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Chasmatosuchinae
Proterosuchidae is an early family of Basal (phylogenetics), basal archosauriformes, archosauriforms whose fossils are known from the Lopingian, Late Permian and the Early Triassic. The highest diversity of genera is known from European Russia, but fossils are also known from South Africa, India, China, Australia, Brazil and possibly Argentina. The name comes from Greek πρότερο- ("first") and σοῦχος ("crocodile"). Description They were slender, medium-sized (about long, largest specimens reached ), long-snouted and superficially crocodile-like animals, although they lacked the armoured scutes of true crocodiles, and their skeletal features are much more primitive. The limbs are short and indicate a sprawling posture, like contemporary lizards but unlike most later archosaurs. Their most characteristic feature is a distinct down-turning of the premaxilla (the front of the upper jaw, which overhangs the lower jaw). Evolutionary history The terminal Permian–T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vonhuenia
''Vonhuenia'' (named after Friedrich von Huene) is an extinct genus of proterosuchid, a basal archosauriform from the Early Triassic of Russia. Fossils have been found in the Vokhminskaya Formation, along the Vetluga River that are Induan in age, making ''Vonhuenia'' one of the earliest archosauriforms. Classification The type species ''V. friedrichi'', named in 1992, is based on material that was misassigned to the genus '' Chasmatosuchus'' by Ochev (1978). Although originally classified as a proterosuchid, a 2016 cladistic analysis by Ezcurra ''et al''. recovered it as a non-eucrocopodan archosauriform of uncertain position.Ezcurra, M.D. (2016),The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms. PeerJ4:e1778;DOI10.7717/peerj.1778 However, a 2023 cladistic analysis of the Proterosuchidae, again by Ezcurra ''et al.'', again recovered ''Vonhuenia'' as a proterosuchid, specifically as a basal member o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterosuchus BW
''Proterosuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptiles that lived during the Early Triassic. It contains three valid species: the type species ''P. fergusi'' and the referred species ''P. alexanderi'' and ''P. goweri''. All three species lived in what is now South Africa. The genus was named in 1903 by the South African paleontologist Robert Broom. The genus ''Chasmatosaurus'' is a junior synonym of ''Proterosuchus''. ''Proterosuchus'' was a mid-sized quadrupedal reptile with a sprawling stance that could reach a length of up to . It had a large head and distinctively hooked snout. It was a predator, which may have hunted prey such as ''Lystrosaurus''. The lifestyle of ''Proterosuchus'' remains debated; it may have been terrestrial or it may have been a semiaquatic ambush predator similar to modern crocodiles. ''Proterosuchus'' is one of the earliest members of the clade Archosauriformes, which also includes crocodilians, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, including birds. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samsarasuchus
''Samsarasuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile from the Early Triassic of India. This genus has one known species, ''Samsarasuchus pamelae''. ''Samsarasuchus'' lived a few million years after the Permian-Triassic extinction, the largest known mass extinction event. It was a member of the Proterosuchidae, a group of successful crocodile-like reptiles that survived the extinction event and were among the earliest successful archosauromorphs. ''Samsarasuchus'' is known from several vertebrae recovered from the Panchet Formation of West Bengal, India. The formation has been dated to the Induan, the earliest stage of the Triassic period. It was classified in the Chasmatosuchinae, a subfamily of proterosuchids that contains a majority of genera in the family, including the Permian '' Archosaurus''. It is the only valid proterosuchid from India; ''Ankistrodon'', another proterosuchid previously described from the Panchet Formation, is considered a ''nomen dubium'' due t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archosaurus
''Archosaurus'' (meaning "ruling lizard") is an extinct genus of carnivorous proterosuchid archosauriform reptile. Its fossils are dated to the latest Permian of Russia and Poland, it is one of the earliest known archosauriforms. The type and only species is ''Archosaurus rossicus'', known from several fragmentary specimens which cumulatively represent parts of the skull and cervical vertebrae.Paleont. Zh. 1960 (4) It would have been long when fully grown. When first described in 1960, ''Archosaurus'' was considered the oldest known archosaur and a close relative of '' Proterosuchus'' from the Early Triassic.Tatarinov, L. P. (1960). ''Otkrytie pseudozhukhii v verkhnei permi SSSR: Paleontologischeskii Zhurnal'', 1960, n. 4, p. 74-80. However, Archosauria in modern terms is considered a more restricted group which ''Archosaurus'' lies outside of. The "classic" definition of archosaur utilized prior to the widespread use of cladistics Cladistics ( ; from Ancient Greek 'bran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsylmosuchus
''Tsylmosuchus'' is an extinct genus of proterosuchid archosauriform reptile known from Western Russia. Fossils referred to ''Tsylmosuchus'' occurred over a wide area in sediments corresponding to the Induan and Olenekian stages of the Early Triassic. Most of these fossils are fragmentary neck vertebrae which were originally reported as sharing similarities with crocodile-line archosaurs (pseudosuchians) such as '' Mandasuchus''. As a result, ''Tsylmosuchus'' was first described as part of the family Rauisuchidae, making it supposedly one of the oldest known archosaurs. However, its fragmentary remains do not show any of the distinguishing features of rauisuchids or even pseudosuchians in general, so ''Tsylmosuchus'' has more recently been interpreted as an indeterminate archosauriform. Although three species of ''Tsylmosuchus'' have been named, they lack diagnostic traits and are probably not distinct from each other. In 2023, ''Tsylmosuchus'' was reinterpreted as a proteros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chasmatosuchus
''Chasmatosuchus'' was an archosauriform reptile from the early Triassic period of European Russia. One of the earliest described archosauriforms, it was over 2 m long and is thought to have behaved like a modern crocodile. Its mouth had two distinct features: the top of its jaw hooked downwards to aid in holding prey, and the upper palate was lined with a row of teeth—a primitive feature lost in later archosaurs.''Chasmatosuchus'' was formerly assigned to Proterosuchidae, but a 2016 cladistic analysis by Martin Ezcurra could not confidently place the species of ''Chasmatosuchus'' within Proterosuchidae. Instead their position was found to be unresolved due to the fragmentary nature of the known material, however ''Chasmatosuchus'' is more likely to be intermediate between proterosuchids and erythrosuchids and possibly closely related to '' Sarmatosuchus otschevi'' and '' Cuyosuchus huenei''. Ezcurra (2016) could only place ''C. rossicus'' and ''C. magnus'' within ''Chasma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamosaurus
''Gamosaurus'' is an extinct genus of Proterosuchidae, proterosuchid Archosauriformes, archosauriform. It contains a single species, ''Gamosaurus lozovskii'', named by Vitalii Georgievich Ochev in 1979 in paleontology, 1979. Discovery and explanation It is known from the Early Triassic (latest Olenekian stage) Yarenskian Gorizont of the European section of Russia. ''Gamosaurus'' is known solely from fragmentary material collected from the a fossil assemblage called the ''Parotosuchus'' fauna of the Upper Yarenskian Gorizont, in the Gam locality in Aikino district of the Komi Republic. ''Gamosaurus'' occurs with the erythrosuchian ''Garjainia'' and with material possibly referable to the paracrocodylomorph ''Vytshegdosuchus''. It was tentatively synonymized with ''Chasmatosuchus'' in a 2016 study by Martín Ezcurra, Ezcurra ''et al.'', but was revived again as a distinct genus by Ezcurra in a 2023 in a taxonomic overview of Proterosuchidae, who found its vertebral morphology to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaikosuchus
''Jaikosuchus'' is an extinct genus of proterosuchid archosauriform. It contains a single species, ''J. magnus''. Fossils have been found from European Russia that date back to the upper Olenekian stage of the Early Triassic. Discovery The genus was originally assigned as a new species of the proterosuchid ''Chasmatosuchus'' in 1979, but was later put in its own genus in 1990. It has often been described as an erythrosuchid, a rauisuchian or a basal suchian closely related to rauisuchians rather than the more traditional view of it being a more primitive archosaur. In 2016, it was synonymized again with ''Chasmatosuchus'' by Ezcurra ''et al.'', but was revived as a distinct genus by Ezcurra ''et al.'' again in a 2023 overview of proterosuchid taxonomy, who found its vertebral morphology to be distinct from that of ''Chasmatosuchus''. Both were placed in the new subfamily Chasmatosuchinae Proterosuchidae is an early family of Basal (phylogenetics), basal archosauriformes, arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population, seventh-largest by population, with over 212 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 Federative units of Brazil, states and a Federal District (Brazil), Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. List of cities in Brazil by population, Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil has the most Portuguese-speaking countries, Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese language, Portuguese is an Portuguese-speaking world, official language. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazil, coastline of . Covering roughly half of South America's land area, it Borders of Brazil, borders all other countries and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
