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Caesarius Of Alagno
Caesarius of Alagno (died 1263) was a Roman Catholic priest, bishop and royal counsellor. He served as an archdeacon in the cathedral of Sant'Andrea in his hometown of Amalfi before moving to Salerno, where he stayed with a sister before settling in Rome. In 1211 he was elected bishop of Famagusta in the Kingdom of Cyprus. In 1221, 1224 and 1225 he made trips to Rome as the procurator of Queen Alice of Cyprus. In 1225 Pope Honorius III promoted him to the archbishopric of Salerno, which had been vacant since 1221. Along with five other Sicilian bishops appointed by Honorius, he was at first unable to occupy his see on account of the opposition of the Emperor Frederick II.. Caesarius later became an avid Ghibelline (imperialist), a '' familiaris'' and counsellor of Frederick's illegitimate son King Manfred of Sicily. From Manfred he obtained the right to hold an eight-day market at Salerno during the feast of Saint Matthew, the city's patron. He augmented the archdiocese's po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies around the world, each overseen by one or more bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor of Saint Peter, upo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Frederick II
Frederick II (, , , ; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of Emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty (the second son of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa) and Queen Constance I of Sicily of the Hauteville dynasty. Frederick was one of the most powerful figures of the Middle Ages and ruled a vast area, beginning with Sicily and stretching through Italy all the way north to Germany. Viewing himself as a direct successor to the Roman emperors of antiquity, he was Emperor of the Romans from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death; he was also a claimant to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. As such, he was King of Germany, of Italy, and of Burgundy. At the age of three, he was crowned King of Sicily as co-ruler with his mother, Constance, Queen of Sicily, the daug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1263 Deaths
Year 1263 ( MCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Before July – Battle of Settepozzi: A Byzantine-Genoese fleet (some 50 galleys) is routed by the Venetians near Spetses in the Argolic Gulf, who capture four ships and inflict considerable casualties. Later, the Genoese that survive the battle managed to capture Chania on Crete. They receive orders to avoid direct confrontations with the Venetian fleet, but instead are engaged in raiding against the Venetian merchant convoys in the Euripus Strait. * Summer – Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, Constantine Palaiologos, to the Peloponnese in southern Greece. The army is transported to Monemvasia on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in Euboea and the Cyclades. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays sieg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olevano Sul Tusciano
Olevano sul Tusciano is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. Main sights *Roman villa of S. Maria a Corte *Castrum Olibani, a Lombard castle. During the rule of Frederick of Hohenstaufen in southern Italy, it was a seat of Hermann von Salza Hermann von Salza (or Herman of Salza; – 20 March 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239. A skilled diplomat with ties to the Frederick II and the Pope, Hermann oversaw the expansion of the ... * Pope gardens in Salitto * St. Vincenzo prison * Convent of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, a Dominican 16th century building *''Curtis'' di Santa Maria a Corte * Church of S. Maria a Corte (1600) * Church of San Leone Magno (1700) * Church of Santa Lucia (1700) * Coven of Santa Regina in Monticello village (1470) * Chapel of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Monticelli (1746) * Coven of San Giacomo in Ariano (1400) * Chapel of San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battipaglia
Battipaglia () is a municipality (''comune'') in the province of Salerno, in the Campania region of southern Italy. The town is renowned for its production of buffalo mozzarella and is one of the most productive agricultural centers in the Sele Plain. It also serves as the area’s main industrial and railway hub. Historically, Battipaglia was colonized by both the Magna Graecia, Greeks and the Ancient Rome, Romans, along with the nearby town of Eboli, of which it remained a part until March 28, 1929. During World War II, it suffered repeated Allied air raids as part of Operation Avalanche. In the postwar period, Battipaglia experienced rapid demographic, agricultural, and industrial growth. History Formerly part of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek colonies of the Magna Graecia, the municipal area was home to strategic Roman settlements during the Roman Republic, late Republican-Roman Empire, early Imperial times, as was typical of much of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Tyrrheni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manfred Of Sicily
Manfred (; 123226 February 1266) was the last King of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, reigning from 1258 until his death. The natural son of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Manfred became regent over the Kingdom of Sicily on behalf of his nephew Conradin in 1254. As regent he subdued rebellions in the kingdom, until in 1258 he usurped Conradin's rule. After an initial attempt to appease Pope Innocent IV, he took up the ongoing conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the papacy through combat and political alliances. He defeated the papal army at Foggia on 2 December 1254. Excommunicated by three successive popes, Manfred was the target of a Crusade (1255–66) called first by Pope Alexander IV and then by Urban IV. Nothing came of Alexander's call, but Urban enlisted the aid of Charles of Anjou in overthrowing Manfred. Manfred was killed during his defeat by Charles at the Battle of Benevento, and Charles assumed kingship of Sicily. Early life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Familiaris
In the Middle Ages, a ''familiaris'' (plural ''familiares''), more formally a ''familiaris regis'' ("familiar of the king") or ''familiaris curiae''In medieval documents, ''curiae'' may also be spelled ''curiæ'' or ''curie''. ("of the court"), was, in the words of the historian W. L. Warren, "an intimate, a familiar resident or visitor in the oyalhousehold, a member of the ''familia'', that wider family which embraces servants, confidents, and close associates." Warren adds that the term "defies adequate translation", but is distinct from courtier, "for the king employed his ''familiares'' on a variety of administrative tasks." The ''familiares'' of a king are collectively referred to as the ''familia regis'', which evolved into a private royal council—in England during the reign of Henry III (1216–72) and in France during that of Philip V (1316–22). In England, it was known as the ''concilium familiare'' or ''concilium privatum'' ( Privy Council) and in France as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghibelline
The Guelphs and Ghibellines ( , ; ) were factions supporting the Pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman Emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. History Origins The conflict between Guelphs and Ghibellines arose from the political divisions caused by the Investiture Controversy, about whether secular rulers or the pope had the authority to appoint bishops and abbots. Upon the death of Emperor Henry V, of the Salian dynasty, the dukes elected an opponent of his dynasty, Lothair III, as the new emperor. This displeased the house of Hohenstaufen, who were allied with and related to the old dynasty. Out of fear of the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishopric Of Salerno
The Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Campania, southern Italy, created in 1986. The historic Archdiocese of Salerno was in existence from the tenth century, having been elevated from a sixth-century diocese. The Diocese of Acerno was combined with the archdiocese in 1818."Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno" ''.'' David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016"Metropolitan Archdiocese of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalfi Cathedral
Amalfi Cathedral (; ) is a medieval Roman Catholic cathedral in the Piazza del Duomo, Amalfi, Italy. It is dedicated to the Apostle Saint Andrew whose relics are kept here. Formerly the archiepiscopal seat of the Diocese of Amalfi, it has been since 1986 that of the Diocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni. Begun in the 9th and 10th centuries, it has been added to and redecorated several times, overlaying Arab-Norman, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque elements, and finally a new 19th century Norman-Arab-Byzantine facade. The cathedral includes the adjoining 9th-century Basilica of the Crucifix. Leading from the basilica are steps into the Crypt of St. Andrew, where his relics can be found. History The first church, now the Diocesan Museum of Amalfi, was built in the 9th century on the ruins of a previous temple. A second church was built to the south in 10th century, and this is now the cathedral. By the 12th century the two churches formed a single 6 aisle Romanesque church, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III (c. 1150 – 18 March 1227), born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death. A canon at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, he came to hold a number of important administrative positions, including that of Camerlengo. In 1197, he became tutor to the young Frederick II. As pope, he worked to promote the Fifth Crusade, which had been planned under his predecessor, Innocent III. Honorius repeatedly exhorted King Andrew II of Hungary and Emperor Frederick II to fulfill their vows to participate. He also gave approval to the recently formed Dominican and Franciscan religious orders. Early work He was born in Rome as a son of Aimerico, a member of the Roman Savelli family. For a time canon at the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, he later became Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church on December 5, 1189 and Cardinal Deacon of Santa Lucia in Silice on 20 February 1193. Under Pope Clement III and P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice Of Champagne
Alice of Champagne (; 1193 – 1246) was the queen consort of Cyprus from 1210 to 1218, regent of Cyprus from 1218 to 1232, and regent of Kingdom of Jerusalem, Jerusalem from 1243 to 1246. She was the eldest daughter of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and Count Henry II of Champagne. In 1210, Alice married her stepbrother Hugh I of Cyprus, receiving the County of Jaffa as her dowry. After her husband's death in 1218, she assumed the regency for their infant son, King Henry I of Cyprus, Henry I, but her maternal uncle Philip of Ibelin (1180–1227), Philip of Ibelin became the actual head of state administration as bailli (governor). Alice began seeking contacts within her father's counties in France to bolster her claim to County of Champagne, Champagne and County of Brie, Brie against her cousin Theobald I of Navarre, Theobald IV, but the kings of France never acknowledged her claim. After a dispute with Philip of Ibelin, she left the island in 1223. She married Bohemond V of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
