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Caulimovirus
''Caulimovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family '' Caulimoviridae'' order ''Ortervirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: vein-clearing or banding mosaic. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: *''Angelica bushy stunt virus'' *''Atractylodes mild mottle virus'' *''Carnation etched ring virus'' *''Cauliflower mosaic virus'' *''Dahlia mosaic virus'' *''Figwort mosaic virus'' *''Horseradish latent virus'' *''Lamium leaf distortion virus'' *''Mirabilis mosaic virus'' *''Soybean Putnam virus'' *''Strawberry vein banding virus'' *''Thistle mottle virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Caulimovirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=7, T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 50 nm. Genomes are circular and non-segmented. The genome codes for 6 to 7 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus
Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a member of the genus '' Caulimovirus'', one of the six genera in the family '' Caulimoviridae'', which are pararetroviruses that infect plants. Pararetroviruses replicate through reverse transcription just like retroviruses, but the viral particles contain DNA instead of RNA. Definition The cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a member of the family '' Caulimoviridae''. This family is grouped together with the '' Belpaoviridae'', ''Metaviridae'', '' Pseudoviridae'', and '' Retroviridae'' (all of which instead have an RNA genome replicated via a DNA intermediate) in the order '' Ortervirales''; the '' Hepadnaviridae'', despite having a DNA genome replicated via an RNA intermediate (like the ''Caulimoviridae''), are more distantly related, belonging to the separate order '' Blubervirales'' (both orders belong to the same class, the ''Revtraviricetes''). CaMV infects mostly plants of the family Brassicaceae (such as cauliflower and turnip) but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ortervirales
''Ortervirales'' is an order that contains all accepted species of single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate (Group VI) and all accepted species of double-stranded DNA viruses (except ''Hepadnaviridae'') that replicate through an RNA intermediate (Group VII). The name is derived from the reverse of retro. All reverse-transcribing viruses possess significant similarities to each other. Their reverse transcriptase proteins share a common origin. Moreover, belpaoviruses, metaviruses, pseudoviruses, and retroviruses have other features in common. Their polymerase proteins are similar in structure and include aspartic protease (retroviral aspartyl protease) and an integrase belonging to the DDE recombinase superfamily (see Recombination-activating gene tructure. They also share similar capsid and nucleocapsid proteins/domains. Caulimoviruses also share some features with belpaoviruses, metaviruses, pseudoviruses, and retroviruses such as a homologous as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus
Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a member of the genus '' Caulimovirus'', one of the six genera in the family '' Caulimoviridae'', which are pararetroviruses that infect plants. Pararetroviruses replicate through reverse transcription just like retroviruses, but the viral particles contain DNA instead of RNA. Definition The cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a member of the family '' Caulimoviridae''. This family is grouped together with the '' Belpaoviridae'', ''Metaviridae'', '' Pseudoviridae'', and '' Retroviridae'' (all of which instead have an RNA genome replicated via a DNA intermediate) in the order '' Ortervirales''; the '' Hepadnaviridae'', despite having a DNA genome replicated via an RNA intermediate (like the ''Caulimoviridae''), are more distantly related, belonging to the separate order '' Blubervirales'' (both orders belong to the same class, the ''Revtraviricetes''). CaMV infects mostly plants of the family Brassicaceae (such as cauliflower and turnip) but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strawberry Vein Banding Virus
''Strawberry vein banding virus'' (SVBV) is a plant pathogenic virus and a member of the family '' Caulimoviridae''. History Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) was first described by Frazier (1955) after differential aphid transmission to susceptible wild strawberries. He described disease symptomatology, identified wild strawberry plants as suitable virus indicators, and demonstrated virus transmission by various aphids, dodder (Cuscuta subinclusa), and grafting. Virus-vector interactions (i.e., specificity of aphid species, acquisition access and retention times, semi-persistent manner of transmission, and transmission efficiency), and the inability to transmit the virus via sap were established by Frazier (1955). Similar studies focusing on aphid vectors of SVBV and symptomatology were used as the basis for naming the virus (Prentice, 1952; Schöniger, 1958; Frazier and Posnette, 1958; Frazier, 1960; Mellor and Forbes, 1960; Miller and Frazier, 1970; Frazier and Converse, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caulimoviridae
''Caulimoviridae'' is a family of viruses infecting plants. There are 94 species in this family, assigned to 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family ''Caulimoviridae'' are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pararetroviruses) i.e. viruses that contain a reverse transcription stage in their replication cycle. This family contains all plant viruses with a dsDNA genome that have a reverse transcribing phase in their lifecycle. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: *'' Badnavirus'' *'' Caulimovirus'' *'' Cavemovirus'' *'' Dioscovirus'' *''Petuvirus'' *'' Rosadnavirus'' *'' Ruflodivirus'' *''Solendovirus'' *''Soymovirus'' *'' Tungrovirus'' *'' Vaccinivirus'' Virus particle structure All viruses of this family are non-enveloped. Virus particles are either bacilliform or isometric. The type of nucleocapsid incorporated into the virus structure determines the size of the viral particles. Bacilliform particles are approximately 35–50 nm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnation Etched Ring Virus
Carnation etched ring virus (CERV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family '' Caulimoviridae''. External linksICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Carnation etched ring virus Viral plant pathogens and diseases Caulimoviridae {{Virus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horseradish Latent Virus
Horseradish (''Armoracia rusticana'', syn. ''Cochlearia armoracia'') is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and used worldwide as a spice and as a condiment. The species is probably native to southeastern Europe and western Asia. Description Horseradish grows up to tall, with hairless bright green unlobed leaves up to long that may be mistaken for docks (''Rumex''). It is cultivated primarily for its large, white, tapered root. The white four-petalled flowers are scented and are borne in dense panicles. Established plants may form extensive patches and may become invasive unless carefully managed. Intact horseradish root has little aroma. When cut or grated, enzymes from within the plant cells digest sinigrin (a glucosinolate) to produce allyl isothiocyanate ( mustard oil), which irritates the mucous membranes of the sinuses and eyes. Once exposed to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thistle Mottle Virus
Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterised by leaves with sharp prickles on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae. Prickles can also occur all over the planton the stem and on the flat parts of the leaves. These prickles are an adaptation that protects the plant from being eaten by herbivores. Typically, an involucre with a clasping shape similar to a cup or urn subtends each of a thistle's flower heads. The comparative amount of spininess varies dramatically by species. For example, ''Cirsium heterophyllum'' has minimal spininess while ''Cirsium spinosissimum'' is the opposite. Typically, species adapted to dry environments have greater spininess. The term thistle is sometimes taken to mean precisely those plants in the tribe Cardueae (synonym: Cynareae), especially the genera ''Carduus'', '' Cirsium'', and ''Onopordum''. However, plants outside this tribe are sometimes called thistles. Biennial thistles are particularly noteworthy for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soybean Putnam Virus
The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattō, and tempeh. Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes. Soybeans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins. Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop. Soybean is the most important protein source for feed farm animals (that in turn yields animal protein for human consumption). Etymology The word "soy" originated as a corruption of the Cant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirabilis Mosaic Virus
Mirabilis is a Latin adjective meaning "amazing, wondrous, remarkable", and is used to refer to: * Annus mirabilis, a Latin phrase meaning "wonderful year" or "year of wonders" (or "year of miracles") * Anorexia mirabilis, religious fasting to the point of starvation, particularly of women and girls of the Middle Ages * RV ''Mirabilis'', a ship * ''Mirabilis'', a genus of herbaceous perennial plants * ''W. mirabilis'', a species of plant * ''L. mirabilis'', a species of plant * Mirabilis (band), an ethereal/neo-classical band * Mirabilis (company), an internet company, owned by Digital Sky Technologies, that produced ICQ * ''Mirabilis'' (novel), a novel by Susann Cokal Susann Cokal is an American author. She is best known for having written the novels ''The Kingdom of Little Wounds'', ''Mirabilis'', ''Mermaid Moon'', and ''Breath and Bones'', along with short stories, literary and pop-culture criticism, and book ... * ''Mirabilis'' (album), album by British vocal gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamium Leaf Distortion Virus
''Lamium'' (dead-nettles) is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, of which it is the type genus. They are all herbaceous plants native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, but several have become very successful weeds of crop fields and are now widely naturalised across much of the temperate world. Description The genus includes both annual and perennial species; they spread by both seeds and stems rooting as they grow along the ground. They have square stems and coarsely textured pairs of leaves, often with striking patterns or variegation. They produce double-lipped flowers in a wide range of colours. The common name "dead-nettle" has been derived from the German ''taube-nessel'' ("deaf nettle", or "nettle without a kernel"), and refers to the resemblance of '' Lamium album'' to the very distantly related stinging nettles, but unlike those, they do not have stinging hairs and so are harmless or apparently "dead". Several close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmission Electron Micrograph
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. Transmission electron microscopes are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes, owing to the smaller de Broglie wavelength of electrons. This enables the instrument to capture fine detail—even as small as a single column of atoms, which is thousands of times smaller than a resolvable object seen in a light microscope. Transmission electron microscopy is a major analytical method i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
