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CLIÉ
CLIÉ is a series of personal digital assistants (PDAs) running the operating system (OS) ''Palm OS'', developed and marketed by Sony from 2000 to 2005. The devices introduced many new features to the PDA market, such as a jog dial (or jog wheel) interface, high-resolution displays, and Sony technologies like Memory Stick slots and ATRAC3 audio playback. Most models were designed and manufactured in Japan. The CLIÉ handhelds were distinguished from other Palm OS models by their emphasis on multimedia abilities, including photo, video, and audio playback, long before any other Palm OS PDAs had such abilities. Later models have been credited with spurring competition in the previously stagnant Palm market, closing many of the gaps that existed between Palm OS PDAs and those using Microsoft Windows Mobile OS, more so for multimedia, but also with Sony's proprietary application launcher interface. Name CLIÉ stands for: creativity, lifestyle, innovation, emotion, and formerly c ...
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Sony CLIÉ TJ Series
The Sony Clie TJ series were mid-range personal digital assistants produced by Sony, running the Palm operating system (version 5). PEG-TJ35 & PEG-TJ25 The Sony CLIÉ PEG-TJ35 and PEG-TJ25 were released by Sony in 2003. These models are identical, except the TJ-35 also offers MP3 and ATRAC playback capabilities with a headphone jack. Powered by an ARM iMX-1 processor at 200 MHz, these devices ran the Palm OS 5 platform, featuring 32 MB of internal storage (23M available for user data), as well as a Memory Stick PRO slot for additional storage expansion. Synchronization via USB and Infrared is also possible. The case of these devices appears to be aluminium, but is actually a painted plastic enclosure, with an internal steel plate providing structural rigidity. At the time or release, these devices competed with the PalmOne Zire 71. While navigation on these devices could be performed using the touchscreen, as was common for many Clie models, these devices also featur ...
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Sony CLIÉ PEG-TG50
The Clié PEG-TG50 is a Personal Digital Assistant ( PDA) which was manufactured by Sony, released in March 2003. Running the Palm operating system (version 5.0), the TG50 was notable as it featured a built-in backlit mini qwerty keyboard, in lieu of a dedicated handwriting recognition area as was the trend on most other PDAs. This handheld featured a 320x320 colour LCD, bluetooth, and additional multimedia features, including MP3 and ATRAC3 audio playback, a voice-recorder, and a slot for MemoryStick PRO memory cards. The TG50 was powered by a 200 MHz Intel XScale PXA250 processor, with 16MB of RAM, 11MB of which was available for user data storage. The TG50 also featured the "Jog Dial" scroll wheel on the side of the device, as was common on Sony Clie models, and came with a flip cover to protect the front face of the device when not in use. Specifications *Palm OS: 5.0 *CPU: Intel XScale XScale is a microarchitecture for central processing units initially designed by In ...
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Sony CLIÉ NX Series
The Clie NX, were a series of handheld PDAs made by Sony, their first running the Palm OS 5.0 operating system. They had a clam-shell form factor, with a vertical rotatable screen. Most of these models also had a rotatable camera built in. Models ''The NX series succeeds the NR series.'' PEG-NX60 & PEG-NX70V The NX60 and NX70V were the first models in this series to be released, announced in October 2002. Notably, they were the 9th and 10th PDA models to be released by Sony that year. Being otherwise identical, the NX70 featured a VGA (0.3MP) digital camera built-in. These models featured both Memory Stick and CompactFlash card expansion ports, but the CF slot was advertised as a "Wireless Communication Slot" and was only compatible with specific Sony wireless LAN cards, the PEGA-WL100 and PEGA-WL110. Third-party drivers were eventually available for these models that enabled support for CF memory storage as well. Specifications Specifications from Mobile Tech Review. *Pa ...
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Sony CLIÉ NR Series
The Clie NR were a series of handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs) made by Sony, announced in March 2002. These devices were distinctive, due a folding "Flip-and-Rotate" clamshell design, with a vertical rotatable screen. Models PEG-NR70 The Clié PEG-NR70 was a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) made by Sony. The device ran Palm OS (version 4.1) and featured a color display, thumb-sized keyboard and MP3/Atrac3 playback with a built-in speaker; features which were uncommon among other PDAs of its time. Specifications *Palm OS: 4.1 *CPU: Motorola 66 MHz MC68SZ328 *Memory: 16 MB DRAM *Display: 320 x 480, 16bit Color *Sound: Internal audio amplifier and speaker, Headphone out. *External Connectors: USB *Expansion: Memory Stick *Wireless: Infrared *Battery: Rechargeable Li-Ion *Size & Weight: 7 oz *Colour: Silver PEG-NR70V Otherwise identical to the NR70, the NR70V added a 0.1MP (320x240 pixel) stills camera to the device. It sold at $599.99 , with a $25 e-mail reb ...
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Sony CLIÉ UX Series
The Sony Clie UX series were premium multimedia PDAs announced by Sony in July 2003, running Palm OS (version 5). These devices were advertised as being a "personal entertainment communicator", a purpose not dissimilar to the Apple iPod Touch released in 2007. Two models were released, featuring a " palm-top" clamshell design, with a landscape tilting and swiveling LCD screen. The UX40 and UX50 were largely identical, with the exception of their wireless connectivity. The UX50 included both bluetooth and built-in Wi-Fi support, while the UX40 was US$100 cheaper but only featured bluetooth. Users of these devices frequently experienced difficulty connecting to other devices via Bluetooth. The UX40 was, for a time, sold at Costco, while the UX50 was not. A UX70h model with integrated cellular capabilities was also developed, but never saw public release. Sony Handheld Engine Processor The processor used on the UX series was the Sony Handheld Engine CXD2230GA. At the time of rel ...
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Sony CLIÉ PEG-VZ90
The Clie PEG-VZ90 is a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) made by Sony. It ran the Palm OS (version 5) and was the last of the CLIÉ line. The PEG-VZ90 was released in 2004, only in Japan, and was made in the form of a Mini Tablet PC. It was the first handheld to have an OLED display. Specifications *Palm OS: 5.2.1 *CPU: Sony Handheld Engine CPU at 123 MHz *Memory: 64 MB RAM (40 MB available to user) and 128 MB internal Flash (95 MB available to user) *Display: 480 × 320, 16bit Color OLED Display *Sound: Internal audio amplifier and speaker, Headphone out. *External Connectors: USB *Expansion: Memory Stick Pro *Wireless: Infrared, Wi-Fi Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for Wireless LAN, local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by ... *Battery: Rechargeable Li-Ion *Size & Weight: 270 g *Color: Silver, Black References Ext ...
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Sony CLIÉ PEG-TH55
The Clié PEG-TH55 is a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) which was manufactured by Sony. The PEG-TH55 ran Palm OS (version 5) and featured a built-in camera, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth on non-US versions and an MP3/Atrac Player. Specifications *Palm OS: 5.2.1 *CPU: 123 MHz Sony Handheld Engine The Sony Handheld Engine (or Sony HHE) was an ARM-based Application Processor, or SoC announced by Sony in July 2003. This mobile processor was specifically developed for the Sony CLIE series of PDAs, and was cutting-edge for the time, with a h ... *Memory: 32MB *Display: 320 x 480, 16bit Colour, hardware assisted rotation and scaling *Sound: Internal audio amplifier and speaker, hardware assisted MP3 decoding *External Connectors: Sony T-series connector, headphone jack *Expansion: Memory Stick Pro *Wireless: Infrared, 802.11b, Bluetooth (on non-US versions) *Camera: 640x480 CMOS with shutter *Infrared: IRDA-compatible *Battery: Rechargeable Li-Ion *Size & Weight: 6.5 oz *Colour: Gray, Black ...
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Jog Dial
A jog dial, jog wheel, shuttle dial, or shuttle wheel is a type of knob, ring, wheel, or dial which allows the user to shuttle or jog through music, audio or video media. It is commonly found on models of CD players which are made for disc jockeys, and on professional video equipment such as video tape recorders. More recently, they are found on handheld Personal digital assistant, PDAs, and as the scroll wheel on Mouse (computing), computer mice. "Jog" refers to going at a very slow speed, whereas "shuttle" refers to a very fast speed. There are two basic types of wheels. One type has no stops and can be spun the entire way around, because it is a rotary incremental encoder. This type depends on tracking the actual motion of the dial: the faster it spins forward or back, the faster it fast-forwards or rewinds. Once the dial stops moving, the media continues playing or remains paused at that point. Another type has stops on either side, and often has three or so speeds w ...
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Memory Stick
The Memory Stick is a removable flash memory, flash memory card format, originally launched by Sony in late 1998. In addition to the original Memory Stick, this family includes the Memory Stick PRO, a revision that allows greater maximum storage capacity and faster file transfer speeds; Memory Stick Duo, a small-form-factor version of the Memory Stick (including the PRO Duo); the even smaller Memory Stick Micro (M2), and the Memory Stick PRO-HG, a high speed variant of the PRO to be used in high-definition video and still cameras. As a proprietary format, Sony exclusively used Memory Stick on its products in the 2000s such as Cyber-shot digital cameras, Handycam digital camcorders, Sony Ericsson mobile phones, WEGA and Bravia (brand), Bravia TV sets, VAIO PCs, digital audio players, and the PlayStation Portable game console, with the format being licensed to a few other companies early in its lifetime. With the increasing popularity of SD card, Secure Digital around 2010, Sony st ...
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Palm OS
Palm OS (also known as Garnet OS) is a discontinued mobile operating system initially developed by Palm, Inc., for personal digital assistants (PDAs) in 1996. Palm OS was designed for ease of use with a touchscreen-based graphical user interface. It was provided with a suite of basic applications for Personal information manager, personal information management. Later versions of the OS were extended to support smartphones. The software appeared on the company's line of Palm (PDA), Palm devices while several other licensees List of Palm OS devices, have manufactured devices powered by Palm OS. Following Palm's purchase of the Palm trademark, the operating system was renamed ''Garnet OS''. In 2007, Access Co., ACCESS introduced the successor to Garnet OS, called Access Linux Platform; additionally, in 2009, the main licensee of Palm OS, Palm, Inc., switched from Palm OS to webOS for their forthcoming devices. Creator and ownership Palm OS was originally developed under the directi ...
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Macintosh Operating Systems
Mac operating systems were developed by Apple Inc. in a succession of two major series. In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the classic Mac OS with its release of the System 1, original Macintosh System Software. The system, rebranded Mac OS in 1997, was pre-installed on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones shortly in the 1990s. It was noted for its ease of use, and also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors. The current Mac operating system is macOS, originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016. It was developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of NeXT. It brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced, such as problems with memory management. The current macOS is pre-installed with every Mac and receives a major update annually. It is the basis of Apple's curre ...
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Macintosh
Mac is a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 1984. The name is short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), a reference to the McIntosh (apple), McIntosh apple. The current product lineup includes the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops, and the iMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro desktops. Macs are currently sold with Apple's UNIX-based macOS operating system, which is Proprietary software, not licensed to other manufacturers and exclusively Pre-installed software, bundled with Mac computers. This operating system replaced Apple's original Macintosh operating system, which has variously been named System, Mac OS, and Classic Mac OS. Jef Raskin conceived the Macintosh project in 1979, which was usurped and redefined by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in 1981. The original Macintosh 128K, Macintosh was launched in January 1984, after Apple's 1984 (advertisement), "1984" advertisement during Super Bowl XVIII. A series of increment ...
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