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Cerro Murphy Observatory
Cerro Murphy Observatory (Spanish: ''Observatorio Cerro Murphy,'' OCM; Polish: ''Obserwatorium Cerro Murphy'', OCM; German: ''Observatorium Cerro Murphy,'' OCM; full name since 2023 is Rolf Chini Cerro Murphy Observatory) is an international astrophysical project hosted by the European Southern Observatory, ESO Paranal Observatory and operated by the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The observatory is located on Cerro Murphy, which is a hill located to the southwest and below the Summit (topography), summit of Cerro Armazones, a mountain in the Antofagasta Region of Chile, south of Antofagasta. OCM is located at altitude and currently houses 5 telescopes, whose diameters range between 0.3 and 1.5 m (1 and 5 ft). The observatory was established in 2005, owned and operated jointly by the Ruhr University Bochum (RUB) and the Catholic University of the North (UCN) until 2020, when it was transferred to the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center Of The Polish Academy Of Sciences
The Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center (Polish language, Polish: ''Centrum Astronomiczne im. Mikołaja Kopernika''), also CAMK or NCAC, is a Polish scientific research institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. It is a leading institution in the country in the field of astronomy. History In the 1950s the Polish Academy of Sciences began planning for a new center for astronomers from all over Poland. However, a few years later the Academy's administration decided to withdraw from the project, and it was never funded. In the early 1970s a group of Polish astronomers proposed a new initiative. During an assembly of the Polish Academy of Sciences, professors Bohdan Paczyński and :pl:Józef Smak, Józef Smak presented a project for a theoretical-astrophysics institute, in order to overcome problems related to the high cost of building a telescope. In May 1971 the US National Academy of Sciences sent an envoy to Poland from Yerkes Observatory. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) is an Astronomy, astronomical observatory located on the summit of Mt. Cerro Tololo in the Coquimbo Region of northern Chile, with additional facilities located on Mt. Cerro Pachón about to the southeast. It is approximately east of La Serena, Chile, La Serena, where support facilities are located. The principal telescopes at CTIO are the 4 m Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, named after Puerto Rican astronomer Víctor Manuel Blanco, and the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, which is situated on Cerro Pachón. Other telescopes on Cerro Tololo include the 1.5 m, 1.3 m, 1.0 m, and 0.9 m telescopes operated by the SMARTS consortium. CTIO also hosts other research projects, such as PROMPT (telescope), PROMPT, WHAM, and Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, LCOGTN, providing a platform for access to the southern hemisphere for U.S. and worldwide scientific research. History In 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Zeiss AG
Zeiss ( ; ) is a German manufacturer of optical systems and optoelectronics, founded in Jena, Germany, in 1846 by optician Carl Zeiss. Together with Ernst Abbe (joined 1866) and Otto Schott (joined 1884) he laid the foundation for today's multinational company. The current company emerged from a reunification of Carl Zeiss companies in East and West Germany with a consolidation phase in the 1990s. ZEISS is active in four business segments with approximately equal revenue (Industrial Quality and Research, Medical Technology, Consumer Markets and Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology) in almost 50 countries, has 30 production sites and around 25 development sites worldwide. Carl Zeiss AG is the holding of all subsidiaries within Zeiss Group, of which Carl Zeiss Meditec AG is the only one that is traded at the stock market. Carl Zeiss AG is owned by the foundation Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung. The Zeiss Group has its headquarters in southern Germany, in the small town of Oberkochen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2MASS
The Two Micron All-Sky Survey, or 2MASS, was an astronomical survey of the whole sky in infrared light. It took place between 1997 and 2001, in two different locations: at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, and at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, each using a 1.3-meter telescope for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. It was conducted in the short-wavelength infrared at three distinct frequency bands ( J, H, and K) near 2 micrometres, from which the photometric survey with its HgCdTe detectors derives its name. 2MASS produced an astronomical catalog with over 300 million observed objects, including minor planets of the Solar System, brown dwarfs, low-mass stars, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies. In addition, 1 million objects were cataloged in the ''2MASS Extended Source Catalog'' (''2MASX''). The cataloged objects are designated with a "2MASS" and "2MASX"-prefix respectively. Catalog The fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halfmann Teleskoptechnik
Halfmann Teleskoptechnik is a German-based manufacturer of professional robotic telescopes. Origins and history The professional branch of the company started in 1996 with delivery of special devices ( siderostats) for the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Projects Recent telescope projects include the Hamburg Robotic Telescope HRT of the ''Hamburger Sternwarte'' (Hamburg Observatory) completed in 2005, the MONET telescopes installed at McDonald Observatory in Texas, and the South African Astronomical Observatory in South Africa. STELLA and RoboTel telescopes erected at Izana Observatory in Tenerife and at Potsdam, Germany, and IRIS Infrared telescope to be installed at Cerro Armazones Observatory in Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci .... All telesco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasmyth Telescope
The Nasmyth telescope, also called Nasmyth–Cassegrain or Cassegrain–Nasmyth, is a reflecting telescope developed by the Scottish inventor James Nasmyth in 1845. It is a modified form of a Cassegrain telescope, with light reflected sideways to an eyepiece. Scheme As in the Cassegrain telescope, the light falls on a concave primary mirror, then is reflected towards a convex secondary mirror. A comparatively small tertiary flat mirror reflects the light to one of the sides of the telescope. (The central hole in the primary mirror may still host a Cassegrain focus if the tertiary can be moved out of the way.) This flat mirror is placed on the altitude axis, so that the beam exits through a hole in the middle of the altitude bearing. This means the eyepiece or instrument does not need to move up and down with the telescope as the tertiary mirror's angle with the main telescope axis is adjustable as a function of the telescope's pointing and the star's elevation above the horizo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reflecting Telescope
A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century by Isaac Newton as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration. Although reflecting telescopes produce other types of optical aberrations, it is a design that allows for very large diameter Objective (optics), objectives. Almost all of the major telescopes used in astronomy research are reflectors. Many variant forms are in use and some employ extra optical elements to improve image quality or place the image in a mechanically advantageous position. Since reflecting telescopes use mirrors, the design is sometimes referred to as a catoptrics, catoptric telescope. From the time of Newton to the 1800s, the mirror itself was made of metalusually speculum metal. This type included Newton's first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equatorial Mount
An equatorial mount is a mount for instruments that compensates for Earth's rotation by having one rotational axis, called ''polar axis'', parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation. This type of mount is used for astronomical telescope mount, telescopes and cameras. The advantage of an equatorial mount lies in its ability to allow the instrument attached to it to stay fixed on any celestial object with diurnal motion by driving one axis at a constant speed. Such an arrangement is called a ''sidereal drive'' or ''clock drive''. Equatorial mounts achieve this by aligning their rotational axis with the Earth, a process known as ''polar alignment''. Astronomical telescope mounts In astronomical telescope mounts, the equatorial axis (the ''right ascension'') is paired with a second perpendicular coordinate axis, axis of motion (known as the ''declination''). The equatorial axis of the mount is often equipped with a motorized "''clock drive''", that rotates that axis one revolution e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectrograph
An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. The variable measured is most often the irradiance of the light but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. The independent variable is usually the wavelength of the light or a closely derived physical quantity, such as the corresponding wavenumber or the photon energy, in units of measurement such as centimeters, reciprocal centimeters, or electron volts, respectively. A spectrometer is used in spectroscopy for producing spectral lines and measuring their wavelengths and intensities. Spectrometers may operate over a wide range of non-optical wavelengths, from gamma rays and X-rays into the far infrared. If the instrument is designed to measure the spectrum on an absolute scale rather than a relative one, then it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johnson-Cousins Photometric System
__NOTOC__ The UBV photometric system (from ''Ultraviolet, Blue, Visual''), also called the Johnson system (or Johnson-Morgan system), is a photometric system usually employed for classifying stars according to their colors. It was the first standardized photometric system. The apparent magnitudes of stars in the system are often used to determine the color indices B−V and U−B, the difference between the B and V magnitudes and the U and B magnitudes respectively. The system is defined using a set of color optical filters in combination with an RMA 1P21 photomultiplier tube. The choice of colors on the blue end of the spectrum was assisted by the bias that photographic film has for those colors. It was introduced in the 1950s by American astronomers Harold Lester Johnson and William Wilson Morgan. A telescope and the telescope at McDonald Observatory were used to define the system. The filters that Johnson and Morgan used were Corning 9 863 for U and 3 384 for V. The B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey or SDSS is a major multi-spectral imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2.5-m wide-angle optical telescope at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. The project began in 2000 and was named after the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, which contributed significant funding. A consortium of the University of Washington and Princeton University was established to conduct a redshift survey. The Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) was established in 1984 with the additional participation of New Mexico State University and Washington State University to manage activities at Apache Point. In 1991, the Sloan Foundation granted the ARC funding for survey efforts and the construction of equipment to carry out the work. Background At the time of its design, the SDSS was a pioneering combination of novel instrumentation as well as data reduction and storage techniques that drove major advances in astronomical observations, dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strömgren Photometric System
The Strömgren photometric system, abbreviated also as ''uvbyβ'' or simply ''uvby'', and sometimes referred as Strömgren - Crawford photometric system, is a four-colour medium-passband photometric system plus Hβ (H-beta) filters for determining magnitudes and obtaining spectral classification of stars. Its use was pioneered by the Danish astronomer Bengt Strömgren in 1956 and was extended by his colleague the American astronomer David L. Crawford in 1958. It is often considered to be a powerful tool and successful investigating the brightness and effective temperature of stars. This photometric system also has a general advantage as it can be used to measure the effects of reddening and interstellar extinction. This system also allows calculation of parameters from the b and y filters (b-y) without the effects of reddening, termed m_1 and c_1. Wavelength and half-width response functions The following table shows the characteristics of each of the filters used (represented ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
