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Chief (heraldry)
In heraldic blazon, a chief is a charge on a coat of arms that takes the form of a band running horizontally across the top edge of the shield. Writers disagree in how much of the shield's surface is to be covered by the chief, ranging from one-fourth to one-third. The former is more likely if the chief is ''uncharged'', that is, if it does not have other objects placed on it. If ''charged'', the chief is typically wider to allow room for the objects drawn there. The chief is one of the ordinaries in heraldry, along with the bend, chevron, fess, and pale. There are several other ordinaries and sub-ordinaries. Variations of chief The chief may bear charges and may also be subject to variations of the partition lines. It cannot, however, be ''cotised''. The chief may be combined with another ordinary, such as a pale or a saltire, but is almost never surmounted by another ordinary. The chief will normally be superimposed over a bordure, orle and tressure, if they share the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Demo
Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boat, the senior enlisted sailor on a U.S. Navy submarine * Chief petty officer, a non-commissioned officer or equivalent in many navies * Chief warrant officer, a military rank Other titles * Chief ''x'' officer, a corporate title in the c-suite * Chief of the Name, head of a family or clan in Ireland and Scotland * Chief engineer, the most senior licensed mariner of an engine department on a ship, typically a merchant ship * Chief mate, or Chief officer, the highest senior officer in the deck department on a merchant vessel * Chief of staff, the leader of a complex organization * Fire chief, top rank in a fire department * Scottish clan chief, the head of a Scottish clan * Tribal chief, a leader of a tribal form of government * Chief, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity. Associated with great social change in most fields and disciplines, including Renaissance art, art, Renaissance architecture, architecture, politics, Renaissance literature, literature, Renaissance exploration, exploration and Science in the Renaissance, science, the Renaissance was first centered in the Republic of Florence, then spread to the Italian Renaissance, rest of Italy and later throughout Europe. The term ''rinascita'' ("rebirth") first appeared in ''Lives of the Artists'' () by Giorgio Vasari, while the corresponding French word was adopted into English as the term for this period during the 1830s. The Renaissance's intellectual basis was founded in its version of Renaiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charge (heraldry)
In heraldry, a charge is any emblem or device occupying the field (heraldry), field of an ''Escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon'' (shield). That may be a geometric design (sometimes called an ''ordinary (heraldry), ordinary'') or a symbolic representation of a person, animal, plant, object, building, or other device. In French blazon, the ordinaries are called ''pièces'', and other charges are called ''meubles'' ("[the] mobile [ones]"). The term ''charge'' can also be used as a verb; for example, if an escutcheon depicts three lion (heraldry), lions, it is said to be ''charged with three lions''; similarly, a crest or even a charge itself may be "charged", such as a pair of eagle wings ''charged with trefoils'' (as on the coat of arms of Brandenburg). It is important to distinguish between the ordinaries and divisions of the field, as they typically follow similar patterns, such as a shield ''divided'' "per chevron", as distinct from being ''charged with'' a chevron (insignia), ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordinary (heraldry)
In heraldry, an ordinary is one of the two main types of Charge (heraldry), charges, beside the ''mobile charges''. An ordinary is a simple geometrical figure, bounded by straight lines and running from side to side or top to bottom of the Escutcheon (heraldry), shield. There are also some geometric charges known as subordinaries, which have been given lesser status by some heraldic writers, though most have been in use as long as the traditional ordinaries. Diminutives of ordinaries and some subordinaries are charges of the same shape, though thinner. Most of the ordinaries are theoretically said to occupy one-third of the shield; but this is rarely observed in practice, except when the ordinary is the only charge (as in the coat of arms of Austria). The terms ''ordinary'' and ''subordinary'' are somewhat controversial, as they have been applied arbitrarily and inconsistently among authors, and the use of these terms has been disparaged by some leading heraldic authorities. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fillet (heraldry)
In English-language heraldry, the fillet is considered a Ordinary (heraldry)#Diminutives of the chief, diminutive of the chief. It is :wikisource: The Grammar of Heraldry/Chapter 4, defined as occupying one fourth the width of the chief and typically positioned at its bottom edge. When so positioned the chief is blazoned as ''supported'' by the fillet; but, when the chief is charged by the fillet, as when the fillet positioned at its top edge or middle, the chief is blazoned as ''surmounted''. Another term for the former, ''supported'', is ''sustained''. In French heraldry, terms for this charge are :fr:Liste de pièces héraldiques#Divise, ''divise'' and ''filet en chef''. The term ''chef retrait'' has also been used. The fillet or ''divise'' placed beneath the chief is of a different tincture than the field, evidently to avoid violations of the Rule of tincture#Application and exceptions, rule of tincture (see Berry 1828). There are other uses of the English fillet that are simil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Fascist Party
The National Fascist Party (, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian fascism and as a reorganisation of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The party ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on Rome until the fall of the Fascist regime in 1943, when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism. The National Fascist Party was succeeded by the Republican Fascist Party in the territories under the control of the Italian Social Republic, and it was ultimately dissolved at the end of World War II. The National Fascist Party was rooted in Italian nationalismStanley G. Payne. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. p. 106.Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia'', vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53. and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lictor
A lictor (possibly from Latin language, Latin ''ligare'', meaning 'to bind') was a Ancient Rome, Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a Roman magistrate, magistrate who held ''imperium''. Roman records describe lictors as having existed since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscan civilization, Etruscans. Origin The lictors are said in the ancient antiquarian sources to go back to the regal period. There are two main traditions. The first is from Dionysius of Halicarnassus. He claimed that Etruscan envoys numbering twelve (one for each Etruscan city) gifted the king Lucius Tarquinius Priscus fasces – symbolising military leadership of the twelve Etruscan communities – on his accession. With the approval of the Roman Senate, Senate, Tarquin then appointed twelve lictors to attend to him when exercising military and civil authority. The second is in Livy, which attributes the first lictors to the king Romulus. Livy also sides with an Et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fasces
A fasces ( ; ; a , from the Latin word , meaning 'bundle'; ) is a bound bundle of wooden rods, often but not always including an axe (occasionally two axes) with its blade emerging. The fasces is an Italian symbol that had its origin in the Etruscan civilization and was passed on to ancient Rome, where it symbolized a King of Rome, Roman king's power to punish his subjects, and later, a magistrate's Power (social and political), power and jurisdiction. The axe has its own separate and older origin. Initially associated with the labrys (; ), the double-Axe#Parts of the axe, bitted axe originally from Crete, is one of the oldest symbols of Greek civilization. The image of fasces has survived in the modern world as a representation of magisterial power, law, and governance. The fasces frequently occurs as a Charge (heraldry), charge in heraldry: it is present on the reverse of the U.S. Mercury dime coin and behind the podium in the United States House of Representatives and in the Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guelphs And Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines ( , ; ) were Political faction, factions supporting the Pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman Emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire), medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. History Origins The conflict between Guelphs and Ghibellines arose from the political divisions caused by the Investiture Controversy, about whether secular rulers or the pope had the authority to appoint bishops and abbots. Upon the death of Emperor Henry V, of the Salian dynasty, the dukes elected an opponent of his dynasty, Lothair III, as the new emperor. This displeased the house of Hohenstaufen, who were allied with and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. For most of its history the Empire comprised the entirety of the modern countries of Germany, Czechia, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Luxembourg, most of north-central Italy, and large parts of modern-day east France and west Poland. On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Roman emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I, OttoI was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor. From 962 until the 12th century, the empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (; ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sicily, was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was established by the War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282–1302). Until then, the island of Sicily and southern Italy had constituted the "Kingdom of Sicily". When the island of Sicily revolted and was conquered by the Crown of Aragon, it become a separate kingdom also called the Kingdom of Sicily. This left the Neapolitan mainland in the possession of Charles of Anjou who continued to use the name "Kingdom of Sicily". Later, two competing lines of the Angevin family competed for the Kingdom of Naples in the late 14th century, which resulted in the murder of Joanna I at the hands of her successor, Charles III of Naples. Charles' daughter Joanna II adopted King Alfonso V of Aragon as heir, who would then unite Naples into his Aragonese dominions in 1442. As part of the Italian Wars, France briefly r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amhara Governorate
Amhara Governorate was one of the six governorates of Italian East Africa. Its capital was Gondar. It was formed in 1936 from parts of the conquered Ethiopian Empire following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. It had a population of more than two million inhabitants (In 1940 11,200 were Italians settlers, mostly in the capital Gondar). In November 1938 some territory of Amhara in the Scioa region was given to the neighboring Addis Abeba Governorate, enlarging it to the Scioa Governorate. The region was a stronghold of fierce Ethiopian resistance against the Italians. By 1940, the last areas of guerrilla activity was around Lake Tana Lake Tana (; previously transcribed Tsana) is the largest lake in Ethiopia and a source of the Blue Nile. Located in Amhara Region in the north-western Ethiopian Highlands, the lake is approximately long and wide, with a maximum depth of , and ... and southern Gojjam, under the leadership of the degiac Mengesha Gembere and Belay Zeleke. Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
