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Ce Soir (ou Jamais!)
''Ce soir'' (English: "Tonight"), was a French daily newspaper founded by the French Communist Party and directed by Louis Aragon and Jean-Richard Bloch. History The newspaper was established on the initiative of the Communist Party general secretary Maurice Thorez in order to compete with ''Paris-soir''. The first issue was released on 1 March 1937. The newspaper was under the direction of two famous writers, Louis Aragon who is already known for his membership in the Communist Party became director of the newly established newspaper and Jean-Richard Bloch who was a very close sympathizer of the PCF and will eventually join the party in 1939 became co-director. Although ''Ce soir'' never managed to reach the ''Paris soir'' prints, it managed to reach a circulation of 260,000 by March 1939. Among the famous contributors to the newspaper were René Arcos, Julien Benda, Jean Blanzat, Jean Cocteau, Lise Deharme, Robert Desnos, Luc Durtain, Yvette Guilbert, Francis Jourdain, And ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Communist Party
The French Communist Party (, , PCF) is a Communism, communist list of political parties in France, party in France. The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its Member of the European Parliament, MEPs sit with The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL group. The PCF was founded in 1920 by Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist members of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) who supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917 Russian Revolution. It became a member of the Communist International, and followed a Marxist-Leninist line under the leadership of Maurice Thorez. In response to the threat of fascism, the PCF joined the socialist Popular Front (France), Popular Front which won the 1936 election, but it did not participate in government. During World War II, it was outlawed by the occupying Germans and became a key element of the French Resistance, Resistance. The PCF participated in the provisional government of the Liberation of France, Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (, ; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as ''The Group of Six''—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers.Reinhold Brinkmann & Christoph Wolff, ''Driven into Paradise: The Musical Migration from Nazi Germany to the United States'' (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1999), 133. . He taught many future jazz and classical composers, including |
Gerda Taro
Gerta Pohorylle (1 August 1910 – 26 July 1937), known professionally as Gerda Taro, was a German War photography, war photographer active during the Spanish Civil War. She is regarded as the first female Photojournalism, photojournalist to have died while covering the frontline in a war. Taro was the companion and professional partner of photographer Robert Capa, who, like her, was Jewish. The name "Robert Capa" was originally an alias that Taro and Capa (born Endre Friedmann) shared, an invention meant to mitigate the increasing political intolerance in Europe and to attract the lucrative American market. Therefore, a significant amount of what is credited as Robert Capa's early work was actually created by Taro. Early life Gerta Pohorylle was born on 1 August 1910 in Stuttgart, German Empire, Germany, to Gisela Boral and Heinrich Pohorylle, a middle-class Jewish family that had recently emigrated from Galicia (Eastern Europe), East Galicia. She studied at ''Queen Charlotte H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Parrot
Louis Parrot (28 August 1906 – 24 August 1948) was a French poet, novelist and journalist. Louis Parrot was born in Tours and came from a family of laborers and artisans. He became an apprentice at 12 years old, first in a bank and then in a library, where he developed a love of books. He wrote his first poems in the early 1920s. The collection of poems « ''Misery Farm'' » in 1934 affirm his talent and his vocation as a poet. He went to do literary studies in Spain. He meet a lot of writers and poets including Paul Éluard in Madrid. During the civil war, he returned to France. He joined the staff of the newspaper ''Ce soir'' founded by Jean-Richard Bloch and Louis Aragon, and became chief editor in August 1944. During the World War II, he lived in Clermont-Ferrand and his house was a center of the Résistance for intellectuals. He died in Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (), also known as the Loyalist faction () or the Government faction (), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist faction of the military rebellion. The name Republicans () was mainly used by its members and supporters, while its opponents used the term ''Rojos'' (Reds) to refer to this faction due to its left-leaning ideology, including far-left communist and Anarchism in Spain, anarchist groups, and the support it received from the Soviet Union. At the beginning of the war, the Republicans outnumbered the Nationalists by ten-to-one, but by January 1937 that advantage had dropped to four-to-one. Participants Political groups Popular Front Nationalists =Basque= * Basque nationalism ** Basque Nationalist Party ** Basque Nationalist Action =Catalan= * Catalan nationalism ** Republican Left of Catalonia ** Acció Cat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing politics, left-leaning Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangism, Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and Traditionalism (Spain), traditionalists led by a National Defense Junta, military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international Interwar period#Great Depression, political climate at the time, the war was variously viewed as class struggle, a War of religion, religious struggle, or a struggle between dictatorship and Republicanism, republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, or between fascism and communism. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrée Viollis
Andrée Viollis (9 December 1870 – 9 August 1950) was a French journalist and writer. A prominent figure in news journalism and major reporting, she was an anti-fascist and feminist activist who was part of the French group associated with the World Committee Against War and Fascism. Viollis worked for various newspapers, including '' La Fronde'', ''L'Écho de Paris'', ''Excelsior'', ''Le Petit Parisien'', ''The Times'', ''Daily Mail'', ''Vendredi'', ''Ce soir'', and ''L'Humanité''. She received several awards, including the Legion of Honour. Early life and education Andrée Françoise Claudius Jacquet de la Verryere was born in Mées on 9 December 1870 to a cultivated bourgeois family. After obtaining her baccalaureate, she studied at the Sorbonne and graduated from the University of Oxford. Career After graduation, she turned to journalism and made her debut in the feminist newspaper La Fronde, directed by Marguerite Durand. She married Gustave Téry, professor of philoso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simone Téry
Simone Téry (January 28, 1897 – December 12, 1967) was a French journalist who wrote several books and was a war correspondent. She wrote for ''L'Humanité'', ''Vendredi'', and ''Regards''. She reported on the Irish Civil War, interwar France, and the Spanish Civil War. Family Téry was born on January 28, 1897, to a family of writers and journalists. Her mother was Andrée Viollis, a reporter and author. Téry's father Gustave (1870–1928) was the founder of the newspaper ''L'Œuvre''. Ireland The Irish War of Independence broke in January 1919. After two years, a truce was signed between the Irish rebel leaders and the British government in July 1921. A month after that, Téry arrived in Ireland to report on how the truce was holding up. She was writing for her father's paper, L'Œuvre. She interviewed leaders and politicians across the country including members of Sinn Féin; Éamon de Valera, and Arthur Griffith. She is reported to be the only journalist to have intervi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édith Thomas
Édith Thomas (23 January 1909 – 7 December 1970) was a French novelist, archivist, historian, and journalist. A bisexual pioneer of women's history, she reputedly inspired a character of the erotic novel ''Story of O''.Dorothy Kaufmann, ''Édith Thomas, A Passion for Resistance'', Cornell University Press, 2004 Career Thomas was born in Montrouge, and studied at the École des chartes, from which she graduated in 1931. In 1933, her first novel, ''La Mort de Marie'' (Mary's Death), was awarded the '' Prix du Premier Roman''. A few years later she quit her job to become a journalist at ''Ce Soir'', a left-wing evening newspaper close to the Popular Front government. She also contributed to various magazines (''Vendredi'', ''Europe'', ''Regards'') for which she covered the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side. During World War II, she joined the Résistance and became a member of the French Communist Party in 1942. She wrote a series of short stories under male pseudonym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Wiener
Jean Wiener (or Wiéner) (19 March 1896, 14th arrondissement of Paris – 8 June 1982, Paris) was a French pianist and composer. Life Wiener was trained at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he studied alongside Darius Milhaud, and worked with Erik Satie. He then embarked on a career as concert impresario, composer and pianist. He was the house pianist at the ''Gaya'' bar, and later at '' Le Boeuf sur le Toit''. In 1924, a chance encounter with Clement Doucet (who succeeded him at Le Boeuf) brought him into the world of popular music. Already a jazz enthusiast, Wiener found fame with Doucet in the music hall s of Europe as a piano duo,Jean-Pierre Thiollet, ''88 notes pour piano solo'', « Solo de duo », Neva Editions, 2015, p.97. under the name ''"Wiener et Doucet"'' in which they performed classical music, hot dance and jazz. The two friends recorded many duos between 1925 and 1937. After the end of the war in 1945, Wiener devoted himself fully to composition, notably film ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elsa Triolet
Ella Yuryevna Kagan (; – 16 June 1970), known as Elsa Triolet (), was a Russian-French writer and translator. Biography Ella Yuryevna Kagan was born into a Jewish family of Yuri Alexandrovich Kagan, a lawyer, and Yelena Youlevna Berman, a music teacher, in Moscow. She and her older sister Lilya Brik received excellent educations; they were able to speak fluent German and French and play the piano. Ella graduated from the Moscow Institute of Architecture. Ella soon became associated with the Russian Futurists via Lilya, who was in 1912 married to the art critic Osip Brik; she befriended people of their circle, including Roman Jakobson, then a zaum poet, who became her lifelong friend. Elsa enjoyed poetry, and in 1911 befriended and fell in love with the aspiring futurist poet and graphic artist Vladimir Mayakovsky. When she invited him home, the poet fell madly in love with her sister, marking the start of a series of artistic collaborations involving the two that l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Sadoul
Georges Sadoul (; 4 February 1904 Р13 October 1967) was a French film critic, journalist and cinema writer. He is known for writing encyclopedias of film and filmmakers, many of which have been translated into English. Biography Sadoul was born in Nancy. His father, Charles Sadoul, was a well-known ethnologist. At the age of 19, a student in Nancy, he collaborated with '' L'Est R̩publicain'' and founded the Nancy-Paris Committee. The objective of this committee is to allow the population of Nancy to meet Parisian productions and artists. He notably brought there Jean Epstein, Henry Pruni̬res, Andr̩ Lur̤at, Jacques Rivi̬re, Jacques Copeau and Andr̩ Lhote. Once a surrealist, he became a member of the French Communist Party The French Communist Party (, , PCF) is a Communism, communist list of political parties in France, party in France. The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its Member of the European Parliament, MEPs sit with The Lef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
