|
Catawissa Tunnel
The Catawissa Tunnel is a mine drainage tunnel in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The tunnel discharges into Catawissa Creek further upstream than any other mine drainage tunnel in the watershed. The tunnel was constructed in the 1930s and a passive treatment system may or may not be installed at the site of the tunnel. The tunnel is several hundred feet long. Dissolved chemicals The concentration of iron in the water discharged from the Catawissa Tunnel is 1.01 milligrams per liter and the daily load of iron is . The iron load requires a 43 percent reduction to meet its total maximum daily load requirements. The concentration of manganese is 0.31 milligrams per liter and the load of manganese is per day. The load of manganese requires no reduction to meet its total maximum daily load requirements. The concentration of aluminum in the tunnel's waters is 1.27 milligrams per liter and the daily load is . The aluminum load requires a 69 percent reduction to meet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Union Township, Pennsylvania
East Union Township is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,648 at the 2020 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has covered total area of , of which is land and (0.12%) is water. Demographics At the 2000 census there were 1,419 people, 630 households, and 400 families living in the township. The population density was . There were 731 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 99.22% White, 0.14% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 0.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92%. Of the 630 households 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 32.1% of households were one person and 15.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.25 and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Specific Conductance
Electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property of a material that measures how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek letter (rho). The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-meter (Ω⋅m). For example, if a solid cube of material has sheet contacts on two opposite faces, and the resistance between these contacts is , then the resistivity of the material is . Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a material's ability to conduct electric current. It is commonly signified by the Greek letter (sigma), but (kappa) (especially in electrical engineering) and ( gamma) are sometimes used. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m). Resistivity and conductivity are inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeddo Tunnel
The Jeddo Tunnel (also called the Jeddo Mine Tunnel) is a drainage tunnel at water level in Pennsylvania. It is one of the Coal Region's biggest discharges of mine water. The tunnel is five miles (eight kilometers) long and was constructed between 1891 and 1894, and at the time of its construction, was reputed to be the largest mine drainage tunnel in the world. It consists of major tunnels A and B, and minor tunnels C, D and X. Description The Jeddo Tunnel drains four large coal basins over an area of close to . It also drained the collieries of G.B. Markle & Company. On average the tunnel drains of water each minute. Sometimes the tunnel drains up to 100,000 gallons per minute. The tunnel is about 5 miles (8 kilometers) long and runs between Black Creek and the hills in Butler Valley. It is . The Jeddo Tunnel is located close to the community of Drums. The tunnel drains the nine major minepools in the area via gravity. The Jeddo Tunnel drains the mines in 13 nearby communitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oneida Number Three Tunnel
The Oneida Number Three Tunnel (also known as the Oneida #3 Tunnel) is a mine tunnel in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is one of five major mine tunnels in the watershed of Catawissa Creek. The tunnel discharges into Tomhicken Creek downstream of the mouth of Little Tomhicken Creek. The tunnel was constructed in the 1930s and a passive treatment system was installed at the site of the tunnel in 2009. The tunnel is more than a mile long. Hydrology The average discharge of the Oneida Number Three Tunnel is 3,820,000 gallons per day (approximately 2,653 gallons per minute). The tunnel is the largest discharge of acid mine drainage to Tomhicken Creek. The pH of the water being discharged from the Oneida Number Three Tunnel ranges from 3.9 to 4.7. The average pH of the waters is 4.53. The concentration of acidity in the tunnel's waters is 17.35 milligrams per liter and the daily load of acidity is . The acidity load requires an 89 percent reduction to meet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oneida Number One Tunnel
The Oneida Number One Tunnel (also known as the Oneida Tunnel 1 or the Oneida #1 Tunnel) is a mine drainage tunnel in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is one of five major mine tunnels in the watershed of Catawissa Creek. The tunnel discharges into Sugarloaf Creek near Lake Choctaw and Lake Susquehanna. The water quality of the tunnel's discharge has improved significantly since the installation of a treatment system at the site of the tunnel in 2001. Hydrology The Oneida Number One Tunnel is the only source of acid mine drainage to Sugarloaf Creek. The Oneida Number One Tunnel has a treatment system. This treatment system causes water from the tunnel to flow through an oxic limestone drain, increasing its pH and raising its concentration of alkalinity. Before the installation of the treatment system, the pH of the Oneida Number One Tunnel had a pH ranging from 4.6 to 4.2. The alkalinity was 0 milligrams per liter and the acidity ranged from 40 to 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Mountain Tunnel
The Green Mountain Tunnel is a mine drainage tunnel in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is one of five major mine drainage tunnels in the watershed of Catawissa Creek. The tunnel discharges into Catawissa Creek near the Audenried Tunnel and the Catawissa Tunnel. The tunnel was constructed in the 1930s and is slightly less than one mile long. Hydrology The average discharge of the Green Mountain Tunnel is 1,440,000 gallons per day (1,000 gallons per minute or 1.75 cubic feet per second). Although a significant majority of the acid mine drainage discharging into Catawissa Creek comes from the Audenried Tunnel, the Green Mountain Tunnel is one of four other mine drainage tunnels that contribute most of the remaining acid mine drainage to the creek. The pH of the waters of the Green Mountain Tunnel ranges from 3.6 to 4.2, with an average of 4.05. The concentration of acidity in the tunnel's waters is 28.05 milligrams per liter and the daily load of acidity is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audenried Tunnel
The Audenried Tunnel, also known as the Audenried Mine Tunnel, is a drainage tunnel located in East Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately three miles long and drains the western portion of a coal basin near Kelayres. It is among the largest sources of acid mine drainage into Catawissa Creek. It also contributes up to 80% of the acidity to Catawissa Creek. The Audenried Tunnel's pH is approximately 4. However, there have been somewhat successful attempts at treating the tunnel outflow in the 21st century. The bedrock in the vicinity of the tunnel is mostly shale and sandstone. Location and description The Audenried Tunnel is long. The tunnel runs between Audenried Mine and the watershed of Catawissa Creek. It is filled with debris and the air inside the tunnel is not breathable. The tunnel roughly follows the synclinal axis of the coal basin it is in. The tunnel drains the Jeansville Coal Basin, which is located between Hazle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheppton, Pennsylvania
Sheppton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 239 at the 2000 census. Geography Sheppton is located at (40.895990, -76.118221). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. The ZIP code of Sheppton is 18248. Demographics At the 2000 census there were 239 people, 99 households, and 58 families living in the CDP. The population density was 4,492.4 people per square mile (1,845.6/km). There were 114 housing units at an average density of 2,142.8/sq mi (880.3/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 100.00% White. There were 99 households, 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. 33.3% of households were one person and 21.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for lime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
The Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) is a federal-interstate compact commission created by the Susquehanna River Basin Compact (Pub. L. 91-575) between three U.S states: (Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland), and the federal government, and signed into law by President Richard Nixon on Christmas Eve 1970 to be effective 30 days later on January 23, 1971. The Compact In the late 1960s, a broad group of concerned citizens saw the need for a federal-interstate coordinating agency to lead the conservation, development, and administration of the Basin's resources that would preserve and enhance its value as a scenic and recreational asset for the people who live in the Basin. The need to coordinate these efforts, along with those of three states and the agencies of the federal government, led to the drafting of thSusquehanna River Basin Compact which was signed into law on December 24, 1970. The Compact, as adopted by the Congress of the United States, and the legislatures of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization's work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility. The agency was founded on March 3, 1879. The USGS is a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior; it is that department's sole scientific agency. The USGS employs approximately 8,670 people and is headquartered in Reston, Virginia. The USGS also has major offices near Lakewood, Colorado, at the Denver Federal Center, and Menlo Park, California. The current motto of the USGS, in use since August 1997, is "science for a changing world". The agency's previous slogan, adopted on the occasion of its hundredth an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
