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Cecilia Sigurdsdotter
Cecilia Sigurdsdatter (1155-1186) was the illegitimate daughter of king Sigurd II of Norway and the mother of King Inge II of Norway. She married the Swedish Folkvid the Lawspeaker in 1177 but abandoned him to marry the Norwegian Birkebeiner Bård Guttormsson in 1184 for politically motivated reasons. She is known for the lawsuits she faced to avoid having her second marriage declared void since her first spouse was still alive. Cecilia's ability to forsake her marriage to Folkvid provides important light on contemporary marriage law in Norway. Cecilia had at least two sons: with Folkvid, Haakon Galen, and Inge with Bård. She died not long after Inge's birth. Haakon would later become one of Inge's rivals for the throne of Norway during the later stages of the civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigurd II Of Norway
Sigurd Haraldsson (Old Norse: ''Sigurðr Haraldsson''; 1133 – 10 June 1155), also called Sigurd Munn, was king of Norway (being Sigurd II) from 1136 to 1155. He was son of Harald Gille, king of Norway and his mistress Thora Guttormsdotter (''Þóra Guthormsdóttir''). He served as co-ruler with his half-brothers, Inge Haraldsson and Eystein Haraldsson. His epithet Munn means "the Mouth" in Old Norse. He was killed in the power-struggle against his brother, Inge, in an early stage of the civil war era in Norway. Reign Sigurd was fostered by Guttorm (''Guthormr'') or Sådegyrd Bårdsson (''Sáðagyrðr Bárðarson'') in Trøndelag. When his father was murdered by the pretender Sigurd Slembe in 1136, Sigurd was made king at the thing of ''Eyrathing''. At the same time, his brothers Inge and Magnus were also made kings and co-rulers. Their respective guardians joined forces against Sigurd Slembe and his ally, the former king Magnus the Blind. The battles against these pretend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inge II Of Norway
Inge II ( Norwegian: ''Inge Bårdsson'', Old Norse: ''Ingi Bárðarson''; 1185 – 23 April 1217) was King of Norway from 1204 to 1217. His reign was within the later stages of the period known in Norwegian history as the age of civil wars. Inge was the king of the ''birkebeiner'' faction. The conclusion of the settlement of Kvitsøy with the ''bagler'' faction in 1208 led to peace for the last nine years of Inge’s reign, at the price of Inge and the ''birkebeiner'' recognising ''bagler'' rule over Viken (the Oslofjord area). Background Inge’s father, Bård, was a prominent '' lendmann'' from the Trøndelag region and a descendant of Tostig Godwinson. He was an early supporter of king Sverre, who brought the ''Birkebeiner'' faction to power in the late 12th century after years of war against king Magnus Erlingsson. Inge’s mother, Cecilia, was the daughter of an earlier king, Sigurd Munn. She had been married to the lawspeaker Folkvid in Värmland Sweden. After her bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folkvid The Lawspeaker
Folkvid was the lawspeaker of Värmland during the second half of the 12th century. He was the father of Håkon Galen, an earl whose son Knut Håkonsson was a claimant for the Norwegian throne. Folkvid is only known from the '' Bagler sagas'', where he is mentioned by virtue of his marriage to Cecilia Sigurdsdotter, an illegitimate daughter of Norwegian king Sigurd Munn. The forced marriage was arranged by the earl Erling Skakke. It was annulled in 1184 by the archbishop of Nidaros The Archdiocese of Nidaros (or Niðaróss) was the metropolitan see covering Norway in the later Middle Ages. The see was the Nidaros Cathedral, in the city of Nidaros (now Trondheim). The archdiocese existed from the middle of the twelfth centu ..., on the initiative of Cecilia's half-brother, king Sverre I of Norway. Most Swedish historians have questioned the historical existence of Folkvid, probably due to lack of reference in Swedish sources from the time.Jan E Almquist (1954) ''Lagsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkebeiner
The Birkebein Party or Birkebeinar (; no, Birkebeinarane ( nynorsk) or ( bokmål)) was the name for a rebellious party in Norway, formed in 1174 around the pretender to the Norwegian throne, Eystein Meyla. The name has its origins in propaganda from the established party that the rebels were so poor that they made their shoes of birch bark. Although originally a pejorative, the opposition adopted the ''Birkebeiner'' name for themselves, and continued using it after they came to power in 1184. Today, the Birkebeins are popularly celebrated for having escorted the two-year-old Haakon Haakonsson, an heir to the Norwegian throne, safely from Lillehammer to Østerdalen to Trondheim, a long and perilous journey through treacherous mountains and forests. This is commemorated through cross-country ski races, Birkebeinerrennet and Birkebeinerrittet. Background The Civil war era in Norway (''borgerkrigstiden'') is a term used for the period between 1130 and 1240 in the hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bård Guttormsson
Bård Guttormsson ( – 3 April 1194) was a Norwegian Birkebeiner and a lieutenant of Sverre of Norway. Patrilineally, he was also a member of the House of Godwin. In the ''Bagler sagas'', Bård is described as very rich, witty, and quiet-natured. Bård was among the third generation of a wealthy family lieutenants based in Rein on Rissa, whose family had historically supported the kings of the House of Gille such as Sigurd II and Haakon Herdebrei. Background As a lieutenant, Bård participated in a great battle between kings Sverre and Magnus V in the Battle of Nordnes on 31 May 1181. ''Sverre's saga'' depicts Bård as having been slow, not very aggressive, and quick to flee. As a result of this, Bård was mocked by his own brothers-in-arms and was refused a horse on the ride to Nidaros. By the spring of 1183, he and Ivar Silke led an expedition to northern Norway against the viking Erling Vidkunnsson in Bjarkøy. By 1184, he was also part of a punitive expedition th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haakon The Crazy
Haakon the Crazy (Old Norse: ''Hákon galinn'', Norwegian: ''Håkon Galen'') was a Norwegian '' jarl'' and Birkebeiner chieftain during the civil war era in Norway. Håkon Galen was born no later than the 1170s and died in 1214. His epithet "the crazy" or "the mad" can also be translated as frenzied, furious or frantic and probably refers to ferociousness in battle. Background Håkon Galen was the son of Folkvid the Lawspeaker and Cecilia Sigurdsdotter, an illegitimate daughter of king Sigurd Munn. Cecilia had been married off to Folkvid the Lawspeaker in Värmland in Sweden, by her father's enemies after he had been defeated and killed in 1155. In 1177, Sverre arrived in Norway and took over leadership of the Birkebeiner rebel faction. Sverre claimed to be an illegitimate son of king Sigurd Munn, and thus Cecilia's half-brother. Subsequently Cecilia left her husband and returned to Norway, probably taking young Håkon with her. After Sverre succeeded in winning the throne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil War Era In Norway
The civil war era in Norway ( no, borgerkrigstida or ''borgerkrigstiden'') began in 1130 and ended in 1240. During this time in Norwegian history, some two dozen rival kings and pretenders waged wars to claim the throne. In the absence of formal laws governing claims to rule, men who had proper lineage and wanted to be king came forward and entered into peaceful, if still fraught, agreements to let one man be king, set up temporary lines of succession, take turns ruling, or share power simultaneously. In 1130, with the death of King Sigurd the Crusader, his possible half-brother, Harald Gillekrist, broke an agreement that he and Sigurd had made to pass the throne to Sigurd's only son, the bastard Magnus. Already on bad terms before Sigurd's death, the two men and the factions loyal to them went to war. In the first decades of the civil wars, alliances shifted and centered on the person of a king or pretender. However, towards the end of the 12th century, two rival parties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1155 Births
Year 1155 ( MCLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Siege of Tortona: German forces capture the citadel of Tortona (after a two-month siege). The city is razed to the ground, including the graves. * June 18 – King Frederick I (Barbarossa) is crowned as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Adrian IV at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. * Arnold of Brescia is exiled by Adrian IV and forced to flee. He is arrested by imperial forces; hanged and his body burned at the stake in Rome. * The city of Bari rebels against King William I (the Bad) of Sicily and recognizes the Byzantine emperor, Manuel I (Komnenos), as its overlord. * The Virgin of Vladimir (or Our Lady of Vladimir) is taken by Grand Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky to Vladimir from Suzdal. England * Spring – King Henry II has the Palace of Westminster (which is badly damaged by Stephen's supporters during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1186 Deaths
Year 1186 ( MCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * January 27 – Constance of Sicily marries Henry (the future Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor). * John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. * The Byzantine Empire recognizes the independence of Bulgaria and Serbia. * Joscius becomes Archbishop of Tyre. * Jayavarman VII, the king of Cambodia, founds the temple of Ta Prohm. * After the death of the child-king Baldwin V, his mother succeeds him as Sibylla of Jerusalem, and appoints her disfavoured husband Guy de Lusignan king consort. This comes as a shock to Jerusalem's court, who had earlier forced the possible future Queen into promising that should she become so, she would not appoint him the title. * The first nunnery is inaugurated in Iceland, the Kirkjubæjar Abbey. * Caliph al-Nasir marries Princess Seljuki. Right after her betrothal to him, he brings her to live with him. He then send ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th-century Norwegian People
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illegitimate Children Of Norwegian Monarchs
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce. Conversely, ''illegitimacy'', also known as ''bastardy'', has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter bear the same implications. The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of conservative Christian churches in family and social life. Births outside marriage now represent a large majority in many countries of Western Europe and the Americas, as well as in many former European colonies. In many Western-influenced cultures, stigma based on parents' marital status, and use of the word ''bastard'', are now widely considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
