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CIK FIA
The Commission Internationale de Karting (CIK; English: International Karting Commission), also known as the CIK-FIA, is the primary governing body for international kart racing. Founded in 1962, it is one of seven World Championship commissions of the FIA. Based in Geneva, the CIK-FIA holds responsibility for international kart racing rules and safety, as well as organising the Karting World Championship, amongst other competitions. History Organisation The CIK was founded by the FIA in 1962 as a sister commission to their '' Commission Sportive Internationale'' (CSI). In 1978, the FIA created a new governing body for automobile sport called the '' Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile'' (FISA) which consumed the CSI, however the CIK remained with the FIA and became known as CIK-FIA in short. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, FISA was abolished, returning automobile sport control to the FIA and their new World Motor Sport Council, which also held authori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kart Racing
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on kart circuit, scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports. Most modern Formula One drivers, including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen, have begun their racing careers in karting. Karts vary widely in speed, and some (known as superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding , while recreational go-karts intended for the general public may be limited to lower speeds. History American Art Ingels is generally accepted to be the father of karting. A veteran hot rodder and a race car builder at Kurtis Kraft, he built the first kart in Southern California in 1956. Early karting events were h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formula One World Drivers' Championship
Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of Open wheel car, open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform. The List of Formula One seasons, Formula One World Championship season consists of a series of races, known as , held usually on purpose-built List of Formula One circuits, circuits, and in a few cases on street circuit, closed city streets. The World Drivers' Championship is presented by the FIA to the most successful Formula One driver over the course of the season through a List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems, points system based on individual Grand Prix results. The World Championship is won when it is no longer mathematically possible for another competitor to overtake their points total regardless of the outcome of the remaining races, although it is not o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the List of countries and dependencies by area, eighth-largest country in the world. Argentina shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a Federation, federal state subdivided into twenty-three Provinces of Argentina, provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and List of cities in Argentina by population, largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a Federalism, federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Ocean; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini; and it encloses Lesotho. Covering an area of , the country has Demographics of South Africa, a population of over 64 million people. Pretoria is the administrative capital, while Cape Town, as the seat of Parliament of South Africa, Parliament, is the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein is regarded as the judicial capital. The largest, most populous city is Johannesburg, followed by Cape Town and Durban. Cradle of Humankind, Archaeological findings suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa about 2.5 million years ago, and modern humans inhabited the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Ugeux
Pierre Ugeux ( 1914 – 12 January 2009) was a paratrooper during World War II and worked closely with British Intelligence as a Major in the French section of the Special Operations Executive (SOE). He was assigned to work with the famous Comet line Belgian Resistance member Micheline Dumon (code named "Lily" and "Michou") during WWII. They met in London after she had been extracted from Europe in 1944 and ended up marrying the following year. After the war, Ugeux played a significant role in Belgium's gas and electricity industry as director of the Belgian Power Authority. A passionate motorsports enthusiast, Ugeux was President of the Commission Sportive Internationale (CSI) sports governing body from 1976–1978, which was renamed the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) after his tenure. His responsibilities at CSI included overseeing all the racing regulations of Formula One Formula One (F1) is the highest class of worldwide racing for open-whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Marie Balestre
Jean-Marie Balestre (; 9 April 1921 – 27 March 2008) was a French motorsport administrator and journalist. From 1978 to 1991, Balestre served as president of the '' Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile'' (FISA); from 1985 to 1993, he also served as president of the ''Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile'' (FIA). Born and raised in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Balestre initially studied law before becoming an automotive journalist. He was a member of the ''Schutzstaffel'' during World War II, reportedly in an undercover role for the French Resistance, receiving the Legion of Honour for services to France in 1968. After the war, he worked for Robert Hersant at '' L'Auto-Journal''. He became a founding member of the '' Fédération Française du Sport Automobile'' (FFSA) in 1950, and was elected as the inaugural president of the '' Commission Internationale de Karting'' (CIK) in 1962. After being elected president of the FFSA in 1973, and the FIA's '' International ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OK-Junior
OK-Junior is a kart racing class for top drivers aged 11 to 15 (drivers must reach the age of 12 within the first semester of calendar year). This class used to be called Junior Intercontinental A (JICA or ICA-J) and has changed since January 2007 when CIK- FIA decided to replace the 100 cc air-cooled two-stroke engines with 125 cc Touch-and-Go (TaG) water-cooled two-stroke engines (KF type).The engines produce . The chassis and engines must be approved by the CIK-FIA. Minimum weight is 145 kg, including kart and driver. Karts are equipped with an electric starter and clutch. The engine rpm is limited to 14,000 rpm. It is one of the highest kart classes with national championships (perhaps with different tyre rules). There is a European championship, a World Cup, as well as Oceania and Asia-Pacific championships. The Junior Monaco Kart Cup is taking place each year in this format. For 2013 the class was renamed KF-Junior. In 2016, the karts were completely re-desi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OK (Karting)
Original Kart (OK) is a kart racing class for drivers aged 14 and over, sanctioned by the CIK-FIA. OK is the primary direct-drive class in FIA championships. The class was originally called Intercontinental A (ICA), first introduced in 1981 at the European Championship as a secondary direct-drive class to Formula K. The class was first contested at the World Cup in 2006. In 2007—after 26 seasons of racing—ICA was replaced by KF2 and became the primary class in 2010, replacing KF1 at the World Championship. The KF2 class was renamed to KF upon the demise of KF1 in 2013, and was replaced by OK regulations in 2016. OK is contested as the primary direct-drive class at the Karting World Championship and the Karting European Championship. History Intercontinental A (1981–2006) In 1981, Intercontinental A (ICA) was introduced alongside Formula K as a secondary direct-drive class for the European Championship. Stefano Modena completed back-to-back ICA European Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jos Verstappen
Johannes Franciscus "Jos" Verstappen (; born 4 March 1972) is a Dutch racing and rally driver, who competes in the European Rally Championship as a privateer. Verstappen competed in Formula One between and . Born and raised in Dutch Limburg, Verstappen began competitive kart racing aged eight. After a successful karting career—culminating in two direct-drive Karting European Championships in 1989—Verstappen graduated to junior formulae. He started his career in Formula Opel Lotus, winning the Benelux Championship in 1992. Later that year, he also won the EFDA Nations Cup, representing the Netherlands. Progressing to German Formula Three in 1993, Verstappen won the title in his rookie season with Opel, further winning the Masters of Formula 3. Signing for Benetton as a test driver in , Verstappen made his Formula One debut at the , replacing the injured JJ Lehto to partner Michael Schumacher for the opening two rounds of the season. Verstappen formally replaced Lehto a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gearbox
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device invented by Louis Renault (who founded Renault) which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine. Transmissions can have a single fixed-gear ratio, multiple distinct gear ratios, or continuously variable ratios. Variable-ratio transmissions are used in all sorts of machinery, especially vehicles. Applications Early uses Early transmissions included the right-angle drives and other gearing in windmills, horse-powered devices, and steam-powered devices. Applications of these devices included pumps, mills and hoists. Bicycles Bicycles traditionally have used hub gear or Derailleur gear transmissions, but there are other more recent design innovations. Automobiles Since the torque and power output of an internal combustion engine (ICE) varies with its rpm, automobiles powered by ICEs require multiple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct-drive
A direct-drive mechanism is a mechanism design where the force or torque from a prime mover is transmitted directly to the effector device (such as the drive wheels of a vehicle) without involving any intermediate couplings such as a gear train or a belt.Asada, H., & Kanade, T. (1983) Design of direct-drive mechanical arms' in ''Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress, and Reliability in Design'', Volume 105, Issue 3, pp.312-316 History In the late 19th century and early 20th century, some of the earliest locomotives and cars used direct drive transmissions at higher speeds. Direct-drive mechanisms for industrial arms began to be possible in the 1980s, with the use of rare-earth magnetic materials. The first direct-drive arm was built in 1981 at Carnegie Mellon University. Today the most commonly used magnets are neodymium magnets. Design Direct-drive systems are characterized by smooth torque transmission, and nearly-zero backlash.Bruno Siciliano, Oussama Khatib (Eds., 2008 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
