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Carpathian Campaign
The Carpathian Front, sometimes referred to as the Carpathian Winter War, of 1915 was one of the largest military operations on the Eastern Front in terms of scale, duration, the number of troops involved in it and the losses of the parties. Background Having repulsed the counteroffensive of the Austro-Hungarian troops in late December 1914 - early January 1915, the Russian armies of the left flank of the Southwestern Front (8th and 11th) went on the offensive and again reached the Beskids, part of the passes of the main Carpathian ridge and captured almost throughout Bukovina. At the same time, the armies of the Northwestern Front, although they firmly occupied the positions to which they were withdrawn in early December (the lines of the Bzura, Pilica and Rawka rivers), they could not seize the initiative and go on the offensive against the German troops of the 9th Army. The headquarters of the Supreme Commander Cavalry General Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich (Chief Inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater, of World War I, was a theater (warfare), theater of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between Russian Empire, Russia and Kingdom of Romania, Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and German Empire, Germany on the other. It ranged from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, involved most of Eastern Europe, and stretched deep into Central Europe. The term contrasts with the Western Front (World War I), Western Front, which was being fought in Belgium and French Third Republic, France. Unlike the static warfare on the Western Front, the fighting on the geographically larger Eastern Front was maneuver warfare, more dynamic, often involving the flanking and encirclement of entire formations, and resulted in over 100,000 square miles of territory becoming occupied by a foreign power. At the start of the war Russia launched offensives agai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Von Böhm-Ermolli
Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli (12 February 1856 – 9 December 1941) was an Austrian general during World War I who rose to the rank of field marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was the head of the Second Army and fought mainly on the front of Galicia during the entire conflict. On 30 October 1940, Böhm-Ermolli was made a German ''Generalfeldmarschall''. Biography Early life Eduard Böhm was born in the Italian city of Ancona where his father served with a small representative detachment of the Austrian army. His father, Georg Böhm (1813–1893), had as a sergeant won a battlefield commission for bravery after the battle of Novara in 1849, been promoted to the rank of major upon his retirement in 1877. In June 1885, he received permission to attach his wife's (Maria Josepha Ermolli) maiden name to his family name. He was elevated to hereditary nobility in September 1885, and hence the family was known as "von Böhm-Ermolli". Böhm-Ermolli was trained at the cadet a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukovina
Bukovina or ; ; ; ; , ; see also other languages. is a historical region at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. It is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine. Inhabited by many cultures and peoples, settled by both Ukrainians ( Ruthenians) and Romanians (Moldavians), it became part of the Kievan Rus' and Pechenegs' territory early on during the 10th century and an integral part of the Principality of Moldavia in the 14th century where the capital of Moldavia, Suceava, was founded, eventually expanding its territory all the way to the Black Sea. Consequently, the culture of the Kievan Rus' spread in the region during the early Middle Ages. During the time of the Golden Horde, namely in the 14th century (or in the High Middle Ages), Bukovina became part of Moldavia under Hungarian suzerainty (i.e. under the medieval Kingdom of Hungary). According to the Moldo-Russian Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beskids
The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (, , , (), ()) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east. The highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla, at . Etymology The origin of the name has not been conclusively established. A Thracian or Illyrian origin has been suggested; however, as yet, no theory has majority support among linguists. The word appears in numerous mountain names throughout the Carpathians and the adjacent Balkan regions, like in Albanian . According to linguists Çabej and Orel, it is possibly derived from Proto-Albanian (meaning 'the mountain pastures'). The Slovak name refers to the Polish Bieszczady Mountains, which is not a synonym for the entire Beskids but one single range, belonging to the Eastern Beskids. According to another linguistic theory, it may be related to Middle Low German , , meaning ' watershed'. Historically, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Division (German Empire)
The 1st Division (''1. Division'') was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed in Königsberg in March 1816 as a Troop Brigade (''Truppen-Brigade''). It became the 1st Division on September 5, 1818. From the corps' formation in 1820, the division was subordinated in peacetime to I Army Corps (''I. Armeekorps''). The 1st Division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The 1st Division and its regiments fought in the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, including the Battle of Königgrätz. The division then fought in the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870–71. Its regiments saw action in the Battle of Noisseville, the Battle of Gravelotte, the Siege of Metz, the Battle of Amiens, the Battle of Hallue, and the Battle of St. Quentin, among other actions.Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle'' In World War I, the division initially served on the Eastern Front, seeing action at the battles of Stallupönen, Gumbinnen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Army (German Empire)
The South Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on 11 January 1915 to fight against Russia and served exclusively on the Eastern Front. It was dissolved on 25 January 1918. History The South Army was formed in Breslau, on 11 January 1915, by the transformation of II Corps for the Hungarian Carpathian Front. II Corps commander, General der Infanterie Alexander von Linsingen took over the new army command. On 8 July 1915, von Linsingen transferred as commander of the new Army of the Bug. In his place, General der Infanterie Felix Graf von Bothmer of II Bavarian Reserve Corps took command of the South Army. With the Russians withdrawing from the war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) and the run down of German forces on the Eastern Front, the army was dissolved on 25 January 1918. The headquarters of the army was located in Mukachevo (from 11 January 1915), Stryi (from 5 June 1915), Berezhany (from 4 September 1915), Khodoriv (from 15 Nov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Army (Austria-Hungary)
The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. Actions The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was formed in August 1914 and deployed on the Eastern Front. It suffered heavy casualties during the Brusilov Offensive. The 4th Army was disbanded in March 1918. The Fourth Army participated in numerous battles during the war including: * Battle of Komarów (August 1914) * Battle of Rawa (September 1914) * Battle of the Vistula River (October 1914) * Battle of Limanowa (December 1914) * Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive (May–June 1915) * Great Retreat (June–September 1915) * Brusilov Offensive (June–September 1916) * Operation Faustschlag (February–March 1918) Commanders * Moritz von Auffenberg : August 1914 - 30 September 14 * Archduke Joseph Ferdinand : 30 September 1914 - June 1916 * Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas : June 1916 - 5 March 1917 * Karl Graf von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach Karl Freiherr von Kirchbach auf Lauterbac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Army (Austria-Hungary)
The 3rd Army () was a field army-level command within the ground forces of Austria-Hungary during World War I. It was primarily active on the Eastern Front against the Russian Empire and in Serbian Campaign of World War I#1915, the Balkans against Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia and Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegro. Later on, the 3rd Army took part in some Battle of Asiago, fighting on the Italian Front (World War I), Italian Front before returning to the eastern theater by 1917 to repulse the Kerensky Offensive. Its remaining units were merged with the 7th Army (Austria-Hungary), 7th Army in January 1918. History 1914 The 3rd Army was formed in August 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...'s mobilization following its declaration of war on Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Army (Austria-Hungary)
The 1st Army () was a field army-level command in the ground forces of Austria-Hungary during World War I. The army fought in Galicia and Russian Poland in 1914–15 before being briefly dissolved in the summer of 1916. Shortly afterwards, it was reformed and sent to fight in the Romanian Campaign for the next two years. The 1st Army was demobilized in April 1918 due to its heavy losses, following Romania's surrender. History The 1st Army was formed in 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary's mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia, carrying out the prewar plans for the formation of six field armies. Just as all Austro-Hungarian field armies, it consisted of a headquarters and several corps, along with some unattached units.John Dixon-NuttalTHE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ARMY 1914-18. Chapter 4: The Army in the Field/ref> The 1st Army was put under the command of General of the Cavalry Viktor Dankl von Krasnik and was composed of the I, V, and X Corps, originating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th Army (Russian Empire)
The Russian 9th Army was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern theatre of war. Field management was established in August 1914. The unit fought on the Southwestern Front from August 1914 to December 1916 and then on the Romanian Front, until it was disbanded in 1918. Commanders * 9 August 1914 – 18 April 1917 — General of Infantry Platon Lechitsky * 18 April 1917 – 11 August 1917 — Lieutenant-General Gieorgij Stupin * 11 August 1917 – 9 September 1917 — Lieutenant-General Vladimir Cheremisov * 9 September 1917 – ? September 1917 — Lieutenant-General Julian Bielozor * ? September 1917 – ? November 1917 — Lieutenant-General Anatolij Kiełczewskij See also * List of Russian armies in World War I Russian army formations in World War I include: * 1st Army * 2nd Army * 3rd Army * 4th Army * 5th Army * 6th Army * 7th Army * 8th Army * 9th Army * 10th Army * 11th Army * 12th Army * 13th Army * Caucasu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th Army (Russian Empire)
The Russian Eight Army (8-я армия, ''8А'') was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern theatre of war. Field management was established in July 1914 at the headquarters of the Kiev Military District. The unit was disbanded in the beginning of 1918. At the beginning of the war the 8th Army was composed of the VII, VIII, XII, XXIV Army Corps. Military Fronts in which the 8th Army participated * Southwestern Front (July 1914 - August 1917) * Romanian Front The Romanian Front (, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' ... (August 1917 - the beginning of 1918) Commanders * 28.07.1914 – 17.03.1916 — General of Cavalry Aleksei Brusilov * 23.03.1916 – 29.04.1917 — General of Cavalry Alexey Kaledin * 29.04.1917 – 10.07.1917 — General of Infantry Lavr Kornilov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Army (Russian Empire)
The Russian Fourth Army was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern Front (World War I), Eastern Front. Composition At the beginning of the war, the army consisted of: *Field Office (HQ 4th Army) (formed on August 2, 1914 at the headquarters of the Kazan Military District) *Grenadier Corps *14th Army Corps (Russian Empire), 14th Army Corps *16th Army Corps (Russian Empire), 16th Army Corps *3rd Caucasus Army Corps, 3rd Caucasian Corps (transferred from Third Army) At the end of 1917: * 8th Army Corps (Russian Empire), 8th Army Corps Deployment *Southwestern Front (Russian Empire), Southwestern Front (August 1914 – June 1915) *Northwestern Front (Russian Empire), Northwestern Front (June–August 1915) *Western Front (Russian Empire), Western Front (August 1915 – October 1916) *Romanian Front (Russian Empire), Romanian Front (December 1916 – early 1918) Commanders *19.07.1914 – 22.08.1914 - General of Infantry Baron Anton von Saltza *22.08.1914 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
