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Catherine Of Cleves (1417–1479)
Catherine of Cleves (25 May 1417 – 10 February 1479) was Duchess of Guelders by marriage to Arnold, Duke of Guelders. She acted as regent of Guelders during the absence of her spouse in 1450. The Hours of Catherine of Cleves was commissioned for her. Life Catherine was the daughter of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and Marie of Burgundy. She was a niece of Philip the Good. Duchess and regent Catherine lived with her parents until 1431, despite already having been married the year before. She had close ties with Philip of Burgundy, who was mistrusted by her husband. Catherine had her daughter Mary raised at the Burgundian court. When her husband punished Driel, he lost support in his duchy. Catherine acted as intermediate between her husband and the Estates of the realm. In 1450, Duke Arnold went on a pilgrimage to Rome and Palestine. During his absence, Catherine acted as regent. She supported her son Adolf when he took over power from his father. Charles, Duke of Burgundy had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of La Marck
The House of La Marck () was an ancient German nobility, German noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the Counts of Mark. History The family history started with Count Adolf I, Count of the Mark, Adolf I, scion of a cadet branch of the Rhenish Berg (state), Berg dynasty residing at Altena Castle in Westphalia. In the early 13th century Adolf took his residence at his family's estates around Mark, a settlement in present-day Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hamm-Uentrop. Adolf had inherited the Mark fortress from his father Count Frederick I of Berg-Altena (d. 1198) together with the older county around Altena and began to call himself count de La Mark. Originally liensmen (a type of vassal) of the Electorate of Cologne, archbishops of Cologne in the Duchy of Westphalia, the family ruled the County of Mark, an Imperial immediacy, immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire, and, at the height of their powers, the four duchies of Duchy of Jülich, Julich, Duchy of Cleves, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jund Filastin
Jund Filasṭīn (, "the military district of Palestine") was one of the military districts of the Umayyad and Abbasid province of Bilad al-Sham (Levant), organized soon after the Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 630s. Jund Filastin, which encompassed most of Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Tertia, included the newly established city of Ramla as its capital and eleven administrative districts (''kura''), each ruled from a central town. History Muslim conquest The Muslim conquest of Palestine is difficult to reconstruct, according to the historian Dominique Sourdel. It is generally agreed that the Qurayshite commander Amr ibn al-As was sent to conquer the area by Caliph Abu Bakr, likely in 633. Amr traversed the Red Sea coast of the Hejaz (western Arabia), reached the port town of Ayla at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba, then crossed into the Negev Desert or further west into the Sinai Peninsula. He then arrived to the villages of Dathin and Badan near Gaza, where he ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerhard VI Of Jülich, Count Of Berg And Ravensberg
Gerhard VI of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg ( – 18 May 1360) was the son of William V, Duke of Jülich and Joanna of Hainaut.Walther Möller, ''Stammtafeln westdeutscher Adelsgeschlechter im Mittelalter'' (Darmstadt, 1922, reprint Verlag Degener & Co., 1995), Vol. 1, page 14. Gerhard was betrothed in 1333 (renewed 1342) to Margaret of Guelders, daughter of Rainald II of Guelders and Sophia Betrout. However, this marriage was never consummated, likely due either to Rainald's death in 1343 or Margaret's death in 1344. Gerhard was subsequently married about 1344 to Margaret of Ravensberg, heiress of Berg and Ravensberg (died 13/19 February 1389), daughter of Otto IV, Count of Ravensberg and Margaret of Berg. Margaret's father Otto had no sons so at his death in 1328, the County of Ravensberg went to his brother Bernhard. However, when Bernhard died in 1346 without issue, Margaret became the heir of Ravensberg, her elder sister Hedwig having died in 1336. Then, when Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Of Cleves, Countess Of The Marck
Margaret of Cleves, also spelled ''Margaretha'' or ''Margarethe'' ( – after 1348) was the wife of Count Adolf II of the Marck and mother of Adolf III of the Marck. She was a daughter of Count Dietrich VIII of Cleves and Margaret of Guelders, who was a daughter of Reginald I of Guelders. On 15 March 1332, she married Count Adolf II of the Marck. In 1333, her father issued an inheritance law, which said that after his death, the County of Cleves should fall to Margaret and her sisters Elisabeth and Maria. His younger brother John objected, and in 1338, this law was repealed. Adolf II, Margaret's husband, died in 1346, before her father died. Her eldest son, Engelbert III succeeded as Count of the Marck. After her father, Count Dietrich VIII of Cleves, died on 7 July 1347, Margaret and her sons Engelbert III and Adolf III tried to secure the Cleves territory. Initially, they were supported by her cousin, Reginald III of Guelders. Nevertheless, her uncle, Count Joh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolph II Of The Mark
Adolph II of the Marck (died 19/20 October 1347, Fröndenberg) was Count of the Marck. He was the eldest son of Engelbert II of the Mark and Mechtild of Arenberg. Adolph was betrothed to Irmgard of Cleves, daughter of Otto, Count of Cleves and his (second) wife Mechtild of Virneburg. After obtaining a papal dispensation Adolf was allowed to marry Margaret of Cleves, the daughter of Dietrich VIII, Count of Cleves and Margaret of Guelders. Adolph and Margaret of Cleves had seven children: * Engelbert III, Count of the Marck (28 Feb 1333 – Wetter, 22 Dec 1391). Married 1) Richardis of Jülich, 2) Elisabeth of Sponheim. * Adolf III of the Marck (1334 – 7 Sep 1394, Cleves). Archbishop of Cologne 1363–1364. Later Count of Cleves and of the Marck * Dietrich of the Marck (1336 – 25 May 1406). Bishop of Liège 1389, from which post he later resigned. * Eberhard of the Marck (1341 – after 1360). Priest at Münster. * Margareta of the Marck († 12 Sep 1409). Married Joh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Of Bavaria
Margaret of Bavaria (1363 – 23 January 1424, Dijon) was List of Burgundian royal consorts, Duchess of Burgundy by marriage to John the Fearless. She was the regent of the Burgundian Low Countries during the absence of her spouse in 1404–1419 and the regent in French Burgundy during the absence of her son in 1419–1423. She became most known for her successful defense of the Duchy of Burgundy against Count John IV of Armagnac in 1419. Life Margaret was the fifth child of Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, Count of Hainault, Count of Holland, Holland, and Count of Zeeland, Zeeland and Lord of Frisia, and Margaret of Brieg. Marriage On 12 April 1385, at the Burgundian double wedding in Cambrai, Margaret married John the Fearless, John, Count of Nevers, the son and heir of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, Margaret of Dampierre, Countess of Count of Flanders, Flanders, Count of Artois, Artois and Counts of Burgundy, Burgundy; at the same time h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John The Fearless
John I (; ; 28 May 1371 – 10 September 1419) was a scion of the French royal family who ruled the Burgundian State from 1404 until his assassination in 1419. He played a key role in French national affairs during the early 15th century, particularly in his struggle to remove the mentally ill King Charles VI and during the Hundred Years' War against the Kingdom of England. A rash, ruthless and unscrupulous politician, John murdered Charles's brother, the Duke of Orléans, in an attempt to gain control of the government, which led to the eruption of the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War in France and in turn culminated in his own assassination in 1419. The involvement of Charles, the heir to the French throne, in his assassination prompted John's son and successor Philip to seek an alliance with the English, thereby bringing the Hundred Years' War to its final phase. John, like his father Philip before him, played an important role in the development of gunpowder artiller ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Of Jülich
Margaret of Jülich ( – 10 October 1425) was a daughter of Duke Gerhard VI of Jülich and his wife, Margaret of Ravensberg (1315–1389). In 1369, she married Adolf III of the Marck. She had sixteen children with him, at least five of whom did not survive infancy. * Mynta (b. ) * Joanna (b. ), abbess of Hörde * Adolph (1373–1448), succeeded his father in Cleves and later also in the Marck. * Dietrich (1374–1398), succeeded his father in the Marck. * Gerhard (d. 1461), also Adolph as count of the Marck * Margaret Margaret is a feminine given name, which means "pearl". It is of Latin origin, via Ancient Greek and ultimately from Iranian languages, Old Iranian. It has been an English language, English name since the 11th century, and remained popular thro ... (1375–1411), married in 1394 Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1404) * Elisabeth (1378–1439), married Reinold of Valkenburg (d. 1396) and Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria * Engelberta (d. 1458), married Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf III Of The Marck
Adolph III of the Marck (German: ''Adolf III von der Mark''; – 1394) was the Prince-Bishop of Münster (as Adolph) from 1357 to 1363, the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (as Adolph II) in 1363, the Count of Cleves (as Adolph I) from 1368 to 1394, and the Count of Mark (as Adolph III) from 1391 to 1393. Life Origins Adolph was the second son of Count Adolph II of the Marck and Margaret of Cleves. Reign On 16 November 1357 Pope Innocent VI appointed him the Bishop of Münster. In 1362 he signed a contract with his uncle Bishop Engelbert III of the Marck of Liège whereby he would inherit Cleves in the likely event Count John of Cleves died childless. On 13 June 1363 he was appointed the Archbishop of Cologne against the favourite John of Virneburg, but by the end of the year had resigned from the position to focus on the County of Cleves, despite the fact that his short tenure was scandalous and ridden with controversy. In 1368 he succeeded his uncle John of Cleves a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Of Burgundy, Duchess Of Cleves
Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves (1393 – 30 October 1466) was the second child of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, and an elder sister of Philip the Good. Born in Dijon, she became the second wife of Adolph, Count of Mark in May 1406. He was made the 1st Duke of Cleves in 1417. They were the grandparents of King Louis XII of France and the great-grandparents of John III, Duke of Cleves, father of Anne of Cleves, who was fourth Queen consort of Henry VIII of England. By their daughter, Catherine, they were ancestors of Mary, Queen of Scots. The Duke and Duchess of Cleves lived at Wijnendale Castle in West Flanders. She died in Cleves in present-day Monterberg, Kalkar. Influence At the death of Adolph of Cleves in 1448, his son John I of Cleves succeeded him. Mary retired to , near Kalkar. Returning from a trip to the Middle East in 1449, John visited the Benedictine monastery of Bologna and decided with his mother to found a similar monastery in Kalkar, which w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick I Of Pfalz-Simmern
Frederick I, the Hunsrücker (German: Friedrich I.; 19 November 1417 – 29 November 1480) was the Count Palatine of Simmern from 1459 until 1480. Frederick was born in 1417 to Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken and his wife, Anna of Veldenz. In 1444 his father partitioned his territories between Frederick and his younger brother Louis. Frederick married Margaret of Guelders, daughter of Duke Arnold, on 16 August 1454. Frederick died in Simmern in 1480 and was buried in the Augustinian Abbey of Ravengiersburg. Children With Margaret (1436 – 15 August 1486), daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders: #Katherine of Palatinate-Simmern (1455 – 28 December 1522), Abbess in the St Klara monastery in Trier #Stephen (25 February 1457 – 1488/9) Canon in Strasbourg, Mainz and Cologne #William (2 January 1458 – 1458) #John I (15 May 1459 – 27 January 1509) #Frederick (10 April 1460 – 22 November 1518) Canon in Cologne, Speyer, Trier, Mainz, Magdeburg and Strasbourg # R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
