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CA Intermediate Course
CA Intermediate is the second level exam, of a course in India, Chartered Accountancy. It has eight subjects and over 7000 pages of study material that a student is expected to cover in the nine months study period allotted to them. The group system is what makes this exam even more difficult, as a group consists of four subjects, and a candidate has to pass all four papers in order to clear the group. Failure to pass in one subject immediately results in the failure of the entire group, which would mean that the student fails in the subjects in which he has passed. It is to be noted that the average passing percentage up to the year 2020 has been 16.76% only, which means only 4 out of every 25 students appearing for the exam manage to pass it. That being said, the least passing percentage was just 8.88% in the attempt of November 2018 Chartered Accountancy Course in India. Eligibility Students after clearing the Common Proficiency Test (CPT) or CA Foundation Course become eli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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India
India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Common Proficiency Test
The CPT or Common Proficiency Test was the first level of Chartered Accountancy examinations in India which has been changed to CA Foundation according to ICAI's revised scheme. Eligibility A person can register for CPT after completing Grade 10 and take the exam after completing High School (Grade 12) and complete graduation for commerce Test model It is an objective type examination and consists of 200 multiple choice questions. CPT covers four basic subjects divided into two sections viz. 1.Accounting (60 Marks) + Mercantile Laws (40 Marks) 2.Economics (50 Marks) + Quantitative Aptitude (50 Marks) Every incorrect answer on the CPT exam carries a 0.25 negative mark. A candidate is required to secure a minimum of 30 per cent marks in each Section and a minimum of 50 per cent marks in aggregate, in all the four Sections to pass the Common Proficiency Test. Exam dates CPT exams are held in June and December Result Dates [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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CA Foundation Course
The CA Foundation Course is the entrance level for the chartered accountancy course offered by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Earlier, it was known as the Common Proficiency Test. CA Foundation contains 5 series of papers. The CA Foundation exam replaced the CA-CPT exam and now is conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) twice a year. After the CA Foundation exam, students need to complete the Intermediate and Final levels as well to become a chartered accountant Eligibility The candidate can register for CA Foundation after passing the secondary school examinations (Class-X) and appear in the foundation exam after qualifying for the 12th examinations. ICAI has allowed provisional registration for 10th class passed students. Test model CA Foundation is a partially subjective and a partially objective test comprising the following four papers: # Principles and Practice of Accounting # Business Laws and Business Corres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Accounting
Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and non financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and " financial reporting" are often used as synonyms. Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting and cost accounting. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Taxation
A tax is a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund government spending and various public expenditures (regional, local, or national), and tax compliance refers to policy actions and individual behaviour aimed at ensuring that taxpayers are paying the right amount of tax at the right time and securing the correct tax allowances and tax reliefs. The first known taxation took place in Ancient Egypt around 3000–2800 BC. A failure to pay in a timely manner (non-compliance), along with evasion of or resistance to taxation, is punishable by law. Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labor equivalent. Most countries have a tax system in place, in order to pay for public, common societal, or agreed national needs and for the functions of government. Some levy a flat percentage rate of taxation on personal annual income, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Enterprise Information System
An Enterprise Information System (EIS) is any kind of information system which improves the functions of enterprise business processes by integration. This means typically offering high quality of service, dealing with large volumes of data and capable of supporting some large and possibly complex organization or enterprise. An EIS must be able to be used by all parts and all levels of an enterprise. The word ''enterprise'' can have various connotations. Frequently the term is used only to refer to very large organizations such as multi-national companies or public-sector organizations. However, the term may be used to mean virtually anything, by virtue of it having become a corporate-speak buzzword. Purpose Enterprise information systems provide a technology platform that enables organizations to integrate and coordinate their business processes on a robust foundation. An EIS is currently used in conjunction with customer relationship management and supply chain management t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Strategic Management
In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's managers on behalf of stakeholders, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates.qn, date=June 2018 Strategic management provides overall direction to an enterprise and involves specifying the organization's objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve those objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the plans. Academics and practicing managers have developed numerous models and frameworks to assist in strategic decision-making in the context of complex environments and competitive dynamics. Strategic management is not static in nature; the models can include a feedback loop to monitor execution and to inform the next round of planning. Michael Porter identifies three principles underlying strategy: * creating a " un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Financial Management
Financial management is the business function concerned with profitability, expenses, cash and credit, so that the "organization may have the means to carry out its objective as satisfactorily as possible;" the latter often defined as maximizing the value of the firm for stockholders. Financial managersFinancial Managers (FM) are specialized professionals directly reporting to senior management, often the financial director (FD); the fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Education In India
Education in India is primarily managed by state-run public education system, which fall under the command of the government at three levels: central, state and local. Under various articles of the Indian Constitution and the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children aged 6 to 14. The approximate ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5. Education system Up until 1976, education policies and implementation were determined legally by each of India's constitutional states. The 42nd amendment to the constitution in 1976 made education a 'concurrent subject'. From this point on the central and state governments shared formal responsibility for funding and administration of education. In a country as large as India, now with 28 states and eight union territories, this means that the potential for variations between states in the policies, plans, programs and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Institute Of Chartered Accountants Of India
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) is India's largest professional accounting body under the administrative control of Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. It was established on 1 July 1949 as a statutory body under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 enacted by the Parliament for promotion, development and regulation of the profession of Chartered Accountancy in India. In India, accounting standards and auditing standards are recommended by the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) to the Government of India which sets the Standards on Auditing (SAs) to be followed in the audit of financial statements in India. The other reputed accounting research bodies in India are the Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICMAI) and University of Delhi, University of Calicut and University of Mumbai. Members of the Institute are known as ''ICAI Chartered Accountants'' or ''ICAI Accountants'' (either Fellow or Associate). However, the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |