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Chalcorana Parvaccola
''Chalcorana parvaccola'' is a species of " true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia. It was split off from ''Chalcorana chalconota'' by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009, along with a number of other species. The specific name ''parvaccola'' is derived from Latin ''parvus'' meaning small and ''accola'' meaning neighbor, and refers to this species being smaller than its "neighbor", the related Sumatran species '' Chalcorana rufipes''. Description ''Chalcorana parvaccola'' are relatively small frogs: adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. Body is slender and legs are long. The snout is narrowly rounded. The tympanum is distinct, larger in males than in females. The outer fingers have large discs; no webbing is present. The toe tips have discs that are smaller than the fingers ones. The webbing between the toes is extensive. Preserved specimens are brown dorsally and on the sides. The sides of the head are darker. The upper lip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert F
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown" and ''berht'' "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin. It is also in use Robert (surname), as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert (name), Rupert. After becoming widely used in Continental Europe it entered England in its Old French form ''Robert'', where an Old English cognate form (''Hrēodbēorht'', ''Hrodberht'', ''Hrēodbēorð'', ''Hrœdbœrð'', ''Hrœdberð'', ''Hrōðberχtŕ'') had existed before the Norman Conquest. The feminine version is Roberta (given name), Roberta. The Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form is Roberto (given name), Roberto. Robert is also a common name in many Germanic languages, including English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcorana Rufipes
''Chalcorana rufipes'' is a species of " true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia. It was split off from ''Chalcorana chalconota'' by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009, along with a number of other species. The specific name ''rufipes'' is derived from Latin ''rufus'' meaning reddish and ''pes'' meaning foot, in reference to the reddish tinge on the underside of the pedal webbing in life. Description ''Chalcorana rufipes'' are moderately large frogs: adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. Body is slender and the legs are long. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is distinct but comparatively small. The outer fingers have large discs; no webbing is present. The toe tips have discs that are smaller than the fingers ones. The webbing between the toes is extensive. Preserved specimens are medium brown dorsally and on the sides. The sides of the head are dark brown. The upper lip is white. There are small dark spots on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibians Of Indonesia
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fauna Of Sumatra
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example ''Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. ''Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcorana
''Chalcorana'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ranidae, "true frogs". They are found in Southeast Asia, from Thailand to Malay Peninsula and the Sunda Islands. Taxonomy ''Chalcorana'' was originally introduced as a subgenus of ''Rana''. It was often included in the then-diverse genus ''Hylarana'', until Oliver and colleagues revised the genus in 2015, delimiting ''Hylarana'' more narrowly and elevating ''Chalcorana'' to genus rank. Description ''Chalcorana'' are small to medium-sized frogs with a long head and bullet-shaped body. The upper lip is usually white. The limbs and the body are gracile. There are many accessory body glands. The dorsum is shagreened and with fine mottling. There may be small, round glands which may be tipped with spicules. The dorsolateral folds are thin or consist of a line of warts. The diagnostic characters of ''Chalcorana'' are the first finger being no longer than the second one, large finger discs (at least twice the finger width), and humeral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Above Sea Level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as '' orthometric heights''. The combination of unit of measurement and the physical quantity (height) is called " metres above mean sea level" in the metric system, while in United States customary and imperial units it would be called " feet above mean sea level". Mean sea levels are affected by climate change and other factors and change over time. For this and other reasons, recorded measurements of elevation above sea level at a reference time in history might differ from the actual elevation of a given location over sea level at a given moment. Uses Metres above sea level is the standard measurement of the elevation or altitude of: * Geographic locations such as towns, mountains and other landmarks. * The top of buildings and other structures. * Flying obje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanophore
Chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment-containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods. Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration. Chromatophores are largely responsible for generating skin and eye colour in ectothermic animals and are generated in the neural crest during embryonic development. Mature chromatophores are grouped into subclasses based on their colour (more properly " hue") under white light: xanthophores (yellow), erythrophores (red), iridophores ( reflective / iridescent), leucophores (white), melanophores (black/brown), and cyanophores (blue). While most chromatophores contain pigments that absorb specific wavelengths of light, the color of leucophores and iridophores is produced by their respective scattering and optical interference properties. Some species can rapidly change colour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tympanum (anatomy)
The tympanum is an external hearing structure in animals such as mammals, birds, some reptiles, some amphibians and some insects. Using sound, vertebrates and many insects are capable of sensing their prey, identifying and locating their predators, warning other individuals, and locating potential mates and rivals by hearing the intentional or unintentional sounds they make. In general, any animal that reacts to sounds or communicates by means of sound, needs to have an auditory mechanism. This typically consists of a membrane capable of vibration known as the tympanum, an air-filled chamber and sensory organs to detect the auditory stimuli. Anurans In frogs and toads, the tympanum is a large external oval shape membrane made up of nonglandular skin. It is located just behind the eye. It does not process sound waves; it simply transmits them to the inner parts of the amphibian's ear, which is protected from the entry of water and other foreign objects. A frog's ear drum wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Specific Name (zoology)
In zoological nomenclature, the specific name (also specific epithet or species epithet) is the second part (the second name) within the scientific name of a species (a binomen). The first part of the name of a species is the name of the genus or the generic name. The rules and regulations governing the giving of a new species name are explained in the article species description. For example, the scientific name for humans is ''Homo sapiens'', which is the species name, consisting of two names: ''Homo'' is the " generic name" (the name of the genus) and ''sapiens'' is the "specific name". Historically, ''specific name'' referred to the combination of what are now called the generic and specific names. Carl Linnaeus, who formalized binomial nomenclature, made explicit distinctions between specific, generic, and trivial names. The generic name was that of the genus, the first in the binomial, the trivial name was the second name in the binomial, and the specific the proper term fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djoko Iskandar
Djoko Tjahjono Iskandar (born 1950) is an Indonesian herpetologist who studies the amphibians of Southeast Asia and Australasia. He is a professor of biosystematics and ecology at Bandung Institute of Technology in West Java, Indonesia. Iskandar has been the first to describe many species of amphibian, including the Bornean flat-headed frog (''Barbourula kalimantanensis'') in 1978, and, in 2014, '' Limnonectes larvaepartus'', the only known frog that directly births tadpoles. He is the author of ''The Amphibians of Java and Bali''. The monotypic banded watersnake genus ''Djokoiskandarus'' is named in his honour, as are several species of lizard and frog. Taxa named in his honour *''Djokoiskandarus annulatus'' (2011) *'' Polypedates iskandari'' (2011) *''Draco iskandari'' (2007) *'' Gekko iskandari'' (2000) *'' Fejervarya iskandari'' (2001) Species described *''Ansonia glandulosa'' Iskandar & Mumpuni, 2004 *''Barbourula kalimantanensis'' Iskandar, 1978 *''Boiga hoeseli'' Ramadh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcorana Chalconota
''Chalcorana chalconota'' is a species of "true frog", family Ranidae. It is endemic to Indonesia and occurs in southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, and a few smaller islands. Populations previously assigned to this species now belong to a number of other ''Chalcorana'' species, leading to the current delineation of ''Chalcorana chalconota'' with a much narrower range. This species is also known as the Schlegel's frog, brown stream frog, copper-cheeked frog, or, among with many other species, white-lipped frog. Description ''Chalcorana chalconota'' are relatively large frogs: adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. The legs are relatively short. The snout is slightly projecting. The tympanum is visible, slightly depressed. The finger tips are much enlarged. Coloration is green; the back may have black spots. Hind limbs may have crossbars. Dorsal skin is granular in females and has many fine spinules in males. Males also have conspicuously protruding humeral glands. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the East Malaysia, eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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