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Chiatura Mine
The Chiatura manganese deposit (; ) is located near the Geology of Georgia (country), Dzirula Massif, located in central-western Georgia (country), Georgia in the Imereti, Imereti region west of the national capital Tbilisi. It is divided into parts by the Qvirila, Qvirila River and its tributaries. The center of the deposit development is the town of Chiatura. Chiatura represents the largest manganese reserve in Georgia and one of the largest in the world, having estimated reserves of 239 million tonnes of manganese ore grading around 26% manganese metal. It consists mainly of sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Paleogene-Neogene age, which have a subhorizontal occurrence at an angle of 1-6° with a dip to the northeast. Manganese ores are located in ore layers of 30-35 cm in the amount of 3-18 pieces and alternate with opoka (a type of carbonate-siliceous sedimentary rock). Carbonate and oxidized layers are located in the upper part, and oxide ones in the lower part; in total, oxide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiatura
Chiatura ( ) is a city in the Imereti region of Western Georgia. In 1989, it had a population of about 30,000. The city is known for its system of cable cars connecting the city's center to the mining settlements on the surrounding hills. The city is located inland, in a mountain valley on the banks of the Qvirila River. Geography and history In 1879 the Georgian poet Akaki Tsereteli explored the area in search of manganese and iron ores, discovering deposits in the area. After other intense explorations it was discovered that there are several layers of commercially exploitable manganese oxide, peroxide and carbonate with thickness varying between and . The state set up the JSC Chiaturmanganese company to manage and exploit the huge deposit. The gross-balance of workable manganese ores of all commercial categories is estimated as 239 million tonnes, which include manganese oxide ores (41.6%), carbonate ores (39%), and peroxide ores (19%). In order to transport manganese o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1900s View Of The Chiatura Manganese Mining Area
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number) * One of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (1987 film), a 1987 science fiction film * '' 19-Nineteen'', a 2009 South Korean film * '' Diciannove'', a 2024 Italian drama film informally referred to as "Nineteen" in some sources Science * Potassium, an alkali metal * 19 Fortuna, an asteroid Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album '' 63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle * "Stone in Focus", officially "#19", a composition by Aphex Twin * "Nineteen", a song from the 1992 album ''Refugee'' by Bad4Good * "Nineteen", a song from the 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qvirila River
The Qvirila ( ka, ყვირილა ) is a river of Georgia. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . It is a left tributary of the Rioni, which it joins south of the city Kutaisi. Geographic information It originates in South Ossetia, in the gorges of the mountains of the Racha Range. Most of the river is located in Georgia. After the confluence with its left tributary the Dzirula it flows through flat terrain, before going through the mountains. The river is fed mainly by rain. On average, water flow per year near the city Zestaponi, located 42 kilometers from its mouth, 61 m³ / s, at the mouth of about 90 m³ /from. The river is suitable for whitewater canoeing. The Chiatura manganese ore deposit is located in the river basin. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zestaponi
Zestaponi ( ka, ზესტაფონი, tr, ) is the administrative center of Zestaponi District in Western Georgia (country), Georgia. Zestaponi is the center of an ancient, historical part of Georgia – Margveti, which is a part of Imereti province. Zestaponi is the center of Margveti's Eparchy of the Georgian Orthodox Church. Zestaponi is situated in the furthest east of the Colchis Plateau, and is built on both banks of the Qvirila River. It is an important industrial center, with a large ferro-alloy plant processing manganese ore from nearby Chiatura. Zestaponi is in the Kolkheti lowlands, a semi-tropical region with relatively cold winters averaging in January and hot summers averaging in August. The surrounding countryside is a wine-growing region. Industry The town of Zestaponi and the smaller neighboring town of Shorapani are industrial centers. The Zestaponi ferro-alloy plant processes raw manganese ore shipped by rail down the Kvirila valley from Chiatura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manganese Ore
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese was first isolated in the 1770s. It is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. It improves strength, workability, and resistance to wear. Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent, as a rubber additive, and in glass making, fertilisers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can be used as a fungicide. Manganese is also an essential human dietary element, important in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. It is found mostly in the bones, but also the liver, kidneys, and brain. In the human brain, the manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins, most notably glutamine synthetase in astrocytes. Manganese is commonly found in laboratories in the form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dragline Excavator
A dragline excavator is a heavy-duty excavator used in civil engineering and surface mining. It was invented in 1904, and presented an immediate challenge to the steam shovel and its diesel and electric powered descendant, the power shovel. Much more efficient than even the largest of the latter, it enjoyed a heyday in extreme size for most of the 20th century, first becoming challenged by more efficient rotary excavators in the 1950s, then superseded by them on the upper end from the 1970s on. The largest ever walking dragline was Big Muskie, a Bucyrus-Erie 4250-W put online in 1969 that swung a , 325 ton capacity bucket, had a boom, and weighed 13,500 tons. The largest walking dragline produced as of 2014 was Joy Global’s digital AC drive control P&H 9020XPC, which has a bucket capacity of and boom lengths ranging from ; working weights vary between 7,539 and 8,002 tons. Types Draglines fall into two broad categories: those that are based on standard, lifting crane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stemcor
Stemcor is a British steel trading and distribution company. The company acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers of steel and raw materials. It provides additional services, including logistics, price risk management and inventory management. It is one of the world's largest independent steel traders and operates in 45 countries. In 2012, the company's turnover exceeded £5 billion. However, since then, the company has undergone a number of restructurings after the company built up large debts and defaulted on an $850 million debt. The largest shareholder of Stemcor is the US distressed investment fund Apollo Global Management. History Stemcor was founded in 1951 as the London subsidiary of the German trading company Coutinho, Caro & Co. The company was founded by Herbert Coutinho and German immigrant Hans Oppenheimer, each taking half a stake in the business. Coutinho's stake was acquired by the US construction group McDermott International, then J McDermott, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Manganese LLC
The Georgian Manganese LLC (GM) is the Georgian subsidiary of the British company Stemcor, producing manganese and ferroalloys. The Georgian Manganese LLC owns Zestaponi Ferroalloy Plant in Zestaponi (through JSC Ferro) and Chiatura mine in Chiatura Chiatura ( ) is a city in the Imereti region of Western Georgia. In 1989, it had a population of about 30,000. The city is known for its system of cable cars connecting the city's center to the mining settlements on the surrounding hills. The ci ... (through JSC Manganumi). It owned Tao-Privat bank in Georgia from 2007 to 2014. Until 2009, the company functioned without the environmental impact assessment and appropriate permit. Permit conditions were first inspected in 2012 and the company was fined 5000 Georgian lari for violation of permit conditions. In September 2014, after unsuccessful attempts to fine the company, the Georgian Ministry imposed limits and restrictions on the company. In May 2017, a special manager was appo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Financier
An investor is a person who allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets. That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors. An investor who owns stock is a shareholder. Types of investors There are two types of investors: retail investors and institutional investors. A ''retail investor'' is also known as an ''individual investor''. There are several sub-types of institutional investor: * Pension plans making investments on behalf of employees * Businesses that make investments, either dire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy (NEP) () was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient. Lenin characterized the NEP in 1922 as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, both subject to state control", while socialized state enterprises would operate on "a profit basis". ''Nouveau riche'' people who took an advantage of NEP were called NEPmen (). The NEP represented a more market-oriented economic policy (deemed necessary after the Russian Civil War of 1918 to 1922) to foster the economy of the country, which had suffered severely since 1915. The Soviet authorities partially revoked the complete nationalization of industry (established during the period of war communism of 1918 to 1921) and introduced a mixed economy which allowed private individuals to own small and medium-sized enterprises, while the state continued to control large industries, banks and foreign trade. The Bolshevik government adopted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
