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Camoje
The Kom or Kam are a Nuristani tribe in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Most used alternative names are Kamozi, Kamoz/Camoze, Caumojee/Kaumoji, and Camoje.M. Elphinstone, George Robertson, Richard Strand). History Until the late 19th century, the Kom were a sub-group of the Siah-Posh Kafirs ("black-robed unbelievers") and their political (factional) headquarters was at Kombrom. They gave allegiance to the Mehtar (crown prince) of Chitral. At that time, following their conquest by Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, the Kom converted to Islam. Kafiristan ("Land of Unbelievers") was renamed Nuristan ("Land of Light") and its inhabitants became collectively known as Nuristanis (sometimes loosely translated as "enlightened ones"). See also * Nurestan * Nuristani people * Nuristani languages * Katir * Kamviri * Kambojas References * George Scott Robertson (1896), ''The Kafirs of Hindukush'' * Mountstuart Elphinstone Mountstuart Elphinstone (6 October 1779 – 20 November 1859) wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuristan
Nuristan, also spelled as Nurestan or Nooristan (Pashto: ; Katë: ), is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. It is divided into seven districts and is Afghanistan's least populous province, with a population of around 167,000. Parun serves as the provincial capital. Nuristan is bordered on the south by Laghman and Kunar provinces, on the north by Badakhshan province, on the west by Panjshir province, and on the east by Pakistan. The origin of the local Nuristani people has been disputed, ranging from being the indigenous inhabitants forced to flee to this region after refusing to surrender to invaders, to being linked to various ancient groups of people and the Turk Shahi kings. Some Nuristanis claim being descendants of the Greek occupying forces of Alexander the Great. It was formerly called Kafiristan () ("Land of the Infidels") until the inhabitants were forcibly converted from an animist religion with elements from I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The female, feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Groups In Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a multinational state, multiethnic and mostly tribe, tribal society. The population of the country consists of numerous ethnolinguistics, ethnolinguistic groups: mainly the Pashtun people, Pashtun, Tajik people, Tajik, Hazara people, Hazara, and Uzbek people, Uzbek, as well as the minorities of Aimaq people, Aimaq, Afghan Turkmens, Turkmen, Baloch of Afghanistan, Baloch, Pashayi people, Pashai, Nuristani people, Nuristani, Gurjar people, Gujjar, Brahui people, Brahui, Afghan Qizilbash, Qizilbash, Pamiri people, Pamiri, Kyrgyz people, Kyrgyz, Moghol people, Moghol, and others. Altogether they make up the Afghan people. The former Afghan National Anthem and the Constitution of Afghanistan, Afghan Constitution (before 2021 Taliban offensive, 2021) each mention fourteen of them. Fertility rate by Ethnic origins National identity The term "Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan" is synonymous with the ethnonym "Pashtun", but in modern times the term became the Afghans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountstuart Elphinstone
Mountstuart Elphinstone (6 October 1779 – 20 November 1859) was a Scottish statesman and historian, associated with the government of British India. He later became the Governor of Bombay (now Mumbai) where he is credited with the opening of several educational institutions accessible to the Indian population. Besides being a noted administrator, he wrote books on India and Afghanistan. His works are pertinent examples of the colonial historiographical trend. Early life Born in Dumbarton, Dumbartonshire (now Dunbartonshire) on 6 October 1779, educated at the Royal High School. He was the fourth son of the 11th Baron Elphinstone, by Anna, daughter of Lord Ruthven, in the peerage of Scotland. Having been appointed to the civil service of the British East India Company, of which one of his uncles was a director, he arrived at Calcutta (now Kolkata) early in 1796 where he filled several subordinate posts. In 1799, he escaped massacre in Benares (now Varanasi) by the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Scott Robertson
Sir George Scott Robertson, (22 October 1852 – 1 January 1916) was a British soldier, author, and administrator who was best known for his arduous journey to the remote and rugged region of Kafiristan in what is now northeastern Afghanistan and for his overall command of British Empire forces during the Siege of Chitral. He chronicled his Kafiristan experience in the book ''The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush''. Some have suggested that Robertson's year-long expedition and subsequent book (originally published in 1896) provided background and inspiration for Rudyard Kipling's short story ''" The Man Who Would Be King"''. However, Kipling's work was originally published in 1888, predating Robertson's travels to the region. Travels to Kafiristan Robertson was born in London and received his education at the Westminster Hospital Medical School (now Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London). In 1878 he entered the Indian Medical Service and served throughout the Second Anglo-Afghan Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kambojas
The Kambojas were a southeastern Iranian peoples, Iranian people who inhabited the northeastern most part of the territory populated by Iranian tribes, which bordered the Indian subcontinent, Indian lands. They only appear in Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan inscriptions and literature, being first attested during the later part of the Vedic period. They spoke a language similar to Younger Avestan, whose words are considered to have been incorporated in the Aramao-Iranian version of the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription erected by the Maurya Empire, Maurya emperor Ashoka (). They were adherents of Zoroastrianism, as demonstrated by their beliefs that insects, snakes, worms, frogs, and other small animals had to be killed, a practice mentioned in the Avestan Vendidad. Etymology ''Kamboja-'' (later form ''Kāmboja-'') was the name of their territory and identical to the Old Iranian name of ''*Kambauǰa-'', whose meaning is uncertain. A long-standing theory is the one propose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kata (people)
The Katir (also spelled Kati, Kator and Kata) are a Nuristani people, Nuristani tribe in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Etymology The Katir [ka 'tɘ] or Kata Kafir group was ''numerically'' the most dominant group of the Siah-Posh (Persian "Black Wearer/Clothed") tribes. They owned approximately forty villages in the Bashgul valley and numbered about 40,000 (1890). The upper part of the Bashgul Valley of Nuristan (Afghanistan) is known as Katirgul. It is called Lutdeh in Chitrali and ''Kantozi'' in Pashto language, Pashto. According to George Scott Robertson, the Katir ''Siah-Posh'' clan settled in Katirgul valley was called Kamtoz (or ''Camtoz'') in Pashto and Lutdehhchis in Chitrali (''The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush, p 71''). But American investigator ''Richard Strand's'' website suggests that the name ''Kamtoz/Kamtozi'' may apply to all Katirs of the former ''Siah-Posh'' group, including the Ramguli and Kulam Katirs''' Alternative names for Kamtoz are ''Camtozi'', ''Kantozi''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurestan
Nuristan, also spelled as Nurestan or Nooristan (Pashto: ; Katë: ), is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. It is divided into seven districts and is Afghanistan's least populous province, with a population of around 167,000. Parun serves as the provincial capital. Nuristan is bordered on the south by Laghman and Kunar provinces, on the north by Badakhshan province, on the west by Panjshir province, and on the east by Pakistan. The origin of the local Nuristani people has been disputed, ranging from being the indigenous inhabitants forced to flee to this region after refusing to surrender to invaders, to being linked to various ancient groups of people and the Turk Shahi kings. Some Nuristanis claim being descendants of the Greek occupying forces of Alexander the Great. It was formerly called Kafiristan () ("Land of the Infidels") until the inhabitants were forcibly converted from an animist religion with elements from Indo-Ira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan (Pashto: ) (between 1840 and 1844 – 1 October 1901) also known by his epithet, The Iron Amir, was Amir of Afghanistan from 1880 to his death in 1901. He is known for perpetrating the Hazara genocide, but also uniting the country after years of internal fighting and negotiation of the Durand Line Agreement with British India. Abdur Rahman Khan was the only son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan, founder of the Barakzai dynasty. Abdur Rahman Khan re-established the writ of the Afghan government after the disarray that followed the second Anglo-Afghan war. He became known as ''The Iron Amir'' because of his government's military despotism. This despotism rested upon a well-appointed army and was administered through officials subservient to an inflexible will and controlled by a widespread system of espionage. The nickname, ''The Iron Amir'', is also associated due to his victory over a number of rebellions by various tribes who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitral (princely State)
Chitral or Chitrāl () was a princely state in alliance with British Raj, British India until 1947, then a Princely states of Pakistan, princely state of Pakistan until 1972. The area of the state now forms the Upper Chitral District, Upper and Lower Chitral Districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. During the reign of Mehtar Aman ul-Mulk, the dynasty's sway extended from Asmar, Afghanistan, Asmar in the Kunar Valley of Afghanistan to Punial in the Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit Valley. The entire region that now forms the Chitral District was a fully independent monarchy until 1885, when the British negotiated a subsidiary alliance with its hereditary ruler, the Mehtar, under which Chitral became a princely state, still sovereignty, sovereign but subject to the suzerainty of the British Empire, British Indian Empire. In 1895 the British agent in Gilgit, Sir George Scott Robertson was besieged in Chitral Fort for 48 days, and was finally relieved by two Chitral Expedition, Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitral
Chitral () is a city situated on the Kunar River, Chitral River in northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Lower Chitral District, and was previously the capital of Chitral District, and before that the capital of Chitral (princely state), Chitral princely state. The region was encompassed into West Pakistan between the years 1969 and 1972. It has a population of 49,780 per the 2017 census. History Nothing definitive is recorded about the town's first settlers. In the 3rd century AD, Kanishka, the ruler of the Kushan Empire, occupied Chitral. In the 4th century AD, the Chinese overran the valley. Raees rule over Chitral began in 1320 and came to an end in the 15th century. From 1571 onwards Chitral was the capital of the princely state of Chitral under the rule of the Katur Dynasty. Ancient era file:Singoor.png, left, Gankoreneotek Grave in Singoor. The existence of the Gandhara grave culture, Gandharan Grave Culture in C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
