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Calamitaceae Foliage
Calamitaceae is an extinct family of equisetalean plants related to the modern horsetails, known from the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Some members of this family like '' Arthropitys'' attained tree-like stature, with heights over , with extensive underground rhizomes. They were largely found in wetland environments. Proposed genera and species of Calamitaceae * '' Annularia''. ** ''A. stellata''. * '' Arthropitys''. * '' Asterophyllites'' (or incorrectly ''Asterophyllum''). * '' Astromyelon''. * ''Calamites ''Calamites'' is a genus of Extinction, extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus ''Equisetum'') are closely related. Unlike their Herbaceous plant, herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-size ...''. ** ''C. carinatus''. ** ''C. suckowi''. ** ''C. undulatus''. * '' Calamocarpon''. * '' Calamostachys''. ** ''C. binneyana''. * '' Cingularia''. * '' Mazostachys''. * '' Paleostachya''. References External link ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annularia
''Annularia'' is a form taxon, applied to fossil foliage belonging to extinct plants of the genus ''Calamites'' in the order Equisetales. Description ''Annularia'' is a form taxon name given to leaves of ''Calamites''. In that species, the leaves formed radiating leaf whorls at each stem node, in a similar way to the branches of ''Equisetum'', an extant genus of horsetails. ''Annularia'' leaves are arranged in whorls of between 8 and 13 leaves. The leaf shape is quite variable, being oval in ''Annularia sphenophylloides'' and linear to lanceolate in ''Annularia radiata'', but they are always flat and of varying lengths. ''Calamites'' were arborescent and grew to a height of . Fossil records Fossils of this genus have been discovered in the Permian strata of Russia and in the Carboniferous (around ) strata of the United States, Canada, China and Europe. Calamitaceae - Annularia stellata.JPG, Specimen of ''Annularia stellata'' from Italy on display at the Museo Civico di Storia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calamites Sp
''Calamites'' is a genus of extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus ''Equisetum'') are closely related. Unlike their herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights of . They were components of the understories of coal swamps of the Carboniferous Period (around ). Taxonomy A number of organ taxa have been identified as part of a united organism, which has inherited the name ''Calamites'' in popular culture. ''Calamites'' correctly refers only to casts of the stem of Carboniferous/Permian sphenophytes, and as such is a form genus of little taxonomic value. There are two forms of casts, which can give mistaken impressions of the organisms. The most common is an internal cast of the hollow (or pith-filled) void in the centre of the trunk. This can cause some confusion: firstly, a fossil was probably surrounded with 4-5 times its width in (unpreserved) vascular tissue, so the organisms were much wider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern Families
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate ( Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. The fern crown group, consisting of the leptosporangiates and eusporangiates, is estimated to have originated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Plant Families
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing having spread to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. It is based on an old conception of history that without written records there could be no history. The most common conception today is that history is based on evidence, however the concept of prehistory hasn't been completely discarded. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous Plants
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern "system" names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. Carboniferous is the period during which both terrestrial animal and land plant life was well established. Stegocephalia (four-limbed vertebrates including true tetrapods), whose forerunners (tetrapodomor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calamites
''Calamites'' is a genus of Extinction, extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus ''Equisetum'') are closely related. Unlike their Herbaceous plant, herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights of . They were components of the understories of coal swamps of the Carboniferous, Carboniferous Period (around ). Taxonomy A number of organ taxon, organ taxa have been identified as part of a united organism, which has inherited the name ''Calamites'' in popular culture. ''Calamites'' correctly refers only to casts of the stem of Carboniferous/Permian sphenophytes, and as such is a form genus of little taxonomic value. There are two forms of casts, which can give mistaken impressions of the organisms. The most common is an internal cast of the hollow (or pith-filled) void in the centre of the trunk. This can cause some confusion: firstly, a fossil was probably surrounded with 4-5 times its width in (unprese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
