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Ceteosauria
Sauropoda (), whose members are known as sauropods (; from ''wikt:sauro-, sauro-'' + ''wikt:-pod, -pod'', 'lizard-footed'), is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs. Sauropods had very long necks, long tails, small heads (relative to the rest of their body), and four thick, pillar-like legs. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes the largest animals to have ever lived on land. Well-known genus, genera include ''Apatosaurus'', ''Argentinosaurus'', ''Alamosaurus'', ''Brachiosaurus'', ''Camarasaurus'', ''Diplodocus,'' and ''Mamenchisaurus''. The oldest known unequivocal sauropod dinosaurs are known from the Early Jurassic. ''Isanosaurus'' and ''Antetonitrus'' were originally described as Triassic sauropods, but their age, and in the case of ''Antetonitrus'' also its sauropod status, were subsequently questioned. Sauropod-like sauropodomorph tracks from the Fleming Fjord Formation (Greenland) might, however, indicate the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series (stratigraphy), series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Geologic time scale, ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', ''Herrerasaurus'', and ''Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich August von Namoh, Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lessemsauridae
Lessemsauridae is a clade (family) of early sauropodiform dinosaurs that lived in the Triassic and Jurassic of Argentina, South Africa and possibly Lesotho. A phylogenetic analysis performed by Apaldetti and colleagues in 2018 recovered a new clade of sauropodiforms uniting ''Lessemsaurus'', '' Antetonitrus'', and '' Ingentia'' which they named Lessemsauridae. It is a node-based taxon, defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of ''Lessemsaurus sauropoides'' and ''Antetonitrus ingenipes''. Depending on the definition of Sauropoda, Lessemsauridae is either one of the most basal sauropod taxa, or a sister taxon of Sauropoda. An additional member of the clade was named later in 2018, '' Ledumahadi''. A 2021 study by Pol and colleagues also assigned the genera ''Kholumolumo'' and '' Meroktenos'' to the group. Description Lessemsaurids were quadrupeds. Unlike later sauropods, which had columnar limbs, the forelimbs of lessemsaurids were flexed. Sauropodomorph trac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferganasaurus
''Ferganasaurus'' (meaning "Fergana Valley lizard") was a genus of dinosaur first formally described in 2003 by Alifanov and Averianov. The type species is ''Ferganasaurus verzilini''. It was a sauropod similar to ''Rhoetosaurus''. ''Ferganasaurus'' is known exclusively from the Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan, which dates to the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic. Discovery and naming The holotype, PIN N 3042/1 (two dorsal and sixteen caudal vertebrae, a pelvis and limb bones), was discovered in 1966 by Kurzanov and Rhozdestvensky in Middle Jurassic (Callovian)-aged rocks from the Balabansai Formation, Kyrgyzstan, but it was subsequently lost with only drawings of the holotype remaining. A 2000 expedition into the Balabansai Formation yielded a second specimen of ''Ferganasaurus'', but despite this new material, and the drawings of the originals, no cranial Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and other animals. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bothriospondylus
''Bothriospondylus'', from Ancient Greek βοθρίον (''bothríon''), meaning "trench", and σπόνδυλος (''spóndulos''), meaning "vertebra", is a nomen dubium, dubious genus of neosauropod sauropod dinosaur. It lived during the Late Jurassic in England, and the type and only species is ''B. suffossus''. Discovery and naming The type species, ''Bothriospondylus suffossus'', was described by Richard Owen in 1875. The specific name (zoology), specific epithet ''suffossus'' means "undermined" in Latin, a reference to the fact that Vertebral column#In dinosaurs, pleurocoels had hollowed out the sides of the vertebra. It is often incorrectly spelled as "suffosus". Owen based the species on holotype NHMUK PV R 44592-5, a set of four dorsal vertebrae found in Wiltshire in stratum from the Kimmeridgian, the Kimmeridge Clay. Also three unfused sacral vertebrae were referred. At the same time Owen named three other species of ''Bothriospondylus''. ''B. robustus'' was based on NHM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asiatosaurus
''Asiatosaurus'' (meaning "Asian lizard") is an extinct genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur which lived during the Early Cretaceous in Mongolia and China. The type species is known only from teeth, making it difficult to rely on information until more specimens are found to expand our knowledge, and another species is known, also based on scant remains; both are now classified as ''nomina dubia''. Species ''Asiatosaurus mongoliensis'' The type species, ''A. mongoliensis'', was described by Osborn, in 1924, based on AMNH 6264, a broken tooth from the Öösh Formation of Övörkhangai Province, Mongolia. It was the first sauropod genus named from East-Asia. ''cf.'' ''Asiatosaurus mongoliensi''s is known from the Shengjinkou Formation of China. ''Asiatosaurus kwangshiensis'' ''A. kwangshiensis'', the second species, was described by Hou, Yeh and Zhao, in 1975 based on IVPP V4794, a tooth, three cervical vertebrae and multiple ribs from the Xinlong Formation of Guangx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeodontosaurus
''Archaeodontosaurus'' ("ancient-toothed lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. Its fossils were found in the Isalo III Formation of Madagascar. The type species, ''Archaeodontosaurus descouensi'', was described in September 2005. The specific name honours the collector, Didier Descouens. It is a probable sauropod, with prosauropod Sauropodomorpha ( ; from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of long-necked, herbivorous, saurischian dinosaurs that includes the Sauropoda, sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Sauropods generally grew to very large siz ...-like teeth.Éric Buffetaut. 2005. A new sauropod dinosaur with prosauropod-like teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar. ''Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France'', 176(5), 467–473. It may be a basal member of Gravisauria. References External links dml.cmnh.org * Sauropoda Dinosaur genera Middle Jurassic dinosaurs Dinosaurs of Madagascar Fos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algoasaurus
''Algoasaurus'' (; "Algoa Bay reptile") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Berriasian- early Valanginian-age Early Cretaceous Upper Kirkwood Formation of Cape Province, South Africa, specifically near a town called Despatch. Only one species, ''A. bauri'', is known. Discovery and naming The holotype, a cervical vertebra, femur, an ungual phalanx and a scapula, was recovered in 1903 from a quarry in Despatch, Eastern Cape which exposed part of the Upper Kirkwood Formation by workmen who did not recognize them as dinosaur specimens, so many of the bones, probably including the rest of the once near-complete holotype, were made into bricks and thus destroyed;Broom, R. (1904)On the occurrence of an opisthocoelian dinosaur (''Algoasaurus Bauri'') in the Cretaceous beds of South Africa.''Geological Magazine'', decade 5, 1(483):445-447. it is possible that bricks in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality may still contain parts of the ''Algoasaurus'' holotype. Accordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusauropoda
Eusauropoda (meaning "True Lizard Foot") is a derived clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Eusauropods represent the node-based group that includes all descendant sauropods starting with the basal eusauropods of '' Shunosaurus'', and possibly '' Barapasaurus'', and '' Amygdalodon'', but excluding ''Vulcanodon'' and '' Rhoetosaurus''. The Eusauropoda was coined in 1995 by Paul Upchurch to create a monophyletic new taxonomic group that would include all sauropods, except for the vulcanodontids. Eusauropoda are herbivorous, quadrupedal, and have long necks. They have been found in South America, Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The temporal range of Eusauropoda ranges from the early Jurassic to the Latest Cretaceous periods. The most basal forms of eusauropods are not well known and because the cranial material for the ''Vulcanodon'' is not available, and the distribution of some of these shared derived traits that distinguish Eusauropoda is still completely clear. Howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zizhongosaurus
''Zizhongosaurus'' (meaning "Zizhong lizard") is a genus of basal herbivorous sauropod dinosaur which lived in the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Period of China. It was a large-bodied herbivore characterized by a long neck. Discovery and naming The genus and its type species ''Zizhongosaurus chuanchengensis'' were named in 1983 by Dong Zhiming, in a volume written by himself, Zhou Shiwu, and Zhang Yihong. The generic name is derived from Zizhong County in Sichuan Province. The specific name refers to the town of Chuancheng. The type specimens consist of three syntypes: V9067.1 is a partial dorsal vertebra; V9067.2 is a humerus or upper arm; and V9067.3 is a pubis. All specimens likely were part of a single skeleton, collected from the Ziliujing Formation. ''Zizhongosaurus'' was described as a small species.Dong, Z., Zhou, S., Zhang, Y. (1983). "Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan". ''Palaeontologica Sinica'' 162 New Series C 23. Science Press Peking: pp. 1-136 In 1999 Li Ku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulcanodon
''Vulcanodon'' (meaning "volcano tooth") is an extinct genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Uppermost Forest Sandstone of southern Africa. The only known species is ''V. karibaensis''. Discovered in 1969 in Zimbabwe, it was regarded as the earliest-known sauropod for decades, and is still one of the most basal (phylogenetics), primitive sauropods that has been discovered. As a quadrupedal, terrestrial animal, ground-dwelling herbivore, ''Vulcanodon'' already showed the typical sauropod body plan with column-like legs and a long neck and tail. It was smaller than most other sauropods, measuring approximately in length. ''Vulcanodon'' is known from a fragmentary skeleton including much of the pelvis, pelvic girdle, hindlimbs, forearms, and tail, but lacking the trunk and neck vertebrae as well as the skull. Originally, this genus was believed to be a prosauropod because of the knife-shaped teeth found near its fossils, which fit in with the idea that prosauropods we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tazoudasaurus
''Tazoudasaurus'' is a genus of gravisaurian, probably a vulcanodontidae, vulcanodontid sauropod dinosaurs hailing from the late Early Jurassic (Toarcian), that was recovered in the "Toundoute Continental Series" (Azilal Formation) located in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco in North Africa. Along with ''Patagosaurus'', ''Volkheimeria'', ''Bagualia'' and ''Perijasaurus'' (as well maybe ''Barapasaurus'' and ''Kotasaurus'') represents one of the few sauropods named from this stage on Gondwana, as well as the only one from Africa. Discovery and naming Back in the early 2000s, several excavations took place in the High Atlas near Toundoute, in the province of Ouarzazate, where a series 300 m thick continental redbeds are exposed. In these redbeds, two main fossiliferous localities were initially denominated "To1 site" and excavated in the Duar of Tazouda, a hill near Toundoute, separated 30 m from each other. The remains, consisting of the holotype, a partial adult skeleton and cra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinophorosaurus
''Spinophorosaurus'' is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Niger during the Middle Jurassic period. The first two specimens were excavated in the 2000s by German and Spanish teams under difficult conditions. The skeletons were brought to Europe and digitally replicated, making ''Spinophorosaurus'' the first sauropod to have its skeleton 3D printed, and were to be returned to Niger in the future. Together, the two specimens represented most of the skeleton of the genus, and one of the most completely known Basal (phylogenetics), basal sauropods of its time and place. The first skeleton was made the holotype specimen of the new genus and species ''Spinophorosaurus nigerensis'' in 2009; the generic name ("spine-bearing lizard") refers to what was initially thought to be spiked osteoderms, and the specific name (Niger and -ensis) refers to where it was found. A juvenile sauropod from the same area was later assigned to the genus. The subadult holotype specimen is e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
