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Charles-Olivier Carbonell
Charles-Olivier Carbonell (20 June 1930 – 8 July 2013) was a French historian and historiographer who worked to put history as a profession on a sound scientific footing. He wrote numerous history books geared to secondary education, and devoted much of his work to establishing a field of European history. Career Carbonell was an important figure in writing about the development of French historiography by pioneering historians of the 19th century. He broke out of narrow constraints of domestic narratives, and expanded his research to look at comparative history among different countries in Europe over a period of millennia, and inspired a group of young historians. The generally accepted date for the development of French historiography is the 1870s (at the latest), but at the point, there was only one professional school for historians in France (Chartres) and it was turning out archivists, not historians. Only 10% of histories produced in the 1870s were by historians, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of French Historians
This is a list of French historians limited to those with a biographical entry in either English or French Wikipedia. Major chroniclers, annalists, philosophers, or other writers are included, if they have important historical output. Names are listed alphabetically by last name in each section, except for the section, where they are ordered by date of birth. Introduction History only matured as a serious academic profession in the 19th century. Before that, it was exercised as a literary pursuit by amateurs such as Voltaire, Jules Michelet, and François Guizot. The transition to an academic discipline first occurred in Germany under historian Leopold von Ranke who began offering his university seminar in history in 1833. Similar introduction of the discipline into academia in France took place in the 1860s. Historians active in France at the time such as who were active at that time inherited the principles of a new academic discipline from Ranke and earlier mentors including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European History
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500 to AD 1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic Era. People from this period left behind numerous artifacts, including works of art, burial sites, and tools, allowing some reconstruction of their society. During the Indo-European migrations, Europe saw migrations from the east and southeast. Settled agriculture marked the Neolithic Era, which spread slowly across Europe from southeast to the north and west. The later Neolithic period saw the introduction of early metallurgy and the use of copper-based tools and weapons, and the building of megalithic structures, as exemplified by Stonehenge. The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of ancient Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Lavisse
Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst" * Anton Ernst (1975-) South African Film Producer * Alice Henson Ernst (1880-1980), American writer and historian * Britta Ernst (born 1961), German politician * Cornelia Ernst, German politician * Edzard Ernst, German-British Professor of Complementary Medicine * Emil Ernst, astronomer * Ernie Ernst (1924/25–2013), former District Judge in Walker County, Texas * Eugen Ernst (1864–1954), German politician * Fabian Ernst, German soccer player * Gustav Ernst, Austrian writer * Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst, Moravian violinist and composer * Jim Ernst, Canadian politician * Jimmy Ernst, American painter, son of Max Ernst * Joni Ernst, U.S. Senator from Iowa * K.S. Ernst, American visual poet * Karl Friedrich Paul Ernst, German writer (1866–1933) * Ken Ernst, U.S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Commune
The Paris Commune (french: Commune de Paris, ) was a revolutionary government that seized power in Paris, the capital of France, from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended Paris, and working-class radicalism grew among its soldiers. Following the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870 (under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers from February 1871) and the complete defeat of the French Army by the Germans by March 1871, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city on March 18. They killed two French army generals and refused to accept the authority of the Third Republic, instead attempting to establish an independent government. The Commune governed Paris for two months, establishing policies that tended toward a progressive, anti-religious system of social democracy, including the separation of church and state, self-policing, the remission of rent, the abolition of child ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Monod
Gabriel Monod (7 March 1844 – 10 April 1912) was a French historian, the nephew of Adolphe Monod. Biography Born in Ingouville, Seine-Maritime, he was educated at Le Havre then went to Paris to complete his education, lodging with the de Pressensé family. The influence of Edmond de Pressensé, a pastor and large-minded theologian, and of Madame de Pressensé, a woman of superior intellect and refined feeling, who devoted her life to educational works and charity, made a great impression on him. In 1865 he left the École normale supérieure, and went to Germany, where he studied at the University of Göttingen and Humboldt University in Berlin. The teaching of Georg Waitz definitely directed his studies towards the history of the Middle Ages. Returning to France in 1868 he was nominated by Victor Duruy to give lectures on history, following the method used in German seminaries, at the École des hautes études. When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Gabriel Monod, with hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revue Historique
The ''Revue historique'' is a French academic journal founded in 1876 by the Protestant Gabriel Monod and the Catholic Gustave Fagniez. The journal was founded as a reaction against the ''Revue des questions historiques'' created ten years earlier by Ultramontanists and Legitimists. The ''Revue historique'' has been published quarterly since 1937. The founders of the ''Revue historique'' stated that the journal was not intended to promote any particular religion, party, or doctrine.Guy Bourdé et Hervé Martin, ''Les Écoles historiques'', Éditions du Seuil 1983 p.182-188 Most of its contributors came from Protestant or free thinker circles. Fagniez resigned in 1881 to protest the attacks of the ''Revue'' against the Catholic Church. Charles Bémont was an editor for the ''Revue'' from 1876 and served as a co-director until 1939. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the ''Revues contributors included Charles Bayet, Arthur Giry, Camille Jullian, Gustave Bloch, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historische Zeitschrift
''Historische Zeitschrift'', founded in 1859 by Heinrich von Sybel is considered to be the first and for a time the foremost historical journal. The creation of this journal inspired Gabriel Monod to found the French '' Revue historique'' in 1876. In 1886 the ''English Historical Review'' was founded and in 1895 the ''American Historical Review'' was founded. It is published by Akademie Verlag GmbH, a subsidiary of Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH. Editors ''Historische Zeitschrifts editors have included: * Heinrich von Sybel (18591895) * Heinrich von Treitschke (18951896) *Friedrich Meinecke Friedrich Meinecke (October 20, 1862 – February 6, 1954) was a German historian, with national liberal and anti-Semitic views, who supported the Nazi invasion of Poland. After World War II, as a representative of an older tradition, he crit ... (1896–1935) *Jürgen Müller *Eckhardt Treichel * Andreas Fahrmeir *Hartmut Leppin See also * Historiography#Some major historical jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nouvelle Histoire
The term ''new history'', from the French term ''nouvelle histoire'', was coined by Jacques Le Goff and Pierre Nora, leaders of the third generation of the ''Annales'' school, in the 1970s. The movement can be associated with cultural history, history of representations, and '' histoire des mentalités''. The new history movement's inclusive definition of the proper matter of historical study has also given it the label ''total history''. The movement was contrasted with the traditional ways of writing history which focused on politics and " great men". The new history rejected any insistence on composing historical narrative; an over-emphasis on administrative documents as basic source materials; concern with individuals' motivations and intentions as explanatory factors for historical events; and the old belief in objectivity. The approach was rejected by Marxist historians because it downplayed what Marxists believed was the central role of class in shaping history. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (french: Troisième République, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government. The early days of the Third Republic were dominated by political disruptions caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, which the Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Harsh reparations exacted by the Prussians after the war resulted in the loss of the French regions of Alsace (keeping the Territoire de Belfort) and Lorraine (the northeastern part, i.e. present-day department of Moselle), social upheaval, and the establishment of the Paris Commune. The early governments of the Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy, but disagreement as to the nature of that monarchy and the rightfu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revue Historique
The ''Revue historique'' is a French academic journal founded in 1876 by the Protestant Gabriel Monod and the Catholic Gustave Fagniez. The journal was founded as a reaction against the ''Revue des questions historiques'' created ten years earlier by Ultramontanists and Legitimists. The ''Revue historique'' has been published quarterly since 1937. The founders of the ''Revue historique'' stated that the journal was not intended to promote any particular religion, party, or doctrine.Guy Bourdé et Hervé Martin, ''Les Écoles historiques'', Éditions du Seuil 1983 p.182-188 Most of its contributors came from Protestant or free thinker circles. Fagniez resigned in 1881 to protest the attacks of the ''Revue'' against the Catholic Church. Charles Bémont was an editor for the ''Revue'' from 1876 and served as a co-director until 1939. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the ''Revues contributors included Charles Bayet, Arthur Giry, Camille Jullian, Gustave Bloch, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nouvelle Histoire
The term ''new history'', from the French term ''nouvelle histoire'', was coined by Jacques Le Goff and Pierre Nora, leaders of the third generation of the ''Annales'' school, in the 1970s. The movement can be associated with cultural history, history of representations, and '' histoire des mentalités''. The new history movement's inclusive definition of the proper matter of historical study has also given it the label ''total history''. The movement was contrasted with the traditional ways of writing history which focused on politics and " great men". The new history rejected any insistence on composing historical narrative; an over-emphasis on administrative documents as basic source materials; concern with individuals' motivations and intentions as explanatory factors for historical events; and the old belief in objectivity. The approach was rejected by Marxist historians because it downplayed what Marxists believed was the central role of class in shaping history. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 Births
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
