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CR Rao
Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician. He was professor emeritus at Pennsylvania State University and research professor at the University at Buffalo. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Medal of Science in 2002. The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend" whose work has influenced not just statistics, but has had far reaching implications for fields as varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine." ''The Times of India'' listed Rao as one of the top 10 Indian scientists of all time. In 2023, Rao was awarded the International Prize in Statistics, an award often touted as the "statistics' equivalent of the Nobel Prize". Rao was also a Senior Policy and Statistics advisor for the Indian Heart Association non-profit focused on ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fellow Of The Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science". Overview Fellowship of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to :Fellows of the Royal Society, around 8,000 fellows, including eminent scientists Isaac Newton (1672), Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816), Michael Faraday (1824), Charles Darwin (1839), Ernest Rutherford (1903), Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918), Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920), Albert Einstein (1921), Paul Dirac (1930), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1945), Dorothy Hodgkin (1947), Alan Turing (1951), Lise Meitner (1955), Satyendra Nath Bose (1958), and Francis Crick (1959). More recently, fellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic. For his work in statistics, he has been described as "a genius who almost single-handedly created the foundations for modern statistical science" and "the single most important figure in 20th century statistics". In genetics, Fisher was the one to most comprehensively combine the ideas of Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin, as his work used mathematics to combine Mendelian genetics and natural selection; this contributed to the revival of Darwinism in the early 20th-century revision of the theory of evolution known as the Modern synthesis (20th century), modern synthesis. For his contributions to biology, Richard Dawkins declared Fisher to be the greatest of Darwin's successors. He is also considered one of the founding fathers of Neo-Darwinism. According to statistician Jeffrey T. Leek, Fisher is the most in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padma Bhushan
The Padma Bhushan (IAST: ''Padma Bhūṣaṇa'', lit. 'Lotus Decoration') is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order ... without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex". The award criteria includes "service in any field including service rendered by Government servants" including doctors and scientists, but exclude those working with the public sector undertakings. , the award has been bestowed on 1341 individuals, including 38 posthumous and 101 non-citizen recipients. The Padma Awards Committee is constituted every year by the Prime Minister of India and the recommendations for the award are submitted between 1 May and 15 September. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Score Test
In statistics, the score test assesses constraints on statistical parameters based on the gradient of the likelihood function—known as the ''score''—evaluated at the hypothesized parameter value under the null hypothesis. Intuitively, if the restricted estimator is near the maximum of the likelihood function, the score should not differ from zero by more than sampling error. While the finite sample distributions of score tests are generally unknown, they have an asymptotic χ2-distribution under the null hypothesis as first proved by C. R. Rao in 1948, a fact that can be used to determine statistical significance. Since function maximization subject to equality constraints is most conveniently done using a Lagrangean expression of the problem, the score test can be equivalently understood as a test of the magnitude of the Lagrange multipliers associated with the constraints where, again, if the constraints are non-binding at the maximum likelihood, the vector of Lagrange m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthogonal Array
In mathematics, an orthogonal array (more specifically, a fixed-level orthogonal array) is a "table" (array) whose entries come from a fixed finite set of symbols (for example, ), arranged in such a way that there is an integer ''t'' so that for every selection of ''t'' columns of the table, all ordered ''t''-tuples of the symbols, formed by taking the entries in each row restricted to these columns, appear the same number of times. The number ''t'' is called the ''strength'' of the orthogonal array. Here are two examples: The example at left is that of an orthogonal array with symbol set and strength 2. Notice that the four ordered pairs (2-tuples) formed by the rows restricted to the first and third columns, namely (1,1), (2,1), (1,2) and (2,2), are all the possible ordered pairs of the two element set and each appears exactly once. The second and third columns would give, (1,1), (2,1), (2,2) and (1,2); again, all possible ordered pairs each appearing once. The same st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rao–Blackwell Theorem
In statistics, the Rao–Blackwell theorem, sometimes referred to as the Rao–Blackwell–Kolmogorov theorem, is a result that characterizes the transformation of an arbitrarily crude estimator into an estimator that is optimal by the mean-squared-error criterion or any of a variety of similar criteria. The Rao–Blackwell theorem states that if ''g''(''X'') is any kind of estimator of a parameter θ, then the conditional expectation of ''g''(''X'') given ''T''(''X''), where ''T'' is a sufficient statistic, is typically a better estimator of θ, and is never worse. Sometimes one can very easily construct a very crude estimator ''g''(''X''), and then evaluate that conditional expected value to get an estimator that is in various senses optimal. The theorem is named after C.R. Rao and David Blackwell. The process of transforming an estimator using the Rao–Blackwell theorem can be referred to as Rao–Blackwellization. The transformed estimator is called the Rao–Blackwell es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramér–Rao Bound
In estimation theory and statistics, the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) relates to estimation of a deterministic (fixed, though unknown) parameter. The result is named in honor of Harald Cramér and Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, but has also been derived independently by Maurice Fréchet, Georges Darmois, and by Alexander Aitken and Harold Silverstone. It is also known as Fréchet-Cramér–Rao or Fréchet-Darmois-Cramér-Rao lower bound. It states that the precision of any unbiased estimator is at most the Fisher information; or (equivalently) the reciprocal of the Fisher information is a lower bound on its variance. An unbiased estimator that achieves this bound is said to be (fully) '' efficient''. Such a solution achieves the lowest possible mean squared error among all unbiased methods, and is, therefore, the minimum variance unbiased (MVU) estimator. However, in some cases, no unbiased technique exists which achieves the bound. This may occur either if for any unbiased ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multivariate Statistics
Multivariate statistics is a subdivision of statistics encompassing the simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable, i.e., '' multivariate random variables''. Multivariate statistics concerns understanding the different aims and background of each of the different forms of multivariate analysis, and how they relate to each other. The practical application of multivariate statistics to a particular problem may involve several types of univariate and multivariate analyses in order to understand the relationships between variables and their relevance to the problem being studied. In addition, multivariate statistics is concerned with multivariate probability distributions, in terms of both :*how these can be used to represent the distributions of observed data; :*how they can be used as part of statistical inference, particularly where several different quantities are of interest to the same analysis. Certain types of problems involving multivariate da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sreenivasa Rao Jammalamadaka
Sreenivasa Rao Jammalamadaka, also known as J.S. Rao, is a statistician specializing in directional statistics, Goodness of fit tests, Spacings, and aspects of large sample efficiencies and inference. He was born in Munipalle, Uppalaguptam Mandal, Munipalle, Andhra Pradesh, India, and currently is a naturalized US citizen. He now resides and works at the University of California, Santa Barbara as a Distinguished Professor in Statistics. He is known for his important contributions to circular statistics and to tests and estimation based on spacings. Life and career J.S. Rao was educated for a year at the YRS and VRN College in Chirala, followed by the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata (B. Stat.1964, M.Stat. 1965, and Ph.D. 1969), where he received education from notable professors including Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, P.C. Mahalanobis, C. R. Rao, J. B. S. Haldane, J.B.S. Haldane, and Debabrata Basu, D. Basu. He held academic positions at the Indiana University, Bloomingt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thiruvenkatachari Parthasarathy
Thiruvenkatachari Parthasarathy (29 February 1940 - 22 September 2023), known and published as T. Parthasarathy, was an Indian game theorist and mathematician. Life and career He co-authored a book on game theory with T. E. S. Raghavan, and two research monographs, one on optimization and one on univalence theory, published by Springer-Verlag. He was a former president of the Indian Mathematical Society. He received his B.Sc and M.Sc degrees from University of Madras. He worked on the topic of "Minimax Theorems and Product solutions for simple games" under the guidance of C. R. Rao and received his PhD in 1967 from the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. He delivered many lectures and seminars at University of Madras, Indian Statistical Institute, and Chennai Mathematical Institute. On the list of his scientific publication since 1965 there are more that 90 positions. He promoted PhDs students. Parthasarathy received Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award for Math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravindra Khattree
Ravindra Khattree (born 1959) is an Indian-American statistician and a distinguished professor of statistics at Oakland University and a co-director of the Center for Data Science and Big Data Analytics/ Institute for Data Science at the same university. His contribution to the Fountain–Khattree–Peddada Theorem in Pitman measure of closeness is one of the important results of his work. Khattree is the coauthor of two books and has coedited two volumes. He has served as an associate editor of the ''Communications in Statistics'' journal and the editor of the ''Interstat'' online journal. He was Chief editor of ''Journal of Statistics and Applications'' for more than ten years. He is an elected fellow of the American Statistical Association.Jeff Samoray"Professor elected ASA fellow" News Release, Oakland University, September 8, 2003 Khattree was born in Uttar Pradesh, India. He attended the Ewing Christian College-Allahabad University and the Indian Statistical Institute. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
