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Cephas Speak
Cephas Speak (2 April 1873 – 18 December 1958) was a British trade union leader who served as secretary of the United Textile Factory Workers' Association. Speak grew up in Burnley, and began working at a local cotton mill as a loom sweeper when he was ten years old. He became active in the Burnley Weavers' Association, and after twenty-five years was employed part-time as the assistant secretary of the Oldham Weavers' Association. After a few months, he left this job to become assistant secretary of the Bolton Weavers' Association, then in 1910, he became the first full-time secretary of the Bolton Weavers. The following year, he was also appointed as a magistrate in Bolton. In 1931, Speak was additionally elected as secretary of the United Textile Factory Workers' Association The United Textile Factory Workers' Association (UTFWA) was a trade union federation in Great Britain. It was active from 1889 until 1975. Objectives The federation was founded in 1889, to re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 England And Wales Register
The National Registration Act 1939 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. The initial National Registration Bill was introduced to Parliament as an emergency measure at the start of the Second World War. The Act provided for the establishment of a constantly-maintained National Register of the civilian population of the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man, and for the issuance of identity cards based on data held in the register, and required civilians to present their identity cards on demand to police officers and other authorised persons. Following the passing of the Act by Parliament on 5 September 1939, registrations and the issuing of identity cards commenced on 29 September. Registration and identity cards Every man, woman and child had to carry an identity (ID) card at all times and the cards would include the following information: *Name *Sex *Date of birth (and thus age) *Occupation, profession, trade or employment. The Register had also collected informati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British People
British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.: British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, "British" or "Britons" can refer to the Ancient Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany, whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people, Cornish people, and Bretons. It also refers to citizens of the former British Empire, who settled in the country prior to 1973, and hold neither UK citizenship nor nationality. Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity.. The notion of Britishness and a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (such as holiday, health care, and retirement), improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The delegate staff of the trade union representation in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members in democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Textile Factory Workers' Association
The United Textile Factory Workers' Association (UTFWA) was a trade union federation in Great Britain. It was active from 1889 until 1975. Objectives The federation was founded in 1889, to represent the various textile workers' unions in political matters.D. A. Farnie, ''Region and Strategy in Britain and Japan'', p.117 A successor to the Northern Counties Factory Acts Reform Association, it had a broader outlook, not just campaigning on the implementation and extension of the Factory Acts. The UTFWA initially represented around 125,000 workers, three-quarters within twenty miles of Bolton in Lancashire. By the early twentieth century, its members were organised in the Amalgamated Association of Card and Blowing Room Operatives, Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners, Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers, Amalgamated Weavers' Association, General Union of Loom Overlookers and Operative Bleachers, Dyers and Finishers Association. Later me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burnley
Burnley () is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England, with a 2001 population of 73,021. It is north of Manchester and east of Preston, at the confluence of the River Calder and River Brun. The town is located near the countryside to the south and east, with the towns of Padiham and Brierfield to the west and north respectively. It has a reputation as a regional centre of excellence for the manufacturing and aerospace industries. The town began to develop in the early medieval period as a number of farming hamlets surrounded by manor houses and royal forests, and has held a market for more than 700 years. During the Industrial Revolution it became one of Lancashire's most prominent mill towns; at its peak, it was one of the world's largest producers of cotton cloth and a major centre of engineering. Burnley has retained a strong manufacturing sector, and has strong economic links with the cities of Manchester an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burnley Weavers' Association
The Burnley and District Weavers', Winders' and Beamers' Association was a trade union representing workers in the cotton industry in the Burnley area of Lancashire, in England. As cotton manufacturing dominated the town's economy, the trade union played an important role in the town, and several union officials became prominent national figures. History A union of weavers had existed in Burnley from the 1840s until about 1863, while a second was formed in 1866, but both collapsed, following opposition from employers. This concerned the North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association, which saw an opportunity to organise in the town, and it began recruiting local weavers to the Chorley Weavers' Association, one of its affiliates. By 1870, the Chorley union had enough members in Burnley that they were able to form their own, independent, union, the Burnley and District Weavers' Winders' and Beamers' Association. The end of the decade saw a downturn in the trade and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolton Weavers' Association
The Bolton and District Weavers', Winders' and Warpers' Association was a trade union representing cotton mill workers in the Bolton area of Lancashire in England. The union was the first in the Lancashire cotton industry to appoint a woman as its full-time leader. The union was founded in 1865 as the Excelsior Friendly Society of Toilet and Marseilles Quilt Weavers by Power, with the aim of regulating who was able to start working in the industry. In 1878, it became the Bolton Power Loom Weavers' Association. In 1902 it became the "Bolton and District Weavers', Winders' and Warpers' Association", and eventually it became the Bolton and District Weavers', Winders', Warpers' and Loom-Sweepers' Association. In 1884, the union was a founder member of the Amalgamated Weavers' Association, but it left in 1885, and did not rejoin until 1892. In 1888, it was able to appoint its first full-time general secretary, William Melling, who was succeeded by Cephas Speak. Alice Foley began ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magistrate
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a ''magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales), magistrates are typically trained volunteers appointed to deal with criminal and civil matters in their local areas. Original meaning In ancient Rome, the word ''magistratus'' referred to one of the highest offices of state. Analogous offices in the local authorities, such as '' municipium'', were subordinate only to the legislature of which they generally were members, ''ex officio'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice Foley
Alice Foley (28 November 1891 – 1 July 1974) was a British trade unionist, known as the first women to work full-time as the leader of a trade union in the cotton industry. Born in Bolton in Lancashire, Foley attended her local Roman Catholic school. Her mother was illiterate, but her Irish father enthused her about literature, particularly Shakespeare, and the cause of Irish Home Rule. While she excelled in education, the local Catholic schools were not eligible for any scholarships, so Foley had to leave to work at a local cotton mill at the age of thirteen. Alice's older sister, Cissy, preceded her into the mill, and her involvement in the Bolton and District Weavers', Winders' and Warpers' Association, the local Labour Church and the suffragette movement all inspired Alice. When her father died, Alice joined the local socialist club, and became active in the trade union herself. Foley worked her way to becoming a winder at the mill. When the National Insurance progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Bell (Ormskirk MP)
James Bell (27 August 1872 – 27 December 1955) was a British trade unionist and Labour Party politician who represented Ormskirk from 1918– 22. He was described by a fellow union official as "one of the shrewdest negotiators the trade unions in the cotton industry had ever had." Biography Bell was born in Darlington, County Durham, the son of John Bell, a coalminer, and his wife, Margaret (''née'' Guy). At age 13, he began working as a cotton weaver at a factory in Haworth, Yorkshire, then moved with his father and brothers to Nelson, Lancashire to work in one of the town's mills. He became involved in trade union activities, leading to his sacking on three occasions. He subsequently moved to the town of Oldham, becoming secretary of the Oldham district of the Amalgamated Weavers' Association in 1905, the first of many posts he held with the organisation over the next 41 years, including vice-president (1930–37) and president (1937–45). He was the first president o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest Thornton
Ernest Thornton (18 May 1905 – 5 February 1992) was a British Labour Party politician. He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Farnworth Farnworth is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England, southeast of Bolton, 4.3 miles south-west of Bury (7 km), and northwest of Manchester. Historically in Lancashire, Farnworth lies on the River I ... in a 1952 by-election, and served until his retirement at the 1970 general election. His successor John Roper retained the seat for the Labour Party. References * External links * 1905 births 1992 deaths General Secretaries of the United Textile Factory Workers' Association Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Ministers in the Wilson governments, 1964–1970 Presidents of the Amalgamated Weavers' Association UK MPs 1951–1955 UK MPs 1955–1959 UK MPs 1959–1964 UK MPs 1964–1966 UK MPs 1966–1970 United Textile Factory Workers' Association ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1873 Births
Events January–March * January 1 ** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar. ** The California Penal Code goes into effect. * January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat the United States Army. * February 11 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I, and proclaims the First Spanish Republic. * February 12 ** Emilio Castelar, the former foreign minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic. ** The Coinage Act of 1873 in the United States is signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant; coming into effect on April 1, it ends bimetallism in the U.S., and places the country on the gold standard. * February 20 ** The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco. ** British naval officer John Moresby discovers the site of Port Moresby, and claims the land for Britain. * March 3 – Censorship: The United States Congress enacts the Coms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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