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Cathedral Of Cremona
Cremona Cathedral (, ''Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta''), dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Catholic Church, Catholic cathedral in Cremona, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is the seat of the Bishop of Cremona. Its bell tower is the famous Torrazzo di Cremona, Torrazzo, symbol of the city and tallest pre-modern tower in Italy. Also adjoining is the Battistero di Cremona, baptistery, another important medieval monument. History Originally built in Romanesque architecture, Romanesque style, the cathedral has been restored and extended several times, with Gothic architecture, Gothic, Renaissance architecture, Renaissance and Baroque architecture, Baroque elements. Construction began in 1107, but the works were damaged and halted after an 1117 Verona earthquake, earthquake in 1117. Construction resumed in 1129, and the building was probably finished in 1160-1170. The main altar, dedicated to the city's patron saints Archelaus of Cremona, Archelaus and Himeriu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cremona Centro
Cremona ( , , ; ; ) is a city and (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family. History Ancient Celtic origin Cremona is first mentioned in history as a settlement of the Cenomani, a Gallic (Celtic) tribe that arrived in the Po valley around 400 BC. However, the name Cremona most likely dates back to earlier settlers and puzzled the ancients, who gave many fanciful interpretations. Roman military outpost In 218 BC the Romans established on that spot their first military outpost (a ) north of the Po river, and kept the old name. Cremona and ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loggia
In architecture, a loggia ( , usually , ) is a covered exterior Long gallery, gallery or corridor, often on an upper level, sometimes on the ground level of a building. The corridor is open to the elements because its outer wall is only partial, with the upper part usually supported by a series of columns or arches.John Fleming (art historian), John Fleming, Hugh Honour and Nikolaus Pevsner, ''The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture'', p. 200, 3rd edn, 1980, Penguin, ISBN 0140510133 An overhanging loggia may be supported by a baldresca. From the early Middle Ages, nearly every Italian comune had an open arched loggia in its main square, which served as a "symbol of communal justice and government and as a stage for civic ceremony". In Italian architecture, a loggia is also a small garden structure or house built on the roof of a residence, open on one or more sides, to enjoy cooling winds and the view. They were especially popular in the 17th century and are prominent in Rome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audifax
Saints Marius, Martha, Audifax, and Abachum (died 270) were, according to their largely legendary ''passio'' of the 6th century, four saints of the same family (a married couple and their two sons). They came from Persia to Rome, and were martyred in 270 for sympathizing with Christian martyrs and burying their bodies. Some ancient martyrologies place the date of their death between 268 and 270, during the reign of Claudius II, although there was no persecution of Christians during this time. Their story relates how the family's assistance to Christians exposed them to persecution. They were seized and delivered to the judge Muscianus or Marcianus, who, unable to persuade them to abjure their faith, condemned them to various tortures. Despite the torture, the saints refused to abjure. Marius and his two sons were thus beheaded on the Via Cornelia, and their bodies were burnt. Martha meanwhile was killed at a place called ''in Nimpha'' or Nymphae Catabassi (later called Santa Nin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fresco
Fresco ( or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. The word ''fresco'' () is derived from the Italian adjective ''fresco'' meaning "fresh", and may thus be contrasted with fresco-secco or secco mural painting techniques, which are applied to dried plaster, to supplement painting in fresco. The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. The word ''fresco'' is commonly and inaccurately used in English to refer to any wall painting regardless of the plaster technology or binding medium. This, in part, contributes to a misconception that the most geographically and temporally common wall painting technology was the painting into wet lime plaster. Even in apparently '' buon fresco'' technology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brickwork
Brickwork is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks and mortar. Typically, rows of bricks called '' courses'' are laid on top of one another to build up a structure such as a brick wall. Bricks may be differentiated from blocks by size. For example, in the UK a brick is defined as a unit having dimensions less than and a block is defined as a unit having one or more dimensions greater than the largest possible brick. Brick is a popular medium for constructing buildings, and examples of brickwork are found through history as far back as the Bronze Age. The fired-brick faces of the ziggurat of ancient Dur-Kurigalzu in Iraq date from around 1400 BC, and the brick buildings of ancient Mohenjo-daro in modern day Pakistan were built around 2600 BC. Much older examples of brickwork made with dried (but not fired) bricks may be found in such ancient locations as Jericho in Palestine, Çatal Höyük in Anatolia, and Mehrgarh in Pakistan. These structures have survived fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mullioned Window
A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. It is also often used as a division between double doors. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid support to the glazing of the window. Its secondary purpose is to provide structural support to an arch or lintel above the window opening. Horizontal elements separating the head of a door from a window above are called transoms. History Stone mullions were used in Armenian, Saxon and Islamic architecture prior to the 10th century. They became a common and fashionable architectural feature across Europe in Romanesque architecture, with paired windows divided by a mullion, set beneath a single arch. The same structural form was used for open arcades as well as windows, and is found in galleries and cloisters. In Gothic architecture, windows became larger and arrangements of multiple mullions and openings were used, both for structure and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonino Da Campione
Bonino da Campione was an Italian sculptor in the Gothic style, active between 1350 and 1390. His name indicates that he was born in - or into a family originating in - Campione d'Italia, a Lombardy town in an enclave within Switzerland. His works include: *the tomb of bishop Balduino Lambertini (1349) in the Old Cathedral in Brescia *a monument to Folchino de'Schizzi (1357) in Cremona Cathedral *the tomb of Saint Homobonus (now lost) *one of the tombs for the Visconti family in the Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio in Milan *an equestrian monument of Bernabò Visconti (1363), now in the Museum of Ancient Art at Castello Sforzesco, Milan *the monument to Cansignorio della Scala (1374) at Santa Maria Antica, Verona. *miniature sculpture of Madonna with Child Madonna Litta (1370–75), now located in the Museum of Ancient Art at Castello Sforzesco, Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baptistery Of Parma
The Baptistery of Parma () is a religious edifice in Parma, northern Italy. Architecturally, the baptistery of Parma Cathedral marks a transition between the Romanesque and Gothic styles, and it is considered to be among the most important Medieval monuments in Europe. Description The city council of Parma commissioned Benedetto Antelami to build the baptistery in 1196. The attachment of the citizens to the project was tactile. Men put stones in the foundation to commemorate their families. The outside of pink Verona marble is octagonal with four tiers of open loggias. Eight turrets crown the top of the building. In May 2022 the tallest underwent a 3D aerial scan to support conservation work. The lowest part of the baptistery is encircled with bas-relief sculptures of animals, fabulous beasts, sea monsters, centaurs, mermaids, and unicorns. The "Portal of the Virgin" faces north and overlooks the Piazza del Duomo. It is named after the figure of the Virgin and Child in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labours Of The Months
The term Labours of the Months refers to cycles in Medieval art, Medieval and early Renaissance art depicting in twelve scenes the rural activities that commonly took place in the months of the year. They are often linked to the signs of the Zodiac, and are seen as humankind's response to God's ordering of the Universe. The Labours of the Months are frequently found as part of large sculptural schemes on churches, and in illuminated manuscripts, especially in the calendars of late medieval Book of hours, Books of Hours. The manuscripts are important for the development of landscape painting, containing most of the first painting where this was given prominence. The most famous cycle is that painted in the early 15th century by the Limbourg brothers in ''Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry''. In the early 16th century, long after the genre was established, the miniaturist Simon Bening produced cycles which link the Limbourgs with the landscape paintings of Pieter Bruegel the El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frieze
In classical architecture, the frieze is the wide central section of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic order, Ionic or Corinthian order, Corinthian orders, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Patera (architecture), Paterae are also usually used to decorate friezes. Even when neither column (architecture), columns nor pilasters are expressed, on an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave ("main beam") and is capped by the molding (decorative), moldings of the cornice (architecture), cornice. A frieze can be found on many Greek and Roman buildings, the Parthenon Frieze being the most famous, and perhaps the most elaborate. In interiors, the frieze of a room is the section of wall above the picture rail and under the crown moldings or cornice. By extension, a frieze is a long stretch of painting, painted, sculpture, sculpted or even calligraphy, calligraphic decoration in such a position, normally above eye-level. Frieze decorations may depict scenes in a sequence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campione D'Italia
Campione d'Italia (; ) is a (municipality) of the Province of Como in the Italy, Italian region of Lombardy. Located on the shores of Lake Lugano, it is an enclave surrounded by the Switzerland, Swiss canton of Ticino. At its closest, the enclave is less than from the rest of Italy, but the intervening mountainous terrain requires a journey by road through the Swiss village of Bissone of over to reach the nearest Italian town, Lanzo d'Intelvi, and over to reach the city of Como. The commune's population was 1,748 in 2021. History In the first century BC, the Ancient Rome, Romans founded the garrison town of Campilonum to protect their territories from Helvetii invasions. In 777, Toto of Campione, a local Lombards, Lombard lord, left his inheritance to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan, archbishopric of Milan. Ownership was transferred to the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, abbey of Sant’Ambrogio. In 1512, the surrounding area of Ticino was transferred from the ownership o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
