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Cheiracanthium Erraticum
''Cheiracanthium erraticum'', the two-clawed hunting spider, is a species of Palearctic spider of the family Cheiracanthiidae. Description Females have a body length of 8–9 mm, males 5-6.5mm. C. erraticum is a distinctively marked spider which shows a wide dark red stripe running down the centre of the abdomen, which is in turn surrounded by an area of creamy-yellow while the head is a reddish brown. Distribution The species has a Palearctic distribution, from Ireland to east Asia. Habitat This species favours the herbaceous layer and low bush layer of open habitats, such as rough heather. In Britain the altitudinal range is from sea level to 700 m. Biology In early summer ''C. erraticum'' builds a retreat made from two or three leaves or grass heads which are stitched together to hold the female and her egg sac. Later in the year, the immature spiders, which are already showing the reddish median stripe on the abdomen, can be found in small silk cells on plant st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Athanase Walckenaer
Baron Charles Athanase Walckenaer (25 December 1771 – 28 April 1852) was a French civil servant and scientist. Biography Walckenaer was born in Paris and studied at the universities of Oxford and Glasgow. In 1793 he was appointed head of the military transports in the Pyrenees, after which he pursued technical studies at the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées and the École polytechnique. He was elected member of the Institut de France in 1813, was mayor (''maire'') in the 5th arrondissement in Paris and secretary-general of the prefect of the Seine 1816–1825. He was made a baron in 1823. In 1839 he was appointed conservator for the Department of Maps at the Royal Library in Paris and in 1840 secretary for life in the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. He was one of the founders of the Société entomologique de France in 1832, and a "resident member" of the Société des observateurs de l'homme. Walckenaer introduced the full biography according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Siberian region; the Mediterranean Basin; the Sahara and Arabian Deserts; and Western, Central and East Asia. The Palaearctic realm also has numerous rivers and lakes, forming several freshwater ecoregions. The term 'Palearctic' was first used in the 19th century, and is still in use as the basis for zoogeographic classification. History In an 1858 paper for the ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society'', British zoologist Philip Sclater first identified six terrestrial zoogeographic realms of the world: Palaearctic, Aethiopian/ Afrotropic, Indian/ Indomalayan, Australasian, Nearctic, and Neotropical. The six indicated general groupings of fauna, based on shared biogeography and large-scale geographic barriers to migration. Alfre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheiracanthiidae
''Cheiracanthiidae'' is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Vladimir Wagner in 1887. The synonym Eutichuridae was used for a long time, but Cheiracanthiidae has priority. The largest genus currently recognized as belonging to this family is ''Cheiracanthium'', which has previously been placed in both the Clubionidae and the Miturgidae. Taxonomy It was recognized as a synonym of "Eutichuridae" in 2009, but was in danger of becoming obsolete until it was resurrected in 2011. The group was originally described as the subfamily Eutichurinae of the family Miturgidae by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. The monophyly of the group is described as "reasonably uncontroversial", but it has been placed in either the Miturgidae or the Clubionidae. An analysis by Martín J. Ramírez in 2014 suggested that it was better considered as a separate family. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Calamoneta'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia *'' Cala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the List of islands of the British Isles, second-largest island of the British Isles, the List of European islands by area, third-largest in Europe, and the List of islands by area, twentieth-largest on Earth. Geopolitically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Ireland), which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. As of 2022, the Irish population analysis, population of the entire island is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million living in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the List of European islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Arachnological Society
The British Arachnological Society (BAS) is the UK’s first body devoted exclusively to the study of arachnids. The primary objectives of the Society are to encourage interest in arachnology in people of all ages and to generate, promote and disseminate arachnological knowledge and understanding by all suitable means. In particular, it works to foster co-operation between amateur and professional arachnologists. Actively involved in scientific aspects of arachnid conservation, it provides impartial information and expert advice on the ecology and biology of British arachnids to policy and decision makers in Government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), as well as to conservation practitioners, private interests and the public. The Society oversees national recording schemes for spiders, harvestmen and pseudoscorpions. Founded in 1958, it is one of the oldest societies specializing in this animal group, publishing a journal (''Arachnology'') and a Newsletter three times ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider Wasp
Wasps in the family Pompilidae are commonly called spider wasps, spider-hunting wasps, or pompilid wasps. The family is cosmopolitan, with some 5,000 species in six subfamilies. Nearly all species are solitary (with the exception of some group-nesting Ageniellini), and most capture and paralyze prey, though members of the subfamily Ceropalinae are kleptoparasites of other pompilids, or ectoparasitoids of living spiders. In South America, species may be referred to colloquially as or , though these names can be generally applied to any very large stinging wasps. Furthermore, in some parts of Venezuela and Colombia, it is called , or "horse killers", while in Brazil some particular bigger and brighter species of the general kind might be called /, or "throat locker". Morphology Like other strong fliers, pompilids have a thorax modified for efficient flight. The metathorax is solidly fused to the pronotum and mesothorax; moreover, the prothorax is best developed in Pompili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homonotus Sanguinolentus
''Homonotus sanguinolentus'', the bloody spider-hunting wasp is a European species of Pompilid wasp. Biology ''Homonotus sanguinolentus'' preys on one species of spider, '' Cheiracanthium erraticum'', which lives on the damper patches of heathlands. From late June until August the female spider spins a purse-like web using vegetation such as heather inflorescences and grass flowering stems. She remains this web until her eggs are laid and the young hatched. A hunting female ''H. sanguinolentus'' will force entry into the spider's purse-web and if it discovers a gravid female spider, the wasp quickly paralyses the spider by stinging it. ''H. sanguinolentus'' lays its own egg on the front of the spider's abdomen and the spider recovers from the paralysis but it never leaves the web again, nor does she lay eggs. After three days the egg of ''H. sanguinolentus'' hatches and the larva feeds on the spider, finally killing it after about ten days. The ''H. sanguinolentus'' larva then spin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheiracanthium
''Cheiracanthium'', commonly called ''yellow sac spiders'', is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Cheiracanthiidae, and was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1839. They are usually pale in colour, and have an abdomen that can range from yellow to beige. Both sexes range in size from . They are unique among common house spiders because their tarsi do not point either outward, like members of ''Tegenaria'', or inward, like members of ''Araneus''), making them easier to identify. The name is a reference to the backwardly directed process on the cymbium of the male palp. The species epithet is derived from the Greek grc, χείρ, cheir, meaning "hand", and '' Acanthium'', a genus of thorny-stemmed plants. Venom Though they are beneficial predators in agricultural fields, they are also known to be mildly venomous to humans. Painful bites may be incurred from species such as '' C. punctorium'' in Europe, '' C. mildei'' in Europe and North America, '' C. inclusum'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichneumonidae
The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps, Darwin wasps, or ichneumonids, are a family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 25,000 species currently described. However, this likely represents less than a quarter of their true richness as reliable estimates are lacking, along with much of the most basic knowledge about their ecology, distribution, and evolution.Quicke, D. L. J. (2015). The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. They thus fulfill an important role as regulators of insect populations, both in natural and semi-natural systems, making them promising agents for biological control. The distribution of the ichneumonids was traditionally consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizopyga Podagrica
''Schizopyga'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are about 10 described species in ''Schizopyga''. Species These 10 species belong to the genus ''Schizopyga'': * '' Schizopyga anseli'' Fernandez, 2007 * '' Schizopyga circulator'' (Panzer, 1800) * '' Schizopyga congica'' (Benoit, 1953) * '' Schizopyga coxator'' Constantineanu, 1973 * '' Schizopyga curvicauda'' (Seyrig, 1935) * '' Schizopyga flavifrons'' Holmgren, 1856 * '' Schizopyga frigida'' Cresson, 1870 * '' Schizopyga nitida'' Kasparyan, 1976 * '' Schizopyga podagrica'' Gravenhorst, 1829 * '' Schizopyga varipes'' Holmgren, 1856 c g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net References Further reading * * External links * Pimplinae {{ichneumonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiders Of Europe
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 50,356 spider species in 132 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel, however, as there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that spiders ever had a separat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
