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Cezary Ketling-Szemley
Cezary Ketling-Szemley (22 July 19159 January 1979) was a Polish military officer and lawyer. He was a participant in the Polish resistance movement during the World War II, member of the PLAN, Home Army and PAL, main collaborator and supporter of the Jewish Military Union (ŻZW) on the part of the Polish underground during and before the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. He was born as Cezary Szemley. During the war he used the aliases "Janusz", "Ketling", "Olgierd" and "Arpad". After the war, he signed himself Cezary Szemley-Ketling or Ketling-Szemley. In 1949, he officially changed his name to Janusz Ketling-Szemley. Many details of Szemley's biography are unknown or unclear. What is known is that immediately after the start of the German occupation he joined the underground as a member of the Polish Popular Independence Action (PLAN) affiliated with the Alliance of Democrats party. After its destruction by the Germans, he founded a new organization of the same name, which soon joi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lviv
Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main Ukrainian culture, cultural centres of Ukraine. Lviv also hosts the administration of Lviv urban hromada. It was named after Leo I of Galicia, the eldest son of Daniel of Galicia, Daniel, King of Ruthenia. Lviv (then Lwów) emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Chełm, Belz, and Przemyśl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it went to King Casimir III the Great of Kingdom of Poland, Poland in a Galicia–Volhynia Wars, war of succession. In 1356, Casimir the Great granted it town rights. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budapest
Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the List of cities and towns on the river Danube, second-largest city on the river Danube. The estimated population of the city in 2025 is 1,782,240. This includes the city's population and surrounding suburban areas, over a land area of about . Budapest, which is both a List of cities and towns of Hungary, city and Counties of Hungary, municipality, forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of and a population of 3,019,479. It is a primate city, constituting 33% of the population of Hungary. The history of Budapest began when an early Celts, Celtic settlement transformed into the Ancient Rome, Roman town of Aquincum, the capital of Pannonia Inferior, Lower Pannonia. The Hungarian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross Of Valour (Poland)
The Cross of Valour () is a Polish military decoration. It was introduced by the Council of National Defense on 11 August 1920. It is awarded to an individual who "has demonstrated deeds of valour and courage on the field of battle." It may be awarded to the same person up to four times.The only soldier ever to receive more than 4 Crosses of Valour was Stefan Grot-Rowecki, commander of the Polish Home Army during World War II, who had reached his quota of 4 crosses during World War I and the Polish-Soviet War, yet was awarded 4 more crosses on 1 May 1943. See: The medal is given only in wartime or shortly after.Zdzislaw P. Wesolowski, ''Polish Orders, Medals, Badges and Insignia: Military and Civilian Decorations, 1705–1985'', pp. 22–24, 41–42, 58. History Polish-Soviet War The medal was introduced in 1920 at the height of the Polish-Soviet War, shortly before the climactic Battle of Warsaw. Initially it had no Order Council and was awarded personally by the Commander- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Śródmieście, Warsaw
Śródmieście (), also anglicised as Downtown, is the central Districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, district of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. It encompasses the Old Town, Warsaw, Old Town, the city's historic core, and is the centre of cultural, commercial and political life of the capital. Geography Located in the heart of Warsaw, it encompasses an area of approximately . The district is characterized by its diverse landscape, which includes the Vistula, Vistula River to the east, forming its natural border, and the historic Old Town, Warsaw, Old Town at its core. Śródmieście shares borders with four other districts: Żoliborz to the north, Wola to the west, Ochota to the south-west, and Mokotów to the south, making it a vital hub of urban activity in the capital city. Subdivisions Śródmieście is subdivided into nine Districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, municipal neighbourhoods, each governed by the Neighborhood council, neighbourhood council. The current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kedyw
''Kedyw'' (, partial acronym of ''Kierownictwo Dywersji'' ("Directorate of Sabotage") was a Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish World War II Home Army unit that conducted active and passive sabotage, propaganda and armed operations against Nazi German forces and Collaborationism, collaborators. Operations Kedyw was created on January 22, 1943, from two pre-existing Armia Krajowa organisations: Zwiazek Odwetu, ZwiÄ…zek Odwetu (''Association of Retaliation''), and Wachlarz. Initially, the units were small and town-based. Eventually, as more were formed, some moved into forested areas to begin partisan (military), partisan warfare. Kedyw organized weapon and munition factories, military schools, intelligence (information gathering), intelligence, counter-intelligence, field hospitals and a communication network. Most members of Kedyw were Scouting in Poland, Boy Scouts from Zwiazek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZwiÄ…zek Harcerstwa Polskiego and its wartime organisation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wacław Barcikowski
Wacław is a Polish masculine given name. It is a borrowing of , Latinized as Wenceslaus. For etymology and cognates in other languages, see Wenceslaus. It may refer to: * Wacław Cimochowski (1912–1982), Polish philologist * Wacław Gajewski (1911–1997), Polish geneticist * Wacław Hański (1782–1841), Polish nobleman *Wacław Kiełtyka (born 1981), Polish musician *Wacław Kopisto (1911–1993), Polish Army officer *Wacław Kuchar (1897–1981), Polish athlete * Wacław Leszczyński (1605–1666), Primate of Poland * Wacław Maciejowski (1792–1883), Polish historian *Wacław Micuta (1915–2008), Polish economist *Wacław Seweryn Rzewuski (1784–1831), Polish explorer, poet and orientalist *Wacław Sieroszewski (1858–1945), Polish writer *Wacław Sierpiński (1882–1969), Polish mathematician *Wacław Szybalski (1921–2020), Polish-American medical researcher, geneticist *Wacław Szymanowski (1859–1930), Polish sculptor and painter *Wacław of Szamotuły (c. 1520 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minor Sabotage
A minor sabotage (''aka'' little sabotage or small sabotage; ) during World War II in Nazi-occupied Poland (1939–45) was any underground resistance operation that involved a disruptive but relatively minor and non-violent form of defiance, such as the painting of graffiti, the manufacture of fake documents, the disrupting of German propaganda campaigns, and the like."''Mały sabotaż''" ''Słownik Języka Polskiego'' (Dictionary of the Polish Language), PWN. Minor-sabotage operations often involved elements of . The purpose of minor-sabotage operations was primarily |
Gustaw Herling-Grudziński
Gustaw Herling-Grudziński (; May 20, 1919 − July 4, 2000) was a Polish writer, journalist, essayist, World War II underground fighter, and political dissident abroad during the period of Soviet and communist rule. He is best known for writing a personal account of life in the Soviet Gulag entitled ''A World Apart (book), A World Apart'', first published in 1951 in London. Biography Gustaw Herling-Grudziński was born in Kielce into a Jewish-Polish merchant family of Jakub (Josek) Herling-Grudziński and his wife Dorota (''née'' Bryczkowska).Zdzisław Kudelski''Gustaw Herling-Grudziński – wątek żydowski'' Rzeczpospolita, July 5, 2003. His mother died in 1932 of typhoid. His studies of Polish literature at the Warsaw University were interrupted by the invasion of Poland at the outbreak of World War II. In late 1939 under the brutal occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, Herling-Grudziński co-founded one of the earliest Polish resistance movement in Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolesław Chrobry
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Bolesław or Boleslav may refer to: People * Bolesław (given name) (also ''Boleslav'' or ''Boleslaus''), including a list of people with this name Geography * Bolesław, Dąbrowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland * Bolesław, Olkusz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland * Bolesław, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland * Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav, Czech Republic * Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic * FK Mladá Boleslav, football club from Mladá Boleslav See also * Pulß * Václav * Wenceslaus Wenceslaus, Wenceslas, Wenzeslaus and Wenzslaus (and other similar names) are Latinized forms of the Slavic names#In Slovakia and Czech_Republic, Czech name Václav. The other language versions of the name are , , , , , , among others. It origina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Poland
The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union had approved the pact. The Soviet invasion of Poland, Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. The aim of the invasion was to disestablish Poland as a sovereign country, with its citizens destined for The Holocaust, extermination. German and Field Army Bernolák, Slovak forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Szembek (diplomat)
Jan Szembek (11 July 1881 – 9 July 1945) was a Polish diplomat, one of the most influential ones in the final years of the Second Polish Republic and a close associate of Józef Beck. Early life Szembek was born in a szlachta family on 11 July 1881 in the village of Poręba, near Alwernia. He graduated from the Vienna University and took up the post of an Austrian government clerk in Bosnia (1905-1908). In 1908, he settled in Kraków. Diplomatic career In 1919, after Poland regained independence from the partitions of Poland, Szembek was named ''chargé d'affaires'' and later he was the Polish ambassador in Budapest (1921-1924), Brussels (1925) and Bucharest (1927), where he remained until 1932. After returning to Poland, he took up the job of deputy secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Warsaw. After the invasion of Poland, he left Poland on 17 September 1939, along with other members of the government. His home, in the village of Mloszowa, near Trzebinia, was ransac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Justice (Poland)
The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Poland is one of the Ministries of the Republic of Poland, ministries of Poland. The Ministry of Justice was established by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of 3 November 1999 on the creation of the Ministry of Justice. The remit of the Minister of Justice is set out in the Ordinance of the President of the Council of Ministers of 13 December 2017 on the detailed scope of activities of the Minister of Justice. The Ministry of Justice is a subsidiary office of the Minister of Justice, the chief government administration body responsible for the justice branch of government administration. From 1956 to 1957, Zofia Wasilkowska was the first woman to serve as a Minister of Justice in Poland's history. Each Minister of Justice between 1990 and 2010 and since 2016 has also been Public Prosecutor General (Poland), Public Prosecutor General. Competences of the Minister of Justice The regulation defines the detailed scope of the Minis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
