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Chadan (town)
Chadan (russian: Чада́н; tyv, Чадаана, ''Çadaana'') is a town and the administrative center of Dzun-Khemchiksky District in the Tuva Republic, Russia, located on the Chadan River (in the Yenisei's basin), west of Kyzyl, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 9,035. The Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu was born in Chadan. History In 1873, at the confluence of Khondergey and Chadan Rivers, a Buddhist monastery called Aldee-Khuree was founded. This year is considered the founding year of Chadan. In 1923, the village by the monastery was known as Artadyt. In January 1929, when the Plenum Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party adopted an anti-religious decree, the Aldee-Khuree monastery was closed and destroyed, and the village was renamed Chadan. In May 1945, Chadan was granted town status and became the administrative center of Dzun-Khemchiksky District. Around this time, coal deposits were discovered nearby a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist Temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for Buddhists, the followers of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire inner and outer peace. Architecture Its architecture and structure varies from region to region. Usually, the temple consists not only of its buildings, but also the surrounding environment. The Buddhist temples are designed to symbolize five elements: fire, air, water, earth and wisdom. India The design of temples in India was influenced by the idea of a place of worship as a representation of the universe. For Buddhist temple complexes one tall temple is often centrally located and surrounded by smaller temples and walls. This center surrounded by oceans, lesser mountains and a huge wall. A Chaitya, Chaitya hall or Chaitya-g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital City
A capital city or capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational entity, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution. In some jurisdictions, including several countries, different branches of government are in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official ( constitutional) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place. English-language news media often use the name of the capital city as an alternative name for the government of the country of which it is the capital, as a form of metonymy. For example, "relations between Washington and London" refer to " relations between the United States and the United Kingdom". Terminology and etymology The word ''capital'' derives from the Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamby Lama Of Tuva
The Kamby Lama of Tuva, or Supreme Lama of Tuva, is the highest Buddhist religious authority and most senior Buddhist monastic lama in Tuva, a largely Buddhist republic of Russia. The Kamby Lama is considered the leader of all Tuvan Buddhists. The institute and title of Kamby Lama was revived in October 1997 during the resurgence of Buddhism in Tuva following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Buddhism had been suppressed in Tuva throughout the Soviet era. Following the death of the 8th Kamby Lama, Jampel Lodoy, on June 23, 2020, Gelek Natsyk Dorju was elected as his successor on October 4, 2020 History Following the fall of the Soviet Union, Kazak Orgudaevich Sandak (1918–1997) performed the duties of Supreme Lama of Tuva from 1991 until his death in 1997, but he did not possess the title of Kamby Lama. The position of Kamby Lama of Tuva, or Supreme Lama, was officially revived and created in October 1997. The Kamby Lama is democratically elected by a congress, or ''Khural' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jampel Lodoy
Jampel Lodoy, also spelled with variations of Dzhampel Lodoi or Jambal Lodoi, (21 August 1975 – 23 June 2020) was a Russian Tuvan Buddhist lama who served as the Kamby Lama of Tuva for two tenures. The Kamby Lama, or Supreme Lama, is the highest Buddhist religious authority in Tuva. Jampel Lodoy was first elected Kamby Lama from 2005 to 2010. During the 2010s, Jampel Lodoy became the abbot of , one of the largest Buddhist monasteries and temples in Tuva, which had been destroyed in 1937, but reopened in 2012. On 29 November 2019 Jampel Lodoy was elected the 8th Kamby Lama of Tuva by a congress of Buddhist clergy. He was enthroned on 19 December 2019 in a ceremony held at the House of Folk Art, the headquarters of the Tuvan Ministry of Culture in Kyzyl. However, just seven months later, Jampel Lodoy died in office from complications of COVID-19 during the pandemic in Russia. Biography Jampel Lodoy was born Apysh-ool Sat on 21 August 1975 in village, Dzun-Khemchiksky Distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as stratum, rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian (geology), Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. Many significant coal deposits are younger than this and originate from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subdivisions Of Russia
Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions. Federal subjects Since 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation.Constitution, Article 65 However, six of these federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Kherson Oblast, the Lugansk People's Republic, the federal city of Sevastopol and the Zaporozhye Oblast—are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly). They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. De jure, there are 6 types of federal subjects—24 republics, 9 krais, 48 oblasts, 3 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs. Autonomous okrugs are the only ones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-pit Mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth from an open-air pit, sometimes known as a borrow. This form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth, such as long wall mining. Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface. It is applied to ore or rocks found at the surface because the overburden is relatively thin or the material of interest is structurally unsuitable for tunnelling (as would be the case for cinder, sand, and gravel). In contrast, minerals that have been found underground but are difficult to retrieve due to hard rock, can be reached using a form of underground mining. To create an open-pit mine, the miners must determine the information of the ore that is underground. This is done through drilling of probe holes in the ground, then plotti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USSR Anti-religious Campaign (1928–1941)
The USSR anti-religious campaign of 1928–1941 was a new phase of anti-religious campaign in the Soviet Union following the anti-religious campaign of 1921–1928. The campaign began in 1929, with the drafting of new legislation that severely prohibited religious activities and called for an education process on religion in order to further disseminate atheism and materialist philosophy. This had been preceded in 1928 at the fifteenth Party congress, where Joseph Stalin criticized the party for failure to produce more active and persuasive anti-religious propaganda. This new phase coincided with the beginning of the mass collectivization of agriculture and the nationalization of the few remaining private enterprises. The main target of the anti-religious campaign in the 1920s and 1930s was the Russian Orthodox Church, which had the largest number of faithful. Nearly all of its clergy, and many of its believers, were shot or sent to labour camps. Theological schools were cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plenum Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
Plenum may refer to: * Plenum chamber, a chamber intended to contain air, gas, or liquid at positive pressure * Plenism, or ''Horror vacui'' (physics) the concept that "nature abhors a vacuum" * Plenum (meeting), a meeting of a deliberative assembly in which all members are present; contrast with quorum * Plenum space, enclosed spaces (in buildings) used for airflow * Plenum cable, electrical wire permitted in plenum spaces per building codes * Plenum Publishing Corporation, a publisher of scientific books and journals * Plenum (physics), a space completely filled with matter * Undergravel filters, in aquarium filtration, an open space under a layer of gravel or sand * Air-mixing plenum, a place where ducts meet See also * Plenary (other) Plenary is an adjective related to the noun plenum carrying a general connotation of fullness. Plenary may also refer to: *Plenary session or meeting, the part of a conference when all members of all parties are in attendance **Plen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confluence
In geography, a confluence (also: ''conflux'') occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join to form a single channel. A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river ( main stem); or where two streams meet to become the source of a river of a new name (such as the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers at Pittsburgh, forming the Ohio); or where two separated channels of a river (forming a river island) rejoin at the downstream end. Scientific study of confluences Confluences are studied in a variety of sciences. Hydrology studies the characteristic flow patterns of confluences and how they give rise to patterns of erosion, bars, and scour pools. The water flows and their consequences are often studied with mathematical models. Confluences are relevant to the distribution of living organisms (i.e., ecology) as well; "the general pattern ownstream of confluencesof increasing stream flow and decreasing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
