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Chilotherium
''Chilotherium'' is an extinct genus of rhinocerotids lived in Africa and Eurasia during the Miocene through Pliocene living for 13.7—3.4 mya, existing for approximately .. Retrieved 19 May 2013. Description It was a large, robust animal reaching 1.5-1.8 m in height and a weight between 1 and 2.5 tons, depending on the species. Both sexes are hornless. The lower jaw has a widened symphysial part and large tusk-like second incisors separated by a broad diastema. The dental formula is . The limbs are very short and the body stout; the feet are tridactyl with diverging metapodials. At least in ''C. wimani'', there is a significant sexual dimorphism in the tusks and mandible, most notably the length of the tusks in males. Some features in ''Chilotherium'', such as second incisors, mandible, cheek-teeth and other cranial features, may be plesiomorphic, while some features in the tusks are apomorphic: the dorsal surface of the tusks in primitive species is turned latero-dors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinocerotid
A rhinoceros ( ; ; ; : rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant taxon, extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls) in the family (biology), family Rhinocerotidae; it can also refer to a member of any of the extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea. Two of the extant species are native to Africa, and three to South Asia, South and Southeast Asia. Rhinoceroses are some of the largest remaining megafauna: all weigh over half a tonne in adulthood. They have a herbivore, herbivorous diet, small brains for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick , protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a crystal structure, lattice structure. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their colon (anatomy), hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acerorhinus
''Acerorhinus'' is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid of the tribe Aceratheriini endemic to Asia from the Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ..., living from 13.6 to 7.0 mya existing for approximately . Among other locations, well-preserved ''Acerorhinus'' skull specimens have been found at Kerassiá in North Eubonea, Greece. Taxonomy ''Acerorhinus'' was named by Kretzoi (1942). Its type is ''Aceratherium zernowi''. Originally, many species in this genus including ''A. zernowi'' were assigned to '' Chilotherium''. It was assigned to Aceratheriini by Kaya and Heissig (2001); and to Aceratheriini by Antoine and Saraç (2005). Description ''Acerorhinus'' had very short legs, more like '' Teleoceras'' than other Aceratherines. While most other Aceratherines were g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aceratheriini
Aceratheriinae is an extinct subfamily of rhinoceros endemic to Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America, from the Oligocene through the Pliocene. It lived from 33.9 to 3.4 mya, existing for approximately . Taxonomy Aceratheriinae was named by Dollo (1885). It was assigned to Rhinocerotida by Codrea (1992); and to Rhinocerotidae by Prothero (1998), Antoine et al. (2000), Kaya and Heissig (2001), Sach and Heizmann (2001) and Deng (2005).P.-O. Antoine, C. Bulot, and L. Ginsburg. 2000. Une faune rare de rhinocérotidés (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) dan le Miocène inférieur de Pellecahus (Gers, France). Geobios 33(2):249-255 The following genera are recognized as valid: *'' Aceratherium'' *''Acerorhinus'' *''Alicornops'' *'' Aphelops'' *'' Aprotodon'' *'' Brachydiceratherium'' *'' Brachypotherium'' *''Chilotherium'' *'' Diaceratherium'' *'' Dromoceratherium'' *'' Floridaceras'' *'' Galushaceras'' *'' Hoploaceratherium'' *''Mesaceratherium ''Mesaceratherium'' is an extinct genu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratotherium
''Ceratotherium'' (from Greek: ''keras'' κέρας "horn" and ''thērion'' θηρίον "beast") is a genus within the family Rhinocerotidae. It comprises one living species, the white rhinoceros (''Ceratotherium simum''), and several extinct fossil species that trace its evolutionary lineage. Taxonomy and evolution The genus ''Ceratotherium'' belongs to the tribe Dicerotini (also spelled Diceroti) or subtribe Dicerotina, indicating a closer evolutionary relationship to the genus '' Diceros'' (which includes the black rhinoceros) than to other extant rhinoceros genera. The evolutionary history of ''Ceratotherium'' includes several recognized and debated fossil species: * '' Ceratotherium mauritanicum'': An extinct species known from the Pleistocene of North Africa. Some Pliocene East African remains, alternatively attributed by some authors to ''Ceratotherium efficax'', are sometimes included in ''C. mauritanicum''. Depending on the inclusion of these East African materials, ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and recover. As a species' potential Range (biology), range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxon, Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the Fossil, fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. Over five billion species are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryotes globally, possibly many times more if microorganisms are included. Notable extinct animal species include Dinosaur, non-avian dinosaurs, Machairodontinae, saber-toothed cats, and mammoths. Through evolution, species arise through the process of specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paratethys
The Paratethys sea, Paratethys ocean, Paratethys realm or just Paratethys (meaning "beside Tethys"), was a large shallow inland sea that covered much of mainland Europe and parts of western Asia during the middle to late Cenozoic, from the late Paleogene to the late Neogene, and is regarded as the largest inland sea in history. At its greatest extent, it stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Paratethys formed about 34 Mya (million years ago) at the beginning of the Oligocene epoch, when the northern region of the Tethys Ocean (Peri-Tethys) was separated from the Mediterranean region of the Tethys realm due to the formation of the Alps, Carpathians, Dinarides, Taurus and Elburz mountains. Paratethys was at times reconnected with the Tethys or its successors (the Mediterranean Sea or the Indian Ocean) during the Oligocene and the early and middle Miocene times, but at the onset of the late Miocene epoch, the tecton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hispanotherium
''Hispanotherium'' is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid of the tribe Elasmotheriini endemic to Europe and Asia during the Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ... living from 16—7.25 mya existing for approximately . Taxonomy ''Hispanotherium'' was erected by Crusafont and Villalta (1947) for the nominal species ''"Rhinoceros" matritense''. The Asian form ''Huaqingtherium'' was once assigned to ''Hispanotherium'', but was eventually recognized as distinct. Palaeoecology ''H. beonense'' is suggested to have been a mixed feeder as evidenced by its dental microwear and mesowear. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q290303 Miocene rhinoceroses Miocene mammals of Europe Prehistoric rhinoceroses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siwalik
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas. The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture. Geography The Sivalik Hills are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is wide with an average elevation of . Between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam is a gap of about . They are well known for their Neogene and Pleistocene aged vertebrate fossils. Geology Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to the Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas to their north; they are poorly consolidated. The sedimentary rocks comprising the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
