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Conditioned Stimulus
Classical conditioning (also respondent conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning) is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent Stimulus (physiology), stimulus (e.g. food, a puff of air on the eye, a potential rival) is paired with a neutral stimulus (e.g. the sound of a Triangle (musical instrument), musical triangle). The term ''classical conditioning'' refers to the process of an automatic, conditioned response that is paired with a specific stimulus. It is essentially equivalent to a signal. The Russian physiology, physiologist Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning with detailed experiments with dogs, and published the experimental results in 1897. In the study of digestion, Pavlov observed that the experimental dogs salivated when fed red meat. Pavlovian conditioning is distinct from operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning), through which the strength of a voluntary behavior is modified, either by reinforcement or by Punishment (psychology), punishment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederate States Of America
The Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or Dixieland, was an List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies, unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States from 1861 to 1865. It comprised eleven U.S. states that declared Secession in the United States, secession: South Carolina in the American Civil War, South Carolina, Mississippi in the American Civil War, Mississippi, Florida in the American Civil War, Florida, Alabama in the American Civil War, Alabama, Georgia in the American Civil War, Georgia, Louisiana in the American Civil War, Louisiana, Texas in the American Civil War, Texas, Virginia in the American Civil War, Virginia, Arkansas in the American Civil War, Arkansas, Tennessee in the American Civil War, Tennessee, and North Carolina in the American Civil War, North Carolina. These states fought against the United States during the American Civil War. With Abraham Lincoln's 1860 Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cockayne Syndrome
Cockayne syndrome (CS), also called Neill-Dingwall syndrome, is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight ( photosensitivity), eye disorders and premature aging.Bender M, Potocki L, Metry D. What syndrome is this? Cockayne syndrome. Pediatric Dermatology erial online November 2003;20(6):538-540. Available from: MEDLINE with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 30, 2015. Failure to thrive and neurological disorders are criteria for diagnosis, while photosensitivity, hearing loss, eye abnormalities, and cavities are other very common features. Problems with any or all of the internal organs are possible. It is associated with a group of disorders called leukodystrophies, which are conditions characterized by degradation of neurological white matter. There are two primary types of Cockayne syndrome: Cockayne syndrome type A (CSA), arising from mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannon Street Station
Cannon Street station, also known as London Cannon Street, is a London station group, central London railway terminus and connected London Underground station in List of stations in London fare zone 1, Travelcard zone 1 located on Cannon Street in the City of London and managed by Network Rail. It is one of two London termini of the South Eastern Main Line, the other being , while the London Underground station is on the Circle line (London Underground), Circle and District line, District lines, between Mansion House tube station, Mansion House and Bank and Monument stations, Monument stations. The station runs services by Southeastern (train operating company), Southeastern, mostly catering for commuters in southeast London and Kent, with occasional services further into the latter. The station was built on a site of the medieval steelyard, the trading base in England of the Hanseatic League. It was built by the South Eastern Railway, UK, South Eastern Railway in order to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Credit Suisse
Credit Suisse Group AG (, ) was a global Investment banking, investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland. According to UBS, eventually Credit Suisse was to be fully integrated into UBS. While the integration was yet to be completed, both banks are operating separately. However, on May 31, 2024, it was announced that Credit Suisse ceased to exist. Headquartered in Zürich, as a standalone firm, it maintained offices in all major financial centres around the world and provided services in investment banking, private banking, asset management, and shared services. It was known for strict Bank secrecy, bank–client confidentiality and Banking in Switzerland, banking secrecy. The Financial Stability Board considered it to be a Systemically important financial institution, global systemically important bank. Credit Suisse was also a primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the Federal Reserve in the United States. Credit Suisse was founded in 185 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copenhagen Suborbitals
Copenhagen Suborbitals is a crowd-funded human space program. It has flown six home-built rockets and capsules since 2011. The organization successfully launched its Nexø II rocket in the summer of 2018. Its stated goal is to have one of its members reach space ( above 100 km) on a sub-orbital spaceflight. The organization was founded by Kristian von Bengtson and Peter Madsen. As of September 2024, the program has 63 volunteers who elect a chairman and board members at their annual general assemblies. The chairman is Jørgen Skyt. History Copenhagen Suborbitals was founded in 2008 by Kristian von Bengtson and Peter Madsen as a non-profit, crowd-funded project that discussed most of their operations on blogs and lectures. On 23 February 2014, the board of Copenhagen Suborbitals announced that Kristian von Bengtson had left the group, after falling out with Madsen. Madsen left in June 2014. Rockets and engines Spica In 2014, Copenhagen Suborbitals designed a basic first crew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Social Party (Austria)
The Christian Social Party (, CS or CSP) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and under the First Austrian Republic, from 1891 to 1934. The party was affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of the State of Germany founded in 1871, which it viewed as Protestant and Prussian-dominated; it identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians. History Foundation The party emerged in the run-up to the 1891 Imperial Council (''Reichsrat'') elections under the populist Vienna politician Karl Lueger (1844–1910). Referring to ideas developed by the Christian Social movement under Karl von Vogelsang (1818–1890) and the Christian Social Club of Workers, it was oriented towards the petit bourgeoisie and clerical-Catholic; there were many priests in the party, including the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culinary Specialist (United States Navy)
Culinary Specialist (abbreviated CS) is a United States Navy and United States Coast Guard occupational Naval rating, rating. The Navy rating was created on January 15, 2004 from the Mess Management Specialist (MS) rating. The U.S. Coast Guard replaced its previously named Food Service Specialist (FS) rating with ''Culinary Specialist'' on January 6, 2017 in order to "accurately reflect the culinary skills and professional expertise held by members of the rating". History Food service ratings in the U.S. Navy were historically divided into two broad groupings until the merger of Commissaryman (CS) and Steward (SD) ratings to Mess Management Specialist (MS) on January 1, 1975. Before 1975, stewards prepared and served meals to the officers, maintained their quarters and took care of their uniforms. They served officers in the flag mess for admirals, the cabin mess for the ship's captain and the wardroom mess for all other officers. Until the merger, the steward rating, and its p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Superintendent
Chief superintendent is a senior rank in police forces, especially in those organised on the United Kingdom, British model. Rank insignia of chief superintendent File:Sa-police-chief-superintendent.png, South Australia Police File:RCMP Chief Superintendent.png, Royal Canadian Mounted Police File:Distintivo Superintendente-Chefe PSP.png, Polícia de Segurança Pública, Portuguese Public Security Police File:Chief Superintendant Epaulette.svg, UK police chief superintendent epaulette File:Chief superintendent (Cyprus Police).png, Cyprus Police Chief superintendent by country Australia In Australia, a chief superintendent is senior to the rank of Superintendent (police), superintendent in all the Australian police forces excepting the Western Australia Police. It is junior to the rank of commander (Victoria Police, South Australia Police) and the rank of Assistant commissioner (police), assistant commissioner (New South Wales Police, Queensland Police). Officers wear the insig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CS Wind
CS Wind is a South korean wind turbine tower manufacturer. The company's name comes from a pseudonym used by the founder's son, "ChoongSan ()", and means "a heavy mountain that can endure every hardship." History Company founder Gim Seong-gon worked for a building supply company in Saudi Arabia. In 1984, he founded his own construction firm there, and the firm expanded and began manufacturing construction materials and parts. Later, the firm made chimneys for fossil fuel burning plants. CS Wind began in 1988, although the name came later. The firm transitioned from building chimneys to wind turbine towers in 2003. Locations CS Wind has manufacturing facilities in China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Turkey, Portugal, the United States, and Vietnam. The firm's US factory in Pueblo, Colorado was acquired from Vestas Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines that was founded in 1945. The company operates manufacturing plants in De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Company Secretary
A Company secretary is a senior position in the corporate governance of organizations, playing a crucial role in ensuring adherence to statutory and regulatory requirements. This position is integral to the efficient functioning of corporations, particularly in common law jurisdictions. The Company Secretary serves as a guardian of compliance, a facilitator of communication between the board of directors and other stakeholders, and a custodian of corporate records. Despite the name, the role is not clerical or secretarial. The company secretary ensures that an organisation complies with relevant legislation and regulation, and keeps board members informed of their legal responsibilities. In many countries, private companies are required by law to appoint one person as a company secretary, and this person will either be a senior board member or a member of the Senior management team or a key managerial personnel. Roles and responsibilities Company secretaries in all sectors ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caesarean Section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the Surgery, surgical procedure by which one or more babies are Childbirth, delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginal delivery would put the mother or child at risk (of paralysis or even death). Reasons for the operation include, but are not limited to, obstructed labor, twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, high blood pressure in the mother, breech birth, shoulder presentation, and problems with the placenta or umbilical cord. A caesarean delivery may be performed based upon the shape of the mother's pelvis or history of a previous C-section. A trial of Vaginal birth after previous C-section, vaginal birth after C-section may be possible. The World Health Organization recommends that caesarean section be performed only when medically necessary. A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. It may be done with a spinal block, where the woman is awake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
