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Censorship In Francoist Spain
Censorship in Francoist Spain was mandated by Francisco Franco in Francoist Spain, between 1936–1975. In Francoist Spain, primary subjects of censorship included public display of liberal political ideology, art forms such as literature and film, as well as symbols of foreign, non-conservative ideologies. This censorship was primarily driven by Franco's vision for ideological unity in Spain. As a result, Franco called for the censorship of materials that promoted liberal ideas from abroad, particular those of European origin. Aside from censorship of foreign ideology, symbols of Spanish identity, such as Catalonia, also became primary targets of censorship. Under his authoritarian reign, censorship was imposed primarily through systemic political repression. The Francoist State repressed expression of liberal social and political ideology among the Spanish public. Aside from strong government censorship, Franco also gained the support of the Catholic Church in perpetuating censor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (born Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975, assuming the title ''Caudillo''. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or as the Francoist dictatorship. Born in Ferrol, Spain, Ferrol, Galicia, into an upper-class military family, Franco served in the Spanish Army as a cadet in the Toledo Infantry Academy from 1907 to 1910. While serving in Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Morocco, he rose through the ranks to become a brigadier general in 1926 at age 33. Two years later, Franco became the director of the General Military Academy in Zaragoza. As a Conservatism, conservative and Monarchism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salamanca
Salamanca () is a Municipality of Spain, municipality and city in Spain, capital of the Province of Salamanca, province of the same name, located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is located in the Campo Charro comarca, in the Meseta Norte, in the northwestern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula. It has a population of 144,436 registered inhabitants (National Institute of Statistics (Spain), INE 2017). Its Área funcional estable, stable functional area reaches 203,999 citizens, which makes it the second most populated in the autonomous community, after Valladolid. Salamanca is known for its large number of remarkable Plateresque-style buildings. The origins of the city date back to about 2700 years ago, during the first Iron Age, when the first settlers of the city settled on the Cerro de San Vicente Archaeological Park (Salamanca), San Vicente hill, on the banks of the Tormes. Since then, the metropolis has witnessed the passage of various peoples: Vaccaei, Vett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In Christianity
Religious censorship is a form of censorship where freedom of expression is controlled or limited using religious authority or on the basis of the teachings of the religion. This form of censorship has a long history and is practiced in many societies and by many religions. Examples include the Edict of Compiègne, the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (list of prohibited books) and the condemnation of Salman Rushdie's novel '' The Satanic Verses'' by Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Religious censorship can also take form in the destruction of monuments and texts that contradict or conflict with the religion practiced by the oppressors, such as attempts to censor the ''Harry Potter'' book series. Destruction of historic places is another form of religious censorship. One cited incident of religious censorship was the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan statues in Afghanistan by radical Islamists as part of their religious goal of oppressing another religion. Overview R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelino Fons
Angelino Fons Fernández (6 March 1936 – 7 June 2011), was a Spanish film director and screenwriter. He is known for his debut film '' La busca'' (''The Search'') (1966). His career was closely linked to literature, adapting classic Spanish novels to the big screen. Career Angelino Fons was born on 6 March 1936 in Madrid, just months before the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. He grew up in Murcia and Orihuela, where he moved with his family in 1940. He studied at the Jesuit school of Santo Domingo in Orihuela, Alicante. He entered the University of Murcia to study Philosophy and Literature. Abandoning his studies at the University of Murcia, Fons returned to Madrid to be trained as a film director and entered the national film school (IIEC), graduating with a specialty in directing in 1960.D’Lugo, ''Guide to the Cinema of Spain'', p. 135 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opus Dei
is an institution of the Catholic Church that was founded in Spain in 1928 by Josemaría Escrivá. Its stated mission is to help its lay and clerical members seek holiness in their everyday occupations and societies. Opus Dei is officially recognized within the Catholic Church, although its status has evolved. It received final approval by the Catholic Church in 1950 by Pope Pius XII. Pope John Paul II made it a personal prelature in 1982 by the apostolic constitution ''Ut sit''. While Opus Dei has received support from the Catholic Church, it is considered controversial. Laypeople make up the majority of its membership; the remainder are secular priests under the governance of a prelate elected by specific members and appointed by the Pope. As ''Opus Dei'' is Latin for "Work of God", the organization is often referred to by members and supporters as "the Work". Aside from their personal charity and social services, they organize training in Catholic spirituality appli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfredo Sánchez Bella
Alfredo Sánchez Bella (2 October 1916 – 24 April 1999) was a Spanish politician. In 1948 he founded a magazine entitled '' Mundo Hispánico'' which became one of the state media outlets. He served as Minister of Information and Tourism of Spain between 1969 and 1973, during the Francoist dictatorship Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death i .... References 1916 births 1998 deaths Information and tourism ministers of Spain Government ministers during the Francoist dictatorship Ambassadors of Spain to the Dominican Republic Spanish magazine founders {{Spain-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movimiento Nacional
The Movimiento Nacional () was a governing institution of Spain established by General Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. During Francoist Spain#Francoism, Francoist rule in Spain, it purported to be the only channel of participation in Spanish public life. It responded to a doctrine of corporatism in which only so-called "natural entities" could express themselves: families, municipalities and unions. It was abolished in 1977. Composition The Movimiento Nacional was primarily composed of: *The One-party state, sole legal party, called Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS) which had been created at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Other parties were prohibited (the sole name of "party" was prohibited to design any type of organization). *The sole trade union organization, called Spanish Syndical Organization, Organización Sindical Española (OSE, popularly known as the ''Sindicato Vertic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcelino Olaechea
Marcelino Olaechea (Marcelino Olaechea Loizaga) (9 January 1889, Baracaldo, Biscay - 21 October 1972, Valencia) was a Spanish Catholic religious, S.D.B, and Bishop of Pamplona during the Spanish Civil War. His father worked in the iron and steel industry and so on Olaechea's episcopal coat of arms, instead of lions rampant or eagles with two heads, a chimney of the Altos Hornos iron foundry at Bilbao appeared. He joined the Salesian Society of St John Bosco, and attained a high administrative position in that congregation, until 25 August 1935, when he was appointed Bishop of Pamplona. His episcopal consecration, at the hands of Federico Tedeschini, the Papal Nuncio, was celebrated in Madrid on 27 October. He was the first Salesian bishop of Spain. On 18 February 1946 he was translated to the Archbishop's see of Valencia and he died there on 21 October 1972. Spanish Civil War Following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, across the whole of the part of Spain which called i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See
The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop of the apostolic see, apostolic episcopal see of Diocese of Rome, Rome, and serves as the spiritual and administrative authority of the worldwide Catholic Church and Vatican City. Under international law, the Legal status of the Holy See, Holy See holds the status of a sovereign juridical entity. According to Sacred tradition, Catholic tradition and historical records, the Holy See was founded in the first century by Saint Peter and Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul. By virtue of the doctrines of Primacy of Peter, Petrine and papal primacy, papal primacy, it is the focal point of full communion for Catholics around the world. The Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over Vatican City, an independent c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concordat Of 1953
The Concordat of 1953 was the last classic concordat of the ... of the Catholic Church, signed on 27 August 1953 by Francoist Spain">Spain (under the rule of Francisco Franco) with the Holy See, Vatican (during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII). Together with the Pact of Madrid, signed the same year, it was a significant effort to break Spain's international isolation after World War II. In return for the granting by the Vatican of the "royal patronage" ('' Patronato real'', the historical privilege of Spanish kings to appoint clerical figures) to Franco, the concordat gave the Catholic Church in Spain a set of privileges such as state funding and exemption from government taxation. The Concordat of 1953 superseded the Concordat of 1851 between Pope Pius IX and Queen Isabella II and Franco's 1941 Convention with the Vatican. Background The First Carlist War (1833-1840) between Liberals and Carlists saw a spike of anti-clerical policies, culminating in the seizing of Church pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Arias Salgado
Gabriel Arias–Salgado Montalvo (3 March 1904 – 26 July 1962) was a Spanish politician of Falangist ideology, who held positions during the Franco dictatorship. Known for his views related to Catholic fundamentalism, he joined the Falange during the course of the Civil War, embarking on a rapid rise in his political career. During the dictatorship, he played an important role in censorship, holding the positions of Vice-Secretary of Popular Education and, later, Minister of Information and Tourism. Likewise, he was also a solicitor in the Francoist courts and a member of the National Council of the Movement. Biography Early years Born in Madrid on 3 March 1904, he studied at the Colegio Nuestra Señora del Recuerdo de Chamartín. Subsequently, he graduated in Classical Languages and Humanities, also receiving a doctorate in philosophy and specializing in theology. In 1937, after the Civil War had started, he joined the rebel zone. A man from Catholic fundamentalism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Action
Catholic Action is a movement of Catholic laity, lay people within the Catholic Church which advocates for increased Catholic influence on society. Catholic Action groups were especially active in the nineteenth century in historically Catholic countries under Anti-clericalism, anti-clerical regimes, such as Spain, Italy, Bavaria, France, and Belgium. Catholic Action is not a political party in and of itself; however, in many times and places, these movements have engaged in political activities. Since World War II, the concept has often been supplanted by Christian democracy, Christian Democrat parties that were organised to combat Communist party, Communist parties and promote Catholic social teaching, Catholic social justice principles in places such as Italy and West Germany. Catholic Action generally includes various subgroups for youth, women, workers, and so on. In the postwar period, the various national Catholic Action organizations for workers formed the World Movement of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
