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Cesina Family
The Cesina family is an Italian family of Roman Italy, Roman-Lombards, Lombard origin. Origins The Cesina family takes its surname from the fiefdom, being vassals of the List of Dukes and Princes of Benevento, Lombard dukes of Duchy of Benevento. Initially the fiefdom, was a wooded area designated for wood cutting and later converted into an agricultural field, formed in 664 as a reward to the vassal by the Lombard king Grimoald, King of the Lombards, Grimoald, King of Italy. The fiefdom Cesina was originally included in the gastaldate of Aquino, Italy, Aquino, which controlled the entire territory of Cassino, and it had considerable strategic importance in guarding the borders of the Duchy of Benevento. The vassals preserved the fief for the List of Dukes and Princes of Benevento, dukes and then princes of Benevento, until 883, when the territory was devastated from the arrival of the Saracens, who came from Agropoli at the invitation of Docibilis I, Duke of Gaeta, who destroye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of The Lombards
The Kingdom of the Lombards ( la, Regnum Langobardorum; it, Regno dei Longobardi; lmo, Regn di Lombard) also known as the Lombard Kingdom; later the Kingdom of (all) Italy ( la, Regnum totius Italiae), was an early medieval state established by the Lombards, a Germanic people, on the Italian Peninsula in the latter part of the 6th century. The king was traditionally elected by the very highest-ranking aristocrats, the dukes, as several attempts to establish a hereditary dynasty failed. The kingdom was subdivided into a varying number of duchies, ruled by semi-autonomous dukes, which were in turn subdivided into gastaldates at the municipal level. The capital of the kingdom and the center of its political life was Pavia in the modern northern Italian region of Lombardy. The Lombard invasion of Italy was opposed by the Byzantine Empire, which retained control of much of the peninsula until the mid-8th century. For most of the kingdom's history, the Byzantine-ruled Exarcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Sicily 1154
Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama starring Stephen Fry * ''Kingdom'' (American TV series), a 2014 US television drama starring Frank Grillo * ''Kingdom'' (South Korean TV series), a 2019 South Korean television series *'' Kingdom: Legendary War'', a 2021 South Korean television series Music * Kingdom (group), a South Korean boy group * ''Kingdom'' (Koda Kumi album), 2008 * ''Kingdom'' (Bilal Hassani album), 2019 * ''Kingdom'' (Covenant Worship album), 2014 * ''Kingdoms'' (Life in Your Way album), 2011 * ''Kingdoms'' (Broadway album), 2009 * ''Kingdom'' (EP), a 1998 EP by Vader * "Kingdom" (Dave Gahan song), 2007 * "Kingdom" (Maverick City Music and Kirk Franklin song), 2022 * "Kingdom", a song by Battle Beast on their 2013 album '' Battle Beast'' * "Kingdom", a so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandulf IV Of Capua
Pandulf IVAlso spelled ''Randulf'', ''Bandulf'', ''Pandulph'', ''Pandolf'', ''Paldolf'', or ''Pandolfo''. (died 1049/50) was the Prince of Capua on three separate occasions. From February 1016 to 1022 he ruled in association with his cousin Pandulf II. In 1018, the Byzantine catapan Basil Boioannes destroyed the Lombard army of Melus of Bari and his Norman allies at Cannae. This victory brought the Byzantines recognition by all the princes of the Mezzogiorno, which had previously owed allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor. Among these Pandulf was most ardent in his support of the Byzantines. He assisted Boioannes in capturing Melus' brother-in-law Dattus' tower on the Garigliano in 1020, but this brought a large army down from Germany. A detachment under Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne, marched down the Tyrrhenian coast and besieged Capua. In 1022 the prince was taken and a new prince, Pandulf, count of Teano, installed. Pandulf IV was brought in chains to the Emperor He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atenulf (abbot Of Montecassino)
Atenulf (died 30 March 1022) was the Abbot of Montecassino from 1011 until his death. He was a cousin of Prince Pandulf II of Capua, a younger son of Prince Pandulf III and brother of Prince Pandulf IV. Abbacy In 999, Atenulf was given as a hostage to Duke Ademar of Spoleto after the latter raided the Principality of Capua on behalf of the Emperor Otto III. Ademar sent his hostage back to Germany. Atenulf's stay in Germany seems to have left an impression: German architectural influence is evident in the buildings he erected while abbot. He was elected abbot in 1011, and in 1014 he received a diploma from the recently-crowned Emperor Henry II. On 13 March 1014, he received a privilege listing the lands of Montecassino from Pope Benedict VIII. On 5 May 1017, Princes Pandulf II and Pandulf IV granted the "church, fortified villa and castle" (''ecclesia et castrum et oppidum'') of Civita di Sant'Urbano to Atenulf. On 10 May, they granted the land, mountain and church of Sant'Ang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbot Of Montecassino
This is a list of abbots of Monte Cassino. Italian names are given in italics in parentheses for abbots before the third destruction of the abbey. 6th century * Benedict of Nursia (''Benedetta da Norcia'') : from 525/529 * Constantine (''Costantino'') : 547 – 560? * Simplicius (''Simplicio'') : 560? – 576? * Vitalis (''Vitale'') : 576? – 580? * Bonitus (''Bonito'') : 580? – 584 Between and , the abbey was pillaged and burned by the Lombards and abandoned by its monks. 8th century * Petronax (''Petronace'') : 717? – 747 * Optatus (''Optato'') : 747? – 760 * Ermeris (''Ermeri'') : 760 – 760 * Gratian (''Graziano'') : 760 – 764 * Tomichis (''Tomichi'') : 764 – 771 * Poto (''Potone'') : 771 – 777 * Theodemar (''Teodemaro'') : 777/778 – 796 * Gisulf (''Gisolfo'' or ''Gisulfo'') : 796 – 817 9th century * Apollinaris (''Apollinare'') : 817 – 828 * Deusdedit (''Diodato'') : 828 – 834 * Hilderic (''Ilderico'') : 834 – 834 * Autpert (''Autperto'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Garigliano
The Battle of Garigliano was fought in 915 between Christian forces and the Saracens. Pope John X personally led the Christian forces into battle. The aim was to destroy the Arab fortress on the Garigliano River, which had threatened central Italy and the outskirts of Rome for nearly 30 years. Background After a series of ravaging attacks against the main sites of the Lazio in the second half of the 9th century, the Aghlabids established a colony next to the ancient city of Minturnae, near the Garigliano River. Here they even formed alliances with the nearby Christian princes (notably the hypati of Gaeta), taking advantage of the division between them. In 909, the Aghlabid Dynasty had been overthrown and replaced by the Fatimids, who assumed control over their territories in North Africa and southern Italy. Pope John X, however, managed to reunite these princes in an alliance in order to oust the Fatimids from their dangerous strongpoint. The Christian armies united the pope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presenzano
Presenzano (Campanian: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about north of Naples and about northwest of Caserta. Presenzano borders the following municipalities: Conca della Campania, Marzano Appio, Mignano Monte Lungo, Pratella, Sesto Campano, Tora e Piccilli, Vairano Patenora. Notable people *Adriana Giramonti Adriana Giramonti (1929–2016) was an Italian-American chef who co-founded restaurant ''Giramonti's'' in Mill Valley, California in 1977. Early life and education Adriana Silvestri was born on May 24, 1929, in Presenzano, Italy. Her parents wer ... - chef References Cities and towns in Campania {{Campania-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbey Of Monte Cassino
Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first house of the Benedictine Order, having been established by Benedict of Nursia himself around 529. It was for the community of Monte Cassino that the Rule of Saint Benedict was composed. The first monastery on Monte Cassino was sacked by the invading Lombards around 570 and abandoned. Of the first monastery almost nothing is known. The second monastery was established by Petronax of Brescia around 718, at the suggestion of Pope Gregory II and with the support of the Lombard Duke Romuald II of Benevento. It was directly subject to the pope and many monasteries in Italy were under its authority. In 883, the monastery was sacked by Saracens and abandoned again. The community of monks resided first at Teano and then from 914 at Capua bef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Gaeta
This is a list of the hypati, patricians, consuls, and dukes of Gaeta. Many of the dates are uncertain and sometimes the status of the rulership, with co-rulers and suzerain–vassal relations, is vague. Native rule (839–1032) Anatolian dynasty * Constantine (839–866) *Marinus I (839–866) Docibilan dynasty *Docibilis I (866-906) *John I (867–933 or 934), also patrician from 877 * Docibilis II (914 or 915–954), co–hypatus from 906 * John II (954–962 or 963), co–duke from 933 or 934, consul * Gregory (962 or 963–978) *Marinus II (978–984) * John III (984–1008), co–duke from 979 * John IV (1008–1012), co–duke from 991 *John V (1012–1032), also consul ** Emilia, grandmother, regent (1012–1027) ** Leo I, uncle, regent (1017–1023) Lombard period (1032–1064) In 1041, Guaimar gave direct control and his title to the count of Aversa. In 1058, Gaeta was made subject to the count of Aversa, by then prince of Capua. * Pandulf I (1032–1038) * Pandulf II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Docibilis I
Docibilis I ( it, Docibile; died before 914) was the Hypatus of Gaeta from 867 until his death. The sudden disappearance of the co-hypati Constantine and Marinus I after 866 suggests that Docibilis' assumption of power was violent. He is first cited as a ''prefecturius'' and then as ''hypatus'' from 877, when he followed his predecessor's example and associated his son John with him. In his first years in office, he was faced with raids by the Aghlabids and he fell into their hands. After being liberated by Amalfi, he made peace with the Aghlabids and was excommunicated by Pope John VIII. In 876, the pope was down in the Mezzogiorno recruiting the princes of Capua and Salerno for the war with the Aghlabid Emirate of Sicily. Docibilis met the pope at Traetto, but could not come to terms. The pope then interfered in the Capuan succession on the death (879) of Landulf II to impose Pandenulf over Lando in return for Pandenulf attacking Docibilis. Formia was captured and Docibilis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agropoli
Agropoli is a town and ''comune'' located in the Cilento area of the province of Salerno, Campania, Italy. It is situated at the start of the Cilentan Coast, on the Tyrrhenian Sea. History Pre-medieval period The promontory on which Agropoli stands has been inhabited since Neolithic times. It seems, however, that it was not until the later Bronze and Iron Ages that it came to be continuously inhabited by a stable, indigenous population, which lived off hunting and fishing. To the east of the promontory, at the mouth of the River Testene, there is a natural sheltered bay, called "Foce" in ancient times, but which is now almost completely silted up. Before and after the foundation of nearby Poseidonia (c. 625 BC), the Greeks used it for trading with the local people. They gave the promontory the Greek name, ''Petra'' ("rocky hill"), and built a temple on it, dedicated to Artemis, the Goddess of Hunting. It has been established that in Roman times, on the coastal stretch, now kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saracens
upright 1.5, Late 15th-century German woodcut depicting Saracens Saracen ( ) was a term used in the early centuries, both in Greek and Latin writings, to refer to the people who lived in and near what was designated by the Romans as Arabia Petraea and Arabia Deserta. The term's meaning evolved during its history of usage. During the Early Middle Ages, the term came to be associated with the tribes of Arabia. The oldest known source mentioning "Saracens" in relation to Islam dates back to the 7th century, in the Greek-language Christian tract ''Doctrina Jacobi''. Among other major events, the tract discusses the Muslim conquest of the Levant, which occurred after the rise of the Rashidun Caliphate following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Roman-Catholic church and European Christian leaders used the term during the Middle Ages to refer to Muslims—usually Arabs, Turks, and Iranians. By the 12th century, "Saracen" had become synonymous with "Muslim" in Medieva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
