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Cavite Mutiny
The Cavite mutiny (; ) was an uprising of Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippine Islands (then also known as part of the Spanish East Indies) on January 20, 1872. Around 200 locally recruited colonial troops and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a national uprising. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers executed many of the participants and began to crack down on a burgeoning Philippines nationalist movement. Many scholars believed that the Cavite mutiny was the beginning of Filipino nationalism that would eventually lead to the Philippine Revolution. Causes of the Cavite mutiny The causes of the Cavite Mutiny can be identified through examining the different accounts in this historic event. Spanish accounts of the mutiny José Montero y Vidal was a Spanish historian who interpreted that the mutiny was an attempt to remove and overthrow the Spanish colonizers in the Philippines. His accou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Revolts Against Spain
During the History of the Philippines (1565–1898), Spanish colonial period in the Philippines (1565–1898), there were several revolts against the Spanish colonial government by indigenous Moro people, Moro, Lumad, Austronesian peoples, Indios, Chinese Filipino, Chinese (Sangleys), and Insulares (Filipinos of full or near full Spanish descent), often with the goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged to Lumad communities, Maginoo rajah, and Moro datus. Some revolts stemmed from land problems and this was largely the cause of the insurrections that transpired in the agricultural provinces of Batangas, Ilocos sur, Cavite, and Laguna. Natives also rebelled over unjust taxation and forced labor. Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population sided up with the well-armed colonial government, and to fight with Spanish as foot soldiers to put down the revolts. In Mindanao and Sulu, a Spanish–Moro conflict, continuou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonial Troops
Colonial troops or colonial army refers to various Military organization#Commands, formations, and units, military units Military recruitment, recruited from, or used as garrison troops in, colonial territories. Colonial background Such colonies may lie overseas or in areas dominated by neighboring land powers such as Imperial China or Tsarist Russia. Colonial troops have been used by imperial powers whether ancient (such as Carthage and Auxilia, Rome), or modern (such as Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Denmark, the United States, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, and Portugal). Sometimes they have been recruited under local leaders, as auxiliaries; and at other times organised directly by the colonial power. Origins At the beginning of the modern colonial period such troops were predominantly Europeans from the home army of the country concerned, but locally raised "native" troops were soon recruited. The latter normally served in separate units, at first under their own leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manila
Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on the island of Luzon, it is classified as a Cities of the Philippines#Independent cities, highly urbanized city. With , Manila is one of the world's List of cities proper by population density, most densely populated cities proper. Manila was the first chartered city in the country, designated bPhilippine Commission Act No. 183on July 31, 1901. It became autonomous with the passage of Republic Act No. 409, "The Revised Charter of the City of Manila", on June 18, 1949. Manila is considered to be part of the world's original set of global cities because its commercial networks were the first to extend across the Pacific Ocean and connect Asia with the Hispanic America, Spanish Americas through the Manila galleon, galleon trade. This marked t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moreno
Moreno may refer to: Places Argentina * Moreno (Buenos Aires Metro), a station on Line C of the Buenos Aires Metro *Moreno, Buenos Aires, a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina * Moreno Department, a depatnent of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina * Moreno Partido, a division of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina Elsewhere * Moreno, California (other) * Moreno, Pernambuco, Brazil, a city * Moreno Rock, a rock in Antarctica * Point Moreno, a promontory on Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands People with the name Lists of people with the name * Moreno (given name) * Moreno (surname) People with the nickname or professional name * Moreno (footballer, born 1948), Daniel Euclides Moreno, Brazilian football forward * Moreno (Portuguese footballer) (born 1981), Portuguese football defensive midfielder * Moreno (footballerc, born 1983), Moreno Aoas Vidal, Brazilian football leftback * Moreno (Spanish footballer) (born 1986), Spanish football defender * Moreno (s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mestizo
( , ; fem. , literally 'mixed person') is a term primarily used to denote people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also refer to people who are culturally European even though their ancestors were Indigenous American or Austronesian. The term was used as an ethno-racial exonym for mixed-race that evolved during the Spanish Empire. It was a formal label for individuals in official documents, such as censuses, parish registers, Inquisition trials, and others. Priests and royal officials might have classified persons as mestizos, but individuals also used the term in self-identification. With the Bourbon reforms and the independence of the Americas, the caste system disappeared and terms like "mestizo" fell in popularity. The noun , derived from the adjective , is a term for racial mixing that did not come into usage until the 20th century; it was not a colonial-era term.Rappaport, Joa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labor
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families. Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour, and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps. Definition Many forms of unfree labour are also covered by the term forced labour, which is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as all involuntary work or service exacted under the menace of a penalty.Andrees and Belser, "Forced labor: Coercion and exploitation in the private economy", 2009. Rienner and ILO. However, under the ILO Forced Labour Convention of 1930, the term forced or compulsory labour does not include: *"any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos María De La Torre Y Navacerrada
Carlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada (27 February 1809 – 2 December 1879) was a Spanish soldier and politician. He served as the governor-general of the Philippines from 1869 to 1871, and is considered one of the most beloved Spanish governors-general assigned to the Philippines. Biography A Carlist army officer, he was sent from Spain by Francisco Serrano after the ouster of Queen Isabel II as a result of the La Gloriosa revolution. He was considered a liberal Spaniard who practiced the liberal and democratic principles for imposing liberal laws. He wanted to have the bronze statue of Isabel II, first unveiled in 1860, melted so that it would be put to better use. However, the Manila City Council saved it by declaring the statue municipal property. He established the Guardia Civil in the Philippines and gave amnesty to rebels, of which the most prominent was Casimiro Camerino (''El tulisán''), the leader of bandits in Cavite. He organized the bandits given amnesty int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carronade
A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the last quarter of the 18th century to the mid-19th century. Its main function was to serve as a powerful, short-range, anti-ship and anti-crew weapon. The technology behind the carronade was greater dimensional precision, with the shot fitting more closely in the barrel, thus transmitting more of the propellant charge's energy to the projectile, allowing a lighter gun using less gunpowder to be effective. Carronades were initially found to be very successful, but they eventually disappeared as naval artillery advanced, with the introduction of rifling and consequent change in the shape of the projectile, exploding shells replacing solid shot, and naval engagements being fought at longer ranges. History The carronade was designed as a short-range naval weapon with a low muzzle velocity f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinidad Pardo De Tavera
Trinidad Hermenegildo José María Juan Francisco Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (13 April 1857 – 26 March 1925) was a Filipino physician, historian and politician of Spanish and Portuguese descent who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. Trinidad, also known by his name T. H. Pardo de Tavera, was known for his writings about different aspects of Philippine culture. Family Trinidad was born on 13 April 1857 to Spanish lawyer and government official Félix Pardo de Tavera and Juliana Gorricho who hailed from a wealthy, illustrious Filipino family. The Pardos de Tavera had a long history. His father, Félix, descended from the Portuguese aristocratic family of ''Pardo'' from Tavira, Portugal. In late 1640s, the Pardos added the name ''de Tavera'' to affix their place of origin similar to Spanish noble customs. Among the notable members of the family were Juan Pardo de Tavera, who carried the title ''Marquis de Magahon,'' and Juan VI Pardo de Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacinto Zamora
Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario (August 14, 1835 – February 17, 1872) was a Catholic Church in the Philippines, Filipino Catholic Priesthood in the Catholic Church, priest, part of the Gomburza, a trio of priests who were falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. Early life Born on August 14, 1835, to Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del Rosario, he began his early education in Pandacan and later at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He was classified as a ''Filipino mestizo'' under the Spanish Empire, Spanish caste system prevailing at that time. He later transferred to the University of Santo Tomas after finishing his ''Bachelor of Arts, Bachiller en Artes''. Zamora graduated on March 16, 1858, with the degree of Bachelor of Canon and Civil Laws. He became a student preparing for the priesthood in the Seminary of Manila. Pastoral life After being Ordination, ordained, Zamora handled parishes in Marikina, Mariquina, Pasig, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Burgos
José Apolonio Burgos y García (February 9, 1837 – February 17, 1872) was a Filipino Catholic priest, accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was tried and executed in Manila along with two other clergymen, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, who are collectively known as the Gomburza. Early life José Burgos, baptized José Apolonio Burgos y García, was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur on February 9, 1837, to a Spanish officer, Don José Tiburcio Burgos y Calderón, and a Filipino mestiza mother named Florencia García. He obtained three undergraduate degrees with honors, two master's degrees and two doctorate degrees from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and from the University of Santo Tomas. He conducted his first mass in Intramuros. Contributions Burgos' nationalist views, codified in editorial essays, championing political and ecclesiastic reforms in favor of empowering more native clergymen, made him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polo Y Servicio
''Polo y servicio'' was the Forced labour, forced labor system without compensation imposed upon the local population in the Philippines during the History of the Philippines (1565–1898), Spanish colonial period. In concept, it was similar to ''Repartimiento'', a forced labor system used in the Spanish America. The word ''polo'' refers to community work, and the laborer was called ''polista''. The community activities that ''polistas'' have to perform may include cutting trees for timber, and building Galleon trade ships, churches, government buildings, roads, and bridges. ''Polo y servicio'' was mandatory for males from 16 to 60 years old, for a 40-day period per year. The laborers could be sent to any community project, and anyone who refused was fined and imprisoned. History ''Polo y servicio'' was imposed on the local indigenous male population in the Philippines since the late sixteenth century. In 1863, a 1863 Manila earthquake, strong earthquake struck Manila, and kille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
