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Canada Cooperatives Act
The ''Canada Cooperatives Act'' () is a law enacted by the Parliament of Canada, and addresses Canada's incorporation regime for co-operative businesses that are of a federal nature. Legislative history The act superseded the Co-operative Associations Act, 1970, and was introduced by John Manley as Bill C-5 in the 36th Parliament of Canada on 25 September 1997. The Bill was characterized as being a result of requests and model legislation by tertiary co-operative organizations - the Canadian Co-operative Association and Conseil canadien de la co-opération requesting modernization to permit greater capital investment, to harmonize with incoming provincial changes, to align with provisions in the Business Corporations Act, to permit mergers and to decrease bureaucracy. At the debate stage during second reading of the bill, the bill saw support except among the Bloc Quebecois, who wanted substantial amendments. It was reported back from the industry committee with amendment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Canada
The Parliament of Canada () is the Canadian federalism, federal legislature of Canada. The Monarchy of Canada, Crown, along with two chambers: the Senate of Canada, Senate and the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons, form the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature. The 343 members of the lower house, the House of Commons, are styled as Member of Parliament (Canada), ''Members of Parliament'' (MPs), and each elected to represent an Electoral district (Canada), electoral district (also known as a riding). The 105 members of the upper house, the Senate, are styled ''senators'' and appointed by the Governor General of Canada, governor general on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada, prime minister. Collectively, MPs and senators are known as ''parliamentarians''. Bills may originate in either the House of Commons or the Senate, however, bills involving raising or spending funds must originate in the House of Commons. By Constitutional convention (political custom), cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deputy Governor General Of Canada
A deputy of the governor general () is, per the ''Constitution Act, 1867'', one of any individuals appointed by the governor general of Canada, with the Canadian monarch's consent, to act in their stead, exercising any powers so delegated to them by the governor general—generally all save for dissolving Parliament, granting royal assent, signing orders in council, issuing royal proclamations, or receiving the credentials of newly appointed ambassadors to Canada. Currently, the secretary to the governor general, the deputy secretary to the governor general, and the justices of the supreme court are called upon to act as deputies of the governor general; when the latter are acting in this capacity, they are addressed as ''The Honourable the Deputy of Her Excellency the Governor General''. The deputy's commission will read as follows: Administrator of Canada The role of deputy of the governor general is separate from that of administrator of Canada. The ''Letters Patent, 1947'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Federal Legislation
Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''Canadian''. Canada is a multilingual and multicultural society home to people of groups of many different ethnic, religious, and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. Following the initial period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Indigenous, French, British, and more recent immigrant customs, languages, and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, and thus a Canadian identity and Canadian values. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example: * in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including Land-use planning, land-use regulation * in economy: regulatory economics * in finance: financial regulation * in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and, * in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis; * in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals. Forms Regulation in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worker Cooperative
A worker cooperative is a cooperative owned and Workers' self-management, self-managed by its workers. This control may mean a Company, firm where every worker-owner participates in decision-making in a democratic fashion, or it may refer to one in which management is elected by every worker-owner who each have one vote. Worker cooperatives may also be referred to as labor-managed firms. History Worker cooperatives rose to prominence during the Industrial Revolution as part of the labour movement. As employment moved to industrial areas and job sectors declined, workers began organizing and controlling businesses for themselves. Worker cooperatives were originally sparked by "critical reaction to industrial capitalism and the excesses of the industrial revolution," with the first worker owned and managed firm first appearing in England in 1760. Some worker cooperatives were designed to "cope with the evils of unbridled capitalism and the insecurities of wage labor". The philoso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insider Trading
Insider trading is the trading of a public company's stock or other securities (such as bonds or stock options) based on material, nonpublic information about the company. In various countries, some kinds of trading based on insider information are illegal. The rationale for this prohibition of insider trading differs between countries and regions. Some view it as unfair to other investors in the market who do not have access to the information, as the investor with inside information could potentially make larger profits than an investor without such information. However, insider trading is also prohibited to prevent the director of a company (the insider) from abusing a company's confidential information for the director's personal gain. The rules governing insider trading are complex and vary significantly from country to country as does the extent of enforcement. The definition of insider in one jurisdiction can be broad and may cover not only insiders themselves but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commerce
Commerce is the organized Complex system, system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale exchange (distribution through Financial transaction, transactional processes) of goods and services, goods, services, and other things of value at the right time, place, quantity, Quality (business), quality and price through various Distribution (marketing)#Channels and intermediaries, channels among the original Economic production, producers and the final consumers within local, regional, national or international economies. The diversity in the distribution of natural resources, differences of human needs and wants, and division of labour along with comparative advantage are the principal factors that give rise to commercial exchanges. Commerce consists of trade and aids to trade (i.e. auxiliary commercial services) taking place along the entire supply chain. Trade is the exchange of goods (includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Board Of Directors
A board of directors is a governing body that supervises the activities of a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government agency. The powers, duties, and responsibilities of a board of directors are determined by government regulations (including the jurisdiction's corporate law) and the organization's own constitution and by-laws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and may be subordinate to, the organization's full membership, which usually elect the members of the board. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are elected by the shareholders, and the board has ultimate responsibility for the management of the corporation. In nations with codetermination (such as Germany and Sweden), the workers of a corporation elect a set fraction of the board's members. The board of directors appoints the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bylaw
A by-law (bye-law, by(e)law, by(e) law), is a set of rules or law established by an organization or community so as to regulate itself, as allowed or provided for by some higher authority. The higher authority, generally a legislature or some other government body, establishes the degree of control that the by-laws may exercise. By-laws may be established by entities such as a business corporation, a neighbourhood association, or depending on the jurisdiction, a municipality. In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries, the local laws established by municipalities are referred to as ''by''(''e'')''-laws'' because their scope is regulated by the central governments of those nations. Accordingly, a bylaw enforcement officer is the Canadian equivalent of the American Code Enforcement Officer or Municipal Regulations Enforcement Officer. In the United States, the federal government and most state governments have no direct ability to regulate the single provisions of municipa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rochdale Principles
The Rochdale Principles are a set of ideals for the operation of cooperatives. They were first set out in 1844 by the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers in Rochdale, England, and have formed the basis for the principles on which co-operatives around the world continue to operate. The implications of the Rochdale Principles are a focus of study in co-operative economics. The original Rochdale Principles were officially adopted by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) in 1937 as the Rochdale Principles of Co-operation. Updated versions of the principles were adopted by the ICA in 1966 as the Co-operative Principles and in 1995 as part of the Statement on the Co-operative Identity. Current ICA version of co-operative principles The Rochdale Principles, according to the 1995 ICA revision, can be summarised as follows. Voluntary and open membership The first of the Rochdale Principles states that co-operative societies must have an open and voluntary membership. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Innovation, Science And Industry
The minister of industry () is the minister of the Crown in the Cabinet of Canada, Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. The minister of industry is also the minister responsible for Statistics Canada. By convention, the minister of industry also serves as the Registrar General of Canada, registrar general of Canada. The current minister of industry is Mélanie Joly. History First century of Canada The office of the registrar general of Canada has traditionally been associated with the responsibility of overseeing corporate affairs, by virtue of its function in registering all letters patent. From Canadian Confederation, Confederation to 1966, the Secretary of State for Canada, secretary of state for Canada was the registrar general. Between 1966 and 1995, the office was held by the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, minister of consumer and corporate affairs. The National Research Council of Canada was estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel Bastarache
J. E. Michel Bastarache (born 1947) is a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and retired puisne justice on the Supreme Court of Canada. Early life and education Born in Quebec City on June 10, 1947, Bastarache earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Université de Moncton in 1967. He received a ''Licence d'études supérieures en droit public'' from the University of Nice in 1972. He received a Bachelor of Law degree from the University of Ottawa in 1978. He was called to the New Brunswick Bar in 1980, the Alberta Bar in 1985, and the Ontario Bar in 1986. Career From 1970 to 1971, he was a legal translator for the Province of New Brunswick. In 1973, he was the general secretary for the Société des Acadiens et Acadiennes du Nouveau-Brunswick. In 1974, he was the assistant to the president of Assumption Mutual Life, becoming director of sales in 1975, and vice-president of marketing in 1976. In 1978, he joined the Université de Moncton as a law professor and was dean of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
