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Capital Punishment In Iceland
Capital punishment in Iceland was practiced until 1830, with 240 individuals executed between 1551 and 1830. The methods of execution included beheading, hanging, burning, and drowning. Danish laws were influential, particularly after Lutheranism's adoption in the 17th century. The last execution occurred in 1830, and the death penalty was abolished in 1928. Infanticide was a common crime, often committed by women, and many were sentenced to death, but their sentences were commuted. The last execution of an Icelander happened in Denmark in 1913. The death penalty was officially abolished in Iceland in 1928, and its reintroduction has been rendered unconstitutional since a 1995 constitutional revision. History The medieval Icelandic Commonwealth (930–1262), characterized by its lack of central executive powers, abstained from employing capital punishment. However, the Althing had the authority to designate a person as "réttdræpur" ("rightfully killable"), thereby legalizing th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death Penalty Laws In Europe
Death is the end of life; the Irreversible process, irreversible cessation of all biological process, biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to Decomposition, decompose shortly after death. Some organisms, such as ''Turritopsis dohrnii'', are Biological immortality, biologically immortal; however, they can still die from means other than Senescence, aging. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the equivalent for individual components of an organism, such as Cell (biology), cells or Tissue (biology), tissues, is necrosis. Something that is not considered an organism, such as a virus, can be physically destroyed but is not said ''to die'', as a virus is not considered alive in the first place. As of the early 21st century, 56 million people die per year. The most common reason is aging, followed by cardiovascular disease, which is a disease that af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burial Rites
''Burial Rites'' (2013) is a novel by Australian author Hannah Kent, based on a true story about the last woman to be executed in Iceland. Premise ''Burial Rites'' tells the story of Agnes Magnúsdóttir, a servant in northern Iceland who was condemned to death after the murder of two men, one of whom was her employer, and became the last woman put to death in Iceland in 1830. Background Kent was inspired to write ''Burial Rites'' during her time as an exchange student in Iceland when she was 17, where she learnt the story of Agnes Magnúsdóttir. She then made it the topic of her honours thesis and PhD at Flinders University, with additional mentoring by Geraldine Brooks. After this, Kent was awarded the Writing Australia Unpublished Manuscript Award in 2011. Publication ''Burial Rites'' was published in 2013 by Pan Macmillan in Australia, by Little, Brown in the US, and by Picador in the UK. Reviews ''Burial Rites'' was well-received by critics and other writer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penal System In Iceland
Penal is a town in south Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago. It lies south of San Fernando, Princes Town, and Debe, and north of Moruga, Morne Diablo and Siparia. Penal is noted as a heartland of Hindu and Indo-Trinidadian culture. History Up to the 19th century the area was called Peñeraal by the then Spanish government. After British colonization it remained uninhabited until the late 19th century to around the early 20th century when former Indian indentured laborers used the cash they received, in lieu of return passage to India, to buy and develop crown land, in what is today Penal, for agricultural use by draining the swampy land. They called it Pinjal in Trinidadian Hindustani and Pengyal in Tamil. The Penal Hindu Mandir was built in 1888 by Bairagi mahants of the Ramanandi Sampradaya from India. The Patiram Trace Shiva Lingam Mandir, a major Hindu pilgrimage site in Trinidad, was established at the turn of the century when a ''swayambhu'' (self-manifested) Shiva lingam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death In Iceland
Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Some organisms, such as ''Turritopsis dohrnii'', are biologically immortal; however, they can still die from means other than aging. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the equivalent for individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis. Something that is not considered an organism, such as a virus, can be physically destroyed but is not said ''to die'', as a virus is not considered alive in the first place. As of the early 21st century, 56 million people die per year. The most common reason is aging, followed by cardiovascular disease, which is a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels. As of 2022, an estimated total of almost 110 billion humans have died, or roughly 94% of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Abuses In Iceland
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are great apes characterized by their hairlessness, bipedalism, and high intelligence. Humans have large brains, enabling more advanced cognitive skills that facilitate successful adaptation to varied environments, development of sophisticated tools, and formation of complex social structures and civilizations. Humans are highly social, with individual humans tending to belong to a multi-layered network of distinct social groups — from families and peer groups to corporations and political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, languages, and traditions (collectively termed institutions), each of which bolsters human society. Humans are also highly curious: the desire to understand and influence phenomena has motivated humanity's development of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal History Of Iceland
Law of Iceland during the Commonwealth (930–1262) was decided by the ''Alþingi'' (Althing). It has changed over the years, but the legislative body is still called the Althing. History Following the settlement of Iceland around the 870s, Iceland lacked a unitary legal system. Already around the year 930, the chiefs of the different regions of Iceland united into a single polity. A people's assembly, the ''Alþingi'', was instituted, meeting annually to exercise both judicial and legislative activities. This included having one lawspeaker (''lǫgsǫgumaðr'') on a rotating basis. His role was to know the law by heart and inform on points of law in legal cases. The first lawspeaker is said to have been Úlfljótr, who gave Iceland its first set of laws. These are thought to have corresponded closely to the Gulating laws from Norway.Nordisk rätt , in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Punishment By Country
Capital punishment, also called the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as a punishment for a crime. It has historically been used in almost every part of the world. Since the mid-19th century many countries have abolished or discontinued the practice. In , the five countries that executed the most people were, in descending order, China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the United States. The 193 United Nations member states and two observer states fall into four categories based on their use of capital punishment. : During 2024, Zimbabwe too completely abolished the death penalty [], bringing the number of abolitionist countries counted by Amnesty International to 113, and the number of retentionist to 54. *53 (27%) maintain the death penalty in law and practice. *23 (12%) permit its use but have abolished it '' de facto:'' per Amnesty International standards, they have not used it for at least 10 years ''and'' are believed to have a policy or practice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Iceland
The Constitution of Iceland (Icelandic language, Icelandic: ''Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands'' "Constitution of the republic of Iceland") is the supreme law of Iceland. It is composed of 80 articles in seven sections, and within it the leadership arrangement of the country is determined and the human rights of its citizens are preserved. The current constitution was first instituted on 17 June 1944 when Iceland became a republic; since then, it has been amended seven times. History In the 19th century, the Icelandic independence movement from Denmark was gaining momentum, while nationalism and demands for increased civil rights intensified in mainland Europe. In June 1849, the king of Denmark was forced to meet the demands of the liberals and the nationalists, and agree to a constitution for Denmark and thus also with Iceland. This constitution repealed the absolute monarchy and established a constitutional monarchy in which power over most important issues was handed o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Denmark
The monarchy of Denmark is a constitutional political system, institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kingdom includes Denmark proper and the autonomous administrative division, autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The Kingdom of Denmark was already consolidated in the 8th century, whose rulers are consistently referred to in Franks, Frankish sources (and in some late Frisians, Frisian sources) as "kings" (). Under the rule of King Gudfred in 804 the Kingdom may have included all the major Lands of Denmark, provinces of medieval Denmark. The current unified Kingdom of Denmark was founded or re-united by the Vikings, Viking kings Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth in the 10th century. Originally an elective monarchy, it became hereditary monarchy, hereditary only in the 17th century during the reign of Frederick III of Denmark, Frederick III. A decisive transition to a constitutional monarchy occurred in 1849 with the writing of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legitimacy (family Law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce. Conversely, ''illegitimacy'', also known as ''bastardy'', has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications. The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life. A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage. Law England's Statute of Merton (1235) stated, regarding illegitimacy: "He is a bastard that is born before the marriage of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infanticide
Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or offspring. Infanticide was a widespread practice throughout human history that was mainly used to dispose of unwanted children, its main purpose being the prevention of resources being spent on weak or disabled offspring. Unwanted infants were usually abandoned to die of exposure, but in some societies they were deliberately killed. Infanticide is generally illegal, but in some places the practice is tolerated, or the prohibition is not strictly enforced. Most Stone Age human societies routinely practiced infanticide, and estimates of children killed by infanticide in the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras vary from 15 to 50 percent. Infanticide continued to be common in most societies after the historical era began, including ancient Greece, Roman Empire, ancient Rome, the Phoenicians, ancient China, ancient Japan, Pre-Islamic Arabia, early modern Europe, Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal Australia, Indigenous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hannah Kent
Hannah Kent (born 1985) is an Australian writer, known for two novels – ''Burial Rites'' (2013) and ''The Good People'' (2016). Her third novel, ''Devotion'', was published in 2021, and a first memoir, ''Always Home, Always Homesick'', in May 2025. Early life and education Hannah Kent was born in 1985 and grew up in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia. As a four-year-old she had no friends, but found solace in discovering and reading books. She attended Heathfield High School in Heathfield. In 2003, after finishing school and having applied for a course in creative writing course at Flinders University, she spent a year away in Iceland as a Rotary International exchange student. She earned a PhD in creative writing at Flinders University, her thesis being the basis of her first novel, ''Burial Rites''. Career ''Kill Your Darlings'' In 2010, Kent co-founded the Australian literary journal '' Kill Your Darlings'' with Rebecca Starford. Novels In 2011 Kent won the inaugu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
