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Central African Currency Board
The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe ( RBZ) is the central bank of Zimbabwe and is headquartered in the country’s capital Harare. History The bank traces its history to the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia, founded on 22 May 1964, but which succeeded the Bank of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1956-1963) which had been liquidated at the collapse of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1963. Prior to 1956, there was a Central African Currency Board from 1953, but which had been established as the Southern Rhodesia Currency Board in 1938 to provide Rhodesian currency, fully backed and bound to the British pound sterling at par face value. The local currency which Central African Currency Board was mandated to supply to Southern Rhodesia (colonial Zimbabwe), Northern Rhodesia (colonial Zambia) and Nyasaland (colonial Malawi) had been established through the Southern Rhodesia Coinage and Currency Act of 1932. The Reserve Bank of Rhodesia (which became the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe at independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Ownership
State ownership, also called public ownership or government ownership, is the ownership of an Industry (economics), industry, asset, property, or Business, enterprise by the national government of a country or State (polity), state, or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or Private property, private party. Public ownership specifically refers to industries selling goods and services to consumers and differs from Public good, public goods and government services financed out of a Government budget, government's general budget. Public ownership can take place at the Central government, national, regional government, regional, local government, local, or municipal levels of government; or can refer to non-governmental public ownership vested in autonomous public enterprises. Public ownership is one of the three major forms of property ownership, differentiated from private, Collective ownership, collective/cooperative, and common ownership. In marke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marjem Chatterton
Marjem Chatterton (; 28 September 1916 – 27 January 2010) was a pioneering engineer in Israel and Zimbabwe, specialising in multi storey reinforced concrete buildings. She was the first female fellow of the Institution of Structural Engineers. Chatterton designed some of Zimbabwe's first skyscrapers. Early life and education She was born Marjem or Marynia Znamirowska in Warsaw, Poland, in 1916, as an Orthodox Jew. In 1932 the family emigrated to Mandatory Palestine. Znamirowska had intended returning to Poland but by 1934 it was clear that the situation was becoming dangerous for Jews in Poland so Znamirowska attended the Technion – the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa to study engineering. Znamirowska's aunt Rachel Shalon (née Znanmirowska) the first Israeli female engineer, was on faculty there, having qualified in 1930. Career Znamirowska graduated from her civil engineering course in 1939 and began working in the Technical Office of the Collective Settlements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Chikaura
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was '' Ċearl'' or ''Ċeorl'', as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England. The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as ''Karolus'' (as in ''Vita Karoli Magni''), later also as '' Carolus''. Etymology The name's etymology is a Common Germanic noun ''*karilaz'' meaning "free man", which survives in English as churl (James (< Latin ''-us'', see Spanish/ Portuguese ''Carlos''). According to Julius Pokorny, the historical linguist and Indo-European studies, Indo-Europeanist, the root meaning of Charles is "old man", from Proto-Indo-European language, Indo-European *wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonard Tsumba
Leonard or ''Leo'' is a common English masculine given name and a surname. The given name and surname originate from the Old High German '' Leonhard'' containing the prefix ''levon'' ("lion") from the Greek Λέων ("lion") through the Latin ''Leo,'' and the suffix ''hardu'' ("brave" or "hardy"). The name has come to mean "lion strength", "lion-strong", or "lion-hearted". Leonard was the name of a Saint in the Middle Ages period, known as the patron saint of prisoners. Leonard is also an Irish origin surname, from the Gaelic ''O'Leannain'' also found as O'Leonard, but often was anglicised to just Leonard, consisting of the prefix ''O'' ("descendant of") and the suffix ''Leannan'' ("lover"). The oldest public records of the surname appear in 1272 in Huntingdonshire, England, and in 1479 in Ulm, Germany. Variations The name has variants in other languages: * Anard/Nardu/Lewnardu/Leunardu (Maltese) * Leen, Leendert, Lenard (Dutch) * Lehnertz, Lehnert (Luxembourgish) * Len (En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kombo James Moyana
Kombo or Combo was a kingdom and later a chieftaincy in Gambia during the Gambia Colony and Protectorate, colonial period. Kombo was part of the Mali Empire and gained independence after its fall, and was then ruled by the Sambou Bainuk people, Bainunka clan. Mansa Karapha Yalli Jatta became the first King of Kombo, after seeking help from the then independent Kaabu Empire to establish the Kingdom of Kombo, he married the daughter of the Bainuk people, Bainuk Queen Wullending Jasseh of Sanyang, Gambia, Sanyang who sits at Gunjur and took her to Busumbala. Mansa Karapha Yalli Jatta was from the Jatta (Lion) clan who claim ancestry from Sundiata Keita the first Emperor of the Mali Empire. Kombo was ruled by two families, the Jatta (Djatta) and Bojang (Bodian) clans, when one clan becomes Mansa, the other clan gets to choose the crown prince from their own clan and vice versa. From 1840-1855 Mansa Suling Jatta was the King of Kombo, he was killed in the Soninke-Marabout War (1850–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Zimbabwe
The president of Zimbabwe is the head of state and head of government of Zimbabwe. The president chairs the national cabinet and is the chief commanding authority of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. The incumbent president is Emmerson Mnangagwa, who was installed on 24 November 2017 after his predecessor, Robert Mugabe, resigned in the aftermath of the 2017 coup d'état. History of the office The office of the president of Zimbabwe was established in 1980, when the country gained independence from the United Kingdom. Per the Lancaster House Agreement, Zimbabwe was originally a parliamentary republic, with the president serving in mostly a ceremonial role. Real power was vested in the prime minister, Robert Mugabe. A Methodist minister, Canaan Banana, became the first president, serving until 1987. He resigned in 1987 shortly after the Constitution was amended to make the presidency an executive post, and the office of Prime Minister was abolished. Mugabe was appointed to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmond Krogh
Desmond Charles Krogh was a South African banker and economist. He was the last governor of the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia, and the first governor of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe from 1976 to 1983. Krogh was born on 19 July 1931 in Windhoek, South West Africa (now Namibia). Krogh graduated from University of Cape Town. He was professor of economics in University of South Africa from 1962 to 1969. He was appointed as assistant economic adviser to the Prime Minister of Rhodesia in 1961. He was a member of the economic advisory council of Prime Minister Ian Smith Ian Douglas Smith (8 April 191920 November 2007) was a Rhodesian politician, farmer, and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia (known as Southern Rhodesia until October 1964 and now known as Zimbabwe) from 1964 to 1979. He w .... Krogh was appointed as deputy governor of Reserve Bank of Rhodesia from 1974 to 1976, and appointed as governor in 1976 for a term of seven years. He died in 2019. Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noel H
Noel or Noël may refer to: Christmas * , French for Christmas * Noel is another name for a Christmas carol Places * Noel, Missouri, United States, a city *Noel, Nova Scotia, Canada, a community *Noel Park, a suburb in Greater London, England * 1563 Noël, an asteroid * Mount Noel, British Columbia, Canada People * Noel (given name) * Noel (surname) Arts, entertainment, and media Music *Noel, another term for a pastorale of a Christmas nature * ''Noël'' (Joan Baez album), 1966 * ''Noël'' (Josh Groban album), 2007 * ''Noel'' (Noel Pagan album), 1988 * ''Noël'' (The Priests album), 2010 * ''Noel'' (Phil Vassar album), 2011 * ''Noel'' (Josh Wilson album), 2012 *''Noel'', 2015 Christmas album by Detail *"The First Noel", a traditional English Christmas carol *"Noel", a 2007 song by All Time Low from '' The Party Scene'' *Noël (singer) (active late 1970s), American disco singer *Noel (band), a South Korean group *Noel Pagan, American freestyle singer who recorded un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthony Grafftey-Smith
Sir Anthony Paul Grafftey-Smith, CBE, TD (1903–1960), born Anthony Paul Grafftey Smith, was a British central banker. He joined the Bank of England in 1923, becoming Assistant Principal of the Discount of Office in 1938. During the Second World War, he served with the British Army and became chief financial officer of the Allied Commission for Italy. After the war, he became Acting Adviser to the Governors in 1947 and Deputy Chief Cashier in 1948. In 1952, he left the Bank of England and became Financial Adviser to the Government of Southern Rhodesia. He was the first head of the Bank of Rhodesia and Nyasaland until his death in 1960, aged 57. He was knighted in the 1960 New Year Honours The New Year Honours 1960 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the ''Lon .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Grafftey- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chairman Of The Board
The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a Board of directors, board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and is required to conduct the group's business in an orderly fashion. In some organizations, the chair is also known as ''President (corporate title), president'' (or other title). In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event. Terminology Terms for the office and its holder include ''chair'', ''chairman'', ''chairwoman'', ''chairperson'', ''convenor'', ''facilitator'', ''moderator (town official), moderator'', ''pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor
A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root ''gubernare''. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation. Ancient empires Pre-Roman empires Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the ancient Rome, Romans, the term ''governor'' has been a convenient term for historians to describe si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Board Of Directors
A board of directors is a governing body that supervises the activities of a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government agency. The powers, duties, and responsibilities of a board of directors are determined by government regulations (including the jurisdiction's corporate law) and the organization's own constitution and by-laws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and may be subordinate to, the organization's full membership, which usually elect the members of the board. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are elected by the shareholders, and the board has ultimate responsibility for the management of the corporation. In nations with codetermination (such as Germany and Sweden), the workers of a corporation elect a set fraction of the board's members. The board of directors appoints the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
