a 150 billion yuan line of credit. The aim of the fund was to turn China into a major player in internet technology and to facilitate Premie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China-Africa Development Fund
The China-Africa Development Fund, more commonly known as CAD Fund, is a Chinese private equity fund solely funded by China Development Bank, a Chinese government policy bank. The aim of the fund is to stimulate investment in Africa by Chinese companies in power generation, transportation infrastructure, natural resources, manufacturing, and other sectors. History The creation of CAD Fund was announced as one of the "Eight Measures" for Sino-African relations at the Beijing summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) by President Hu Jintao on November 4, 2006. It was established in June 2007 with US$1 billion of initial funding by the China Development Bank and is envisioned to grow to US$5 billion in the future. The fund entered into its second round of fundraising in May 2010 to raise US$2 billion. In 2015, China announced its plan to expand the CAD fund to $10 billion. Investments The fund's primary purpose is foster Sino-African investment through bridging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund
The China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund (ICF; ), also known as the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund and the Big Fund (), is a China Government Guidance Fund. The fund aims to help China reach its national goal of achieving self-sufficiency in the semiconductor industry (as part of the Made in China 2025 plan) by investing in domestic semiconductor companies. It has played a significant role with regards to the semiconductor industry in China by funding companies such as SMIC, Hua Hong Semiconductor, and YMTC. The fund has three phases respectively, with Big Fund I (2014 to 2019) and Big Fund II (2019 to 2024), and Big Fund III (2024 to 2039). The fund's management company is Sino IC Capital. History Preparation In June 2014, the State Council of the People's Republic of China proposed in the National Integrated Circuit Industry Development Guidelines that a national investment fund should be set up to provide focused support for the devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Under Xi Jinping
Xi Jinping succeeded Hu Jintao as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012, and later in 2016 was proclaimed the CCP's 4th leadership core, following Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and Jiang Zemin. The name Xi Jinping administration is officially called the "Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary" () from 2012 to 2016, and "Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the Core" () since 2016. Xi's political ideas and principles, known as Xi Jinping Thought, have been incorporated into the party and national constitutions. As the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the PRC, Xi has centralized institutional power by taking on multiple positions, including new CCP committees on national security, economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the Internet. He and the CCP Central Committee passed a historical resolution in November 2021. His rule is often described as an author ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden. Its programme includes textbooks, journals, monographs, professional and reference works in print and online. It maintains offices in London, New York, Shanghai, Melbourne, Sydney, Hong Kong, Delhi, and Johannesburg. Palgrave Macmillan was created in 2000 when St. Martin's Press in the US united with Macmillan Publishers in the UK to combine their worldwide academic publishing operations. The company was known simply as Palgrave until 2002, but has since been known as Palgrave Macmillan. It is a subsidiary of Springer Nature. Until 2015, it was part of the Macmillan Group and therefore wholly owned by the German publishing company Holtzbrinck Publishing Group (which still owns a controlling interest in Springer Nature). As part of Macmillan, it was headquartered at the Macmillan campus in Kings Cross London with other Macmillan companies including Pan Macmi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Council Of The People's Republic Of China
The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the premier and includes each cabinet-level executive department's executive chief. Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, one executive vice premier, three other vice premiers, five state councilors (of whom three are also ministers and one is also the secretary-general), and 26 in charge of the Council's constituent departments. The State Council directly oversees provincial-level People's Governments, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the CCP. Aside from very few non-CCP ministers, members of the State Council are also members of the CCP's Central Committee. Organization The State Council meets every six months. Between meetings it is guided by a (Executive Meeting) that meets weekly. The standin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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