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Capture Of Delhi (1760)
The Capture of Delhi, fought in 1760, pitted the forces of the Maratha Confederacy against those of the Durrani Empire led by Yakub Ali Khan. The Maratha army was commanded by Sadashiv Rao Bhau, a prominent military leader and the brother-in-law of the Maratha Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao. The Durrani army, on the other hand, was led by Yakub Ali Khan, a trusted general of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the Durrani Empire. Siege Bhau, accompanied by his allies, arrived in Agra on 14 July but was forced to abandon his plan of negotiating with Govind Ballal due to the high floods of the Jamuna river. Instead, he decided to move northward and avoid waiting for three months until the water receded. Bhau's advance guard, led by Malharrao, Jankoji, and Balwantrao Mehendele, attacked Delhi on 22 July. The city fell, but the fort remained under Afghan control. One hundred Maratha soldiers entered the fort undetected and began plundering the royal apartments. However, some were kille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography), right bank, Delhi shares borders with the state of Uttar Pradesh in the east and with the state of Haryana in the remaining directions. Delhi became a union territory on 1 November 1956 and the NCT in 1995. The NCT covers an area of . According to the 2011 census, Delhi's city proper population was over 11 million, while the NCT's population was about 16.8 million. The topography of the medieval fort Purana Qila on the banks of the river Yamuna matches the literary description of the citadel Indraprastha in the Sanskrit epic ''Mahabharata''; however, excavations in the area have revealed no signs of an ancient built environment. From the early 13th century until the mid-19th century, Delhi was the capital of two major empires, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha
The Marathi people (; Marathi: , ''Marāṭhī lōk'') or Marathis (Marathi: मराठी, ''Marāṭhī'') are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are native to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as a Marathi-speaking state of India on 1 May 1960, as part of a nationwide linguistic reorganisation of the Indian states. The term "Maratha" is generally used by historians to refer to all Marathi-speaking peoples, irrespective of their caste; However, it may refer to a Maharashtrian caste known as the Maratha which also includes farmer sub castes like the Kunbis. The Marathi community came into political prominence in the 17th century, when the Maratha Empire was established by Shivaji in 1674. Etymology According to R. G. Bhandarkar, the term Maratha is derived from Rattas, a tribe which held political supremacy in the Deccan from the remotest time. The Rattas called themselves ''Maha Rattas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Empire
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Maratha states under the nominal leadership of the former. The Marathas were a Marathi language, Marathi-speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence under leadership of Shivaji (17th century), who revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire for establishing "Hindavi Swarajya" (). The religious attitude of Aurangzeb, Emperor Aurangzeb estranged Kafir, non-Muslims, and the Deccan wars, Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury. The Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from other Marathi people, Marathi groups. Shivaji's monarchy, referred to as the Maratha Kingdom, expanded into a large realm in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th-century Battles
The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures. The Industrial Revolution began mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. The European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as part of the Age of Sail. During the century, slave trading expanded across the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, while declining in Russia and China. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamuna
The Yamuna (; ) is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of about on the southwestern slopes of Bandarpunch peaks of the Lower Himalaya in Uttarakhand, it travels and has a drainage system of , 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin. It merges with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj, which is a site of the Kumbh Mela, a Hindu festival held every 12 years. Like the Ganges, the Yamuna is highly venerated in Hinduism and worshipped as the goddess Yamuna. In Hinduism, she is believed to be the daughter of the sun god, Surya, and the sister of Yama, the god of death, and so she is also known as Yami. According to popular Hindu legends, bathing in Yamuna's sacred waters frees one from the torments of death. The river crosses several states such as Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Delhi. It also meets several tributaries along the way, including Ton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agra
Agra ( ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is the fourth-most populous city in Uttar Pradesh and List of cities in India by population, twenty-third most populous city in India. Agra's notable historical period began during Sikandar Khan Lodi's reign, but the golden age of the city began with the Mughals in the early 16th century. Agra was the foremost city of the Indian subcontinent and the capital of the Mughal Empire under Mughal emperors Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan. Under Mughal rule, Agra became a centre for learning, arts, commerce, and religion, and saw the construction of the Agra Fort, Sikandra, Agra, Sikandra and Agra's most prized monument, the Taj Mahal, constructed between 1632 and 1648 by Shah Jahan in remembrance of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. With the decline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (; ; – 4 June 1772), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan. Throughout his reign, Ahmad Shah fought over fifteen major military campaigns. Nine of them being centered in India, three in Khorasan province, Khorasan, and three in Afghan Turkestan. Having rarely lost a battle, historians widely recognize Ahmad Shah as a brilliant military leader and tactician, typically being compared to rulers such as Mahmud of Ghazni, Babur, and as well as Nader Shah. Historian Hari Ram Gupta refers to Ahmad Shah as the "greatest general of Asia of his time", as well as one of the greatest conquerors in Asian history. Name and title His birth name was Ahmad Khan, born into the Durrani, Abdali tribe. After his accession to power in 1747, he became known as Ahmad Shah. His tribe also changed the name from Abdali, instead becoming the Durrani. Afghans often ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balaji Baji Rao
Balaji Baji Rao (8 December 1720 – 23 June 1761), often referred to as Nana Saheb I, was the 8th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. He was appointed as Peshwa in 1740 upon the death of his father, Peshwa Bajirao I. During his tenure, the Chhatrapati (Maratha Emperor) was a mere figurehead. At the same time, the Maratha empire started transforming into a confederation, confederacy, in which individual chiefs—such as the House of Holkar, Holkars, the Scindias and the Bhonsles of Nagpur kingdom—became more powerful. During Balaji Rao's tenure, the Maratha territory reached its zenith. A large part of this expansion, however, was led by the individual chiefs of the Maratha Empire. Balaji Bajirao's administration worked with his cousin Sadashivrao Bhau, introducing new legislative and financial systems in the state. Under his leadership, the borders of the Maratha Empire expanded to Peshawar in present-day Pakistan, Srirangapatna in Karnataka, and Midnapore, Medinipur in West Beng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadashivrao Bhau
Sadashivrao Bhau Bhatt (4 August 1730 – 14 January 1761) was son of Chimaji Appa (younger brother of Bajirao I) and Rakhmabai (Pethe family) and the nephew of Baji Rao I. He was a finance minister during the reign of Maratha king Rajaram II. He led the Maratha army at the Third Battle of Panipat. He served as the Sarsenapati (commander-in-chief) of the Maratha army at the third battle of Panipat (14 January 1761). Early life Sadashivrao was born at Satara in a Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family. He was named after the Hindu deity Shiva. His father, Chimaji Appa, was the brother of Bajirao I. His mother, Rakhmabai, died when he was barely a month old, while his father died when he was ten. Sadashivrao was raised by his grandmother Radhabai and his aunt Kashibai. He was educated in Satara by Ramchandra baba Shenvi. Sadashivrao undertook his first campaign in Karnataka in 1746 with his political advisers Mahadoba Purandare and Sakharam Bapu as his political advisers. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suraj Mal
Maharaja Suraj Mal (13 February 1707 – 25 December 1763), simply known as Suraj Mal, was a ruler of Bharatpur State in the present-day state of Rajasthan. Under him, Bharatpur State, a tributary of the House of Scindia, covered the present-day districts of Agra, Alwar, Aligarh, Bharatpur, Dholpur, Etawa, Hathras, Mainpuri, Meerut, Ghaziabad, Mathura, and Rohtak, Sonipat, Jhajjar, Nuh, Palwal, Faridabad, Kasganj, Mainpuri, Firozabad, Bulandshahr. A contemporary historian had described him as "the Plato of the Sinsinwar tribe" and by a modern writer as similar to the " Ulysses", because of his "political sagacity, steady intellect and clear vision." The people, under Suraj Mal, overran the Mughal garrison at Agra. In addition to the troops stationed at his forts, he had an army of more than 75,000 infantry and more than 38,000 cavalry. Lohagarh Fort is one of the well-known forts located in Bharatpur city of Rajasthan which was built by Maharaja Suraj Mal in 1732 on an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Maratha Empire
Saffron is a shades of yellow, shade of yellow or shades of orange, orange, the colour of the tip of the saffron crocus thread, from which the spice saffron is derived. The hue of the spice saffron is primarily due to the carotenoid chemical crocin. Etymology The word ''saffron'' ultimately derives (via Arabic) from the Middle Iranian '':wikt:جعفری, ja'far-''. The name was used for the saffron, saffron spice in Middle English from c. 1200. As a colour name, it dates to the late 14th century. Deep saffron approximates the colour of India saffron (also known as ''bhagwa'' or ''kesari''). In Rajasthani language, Rajasthani, this colour is called ''kesariya''. The word derives its name from ''kesar'', the Hindustani name for saffron, an important crop in Kashmir. In kashmir it is popularly known as Kong posh. Religion The color Saffron () is considered as a sacred color in Hinduism. According to Hindu belief, Saffron (or Kesariya) is the color of Sunset (Sandhyavan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jankoji Rao Scindia
Jankoji Rao Shinde was the third Maharaja of Gwalior State. He became Maharaja of Gwalior after the death of his father, Jayappaji Rao Scindia, at the age of 10. Biography He was only son and youngest child of Jayappa Rao Scindia, and ascended to the throne of Gwalior on the death of his father on 25 July 1755. As he was only 10 years of age at that time, a regency was established, led by his uncle Dattaji Rao Shinde, Jayappaji's brother, which lasted until 10 January 1760 when Dattaji was killed and defeated in Battle of Barari Ghat. Third Battle of Panipat He fought against the Afghans at the Third battle of Panipat on 14 January 1761. Jankoji with around 7,000 troops was positioned to the right of Shamsher Bahadur and was opposed to Najib Khan Rohilla. When the news spread that Vishwas Rao has been shot dead, Jankoji and his uncle Tukoji on seeing the thinning crowd at the Maratha centre rushed to help Sadashiv Rao Bhau. Jankoji fought the Afghans who had penetrated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
