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C0299 RNA
The C0299 RNA family consists of a group of ''Shigella flexneri'' and ''Escherichia coli'' RNA genes which are 78 bases in length and are found between the ''hlyE'' and ''umuD'' genes. The function of this RNA is unknown. See also *C0343 RNA The C0343 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 74 nucleotides in length that is found between the ''ydaN'' and ''dbpA'' genes in the genomes of ''Escherichia coli'' and ''Shigella flexneri'', ''Salmonella enterica'' and ''Salmonella typhimurium'' ... * C0465 RNA * C0719 RNA References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Structure
Protein secondary structure is the three dimensional form of ''local segments'' of proteins. The two most common secondary structural elements are alpha helices and beta sheets, though beta turns and omega loops occur as well. Secondary structure elements typically spontaneously form as an intermediate before the protein folds into its three dimensional tertiary structure. Secondary structure is formally defined by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide backbone. Secondary structure may alternatively be defined based on the regular pattern of backbone dihedral angles in a particular region of the Ramachandran plot regardless of whether it has the correct hydrogen bonds. The concept of secondary structure was first introduced by Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang at Stanford in 1952. Other types of biopolymers such as nucleic acids also possess characteristic secondary structures. Types The most common secondary st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequence Conservation
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are identical or similar Sequence (biology), sequences in nucleic acids (DNA sequence, DNA and RNA) or peptide sequence, proteins across species (homology (biology)#Orthology, orthologous sequences), or within a genome (homology (biology)#Paralogy, paralogous sequences), or between donor and receptor taxa (Sequence homology#Xenology, xenologous sequences). Conservation indicates that a sequence has been maintained by natural selection. A highly conserved sequence is one that has remained relatively unchanged far back up the phylogenetic tree, and hence far back in geological time. Examples of highly conserved sequences include the Ribosomal RNA, RNA components of ribosomes present in all domain (biology), domains of life, the homeobox sequences widespread amongst Eukaryotes, and the tmRNA in Bacteria. The study of sequence conservation overlaps with the fields of genomics, proteomics, evolutionary biology, phylogenetics, bioinformatics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Small RNA
Bacterial small RNAs (bsRNA) are small RNAs produced by bacteria; they are 50- to 500-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, highly structured and containing several stem-loops. Numerous sRNAs have been identified using both computational analysis and laboratory-based techniques such as Northern blotting, microarrays and RNA-Seq in a number of bacterial species including ''Escherichia coli'', the model pathogen ''Salmonella'', the nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium '' Sinorhizobium meliloti'', marine cyanobacteria, '' Francisella tularensis'' (the causative agent of tularaemia), ''Streptococcus pyogenes','' the pathogen ''Staphylococcus aureus'''','' and the plant pathogen '' Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae''. Bacterial sRNAs affect how genes are expressed within bacterial cells via interaction with mRNA or protein, and thus can affect a variety of bacterial functions like metabolism, virulence, environmental stress response, and structure. Origin In the 1960s, the abbreviatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shigella Flexneri
''Shigella flexneri'' is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus '' Shigella'' that can cause diarrhea in humans. Several different serogroups of ''Shigella'' are described; ''S. flexneri'' belongs to group ''B''. ''S. flexneri'' infections can usually be treated with antibiotics, although some strains have become resistant. Less severe cases are not usually treated because they become more resistant in the future. Shigella are closely related to ''Escherichia coli'', but can be differentiated from ''E.coli'' based on pathogenicity, physiology (failure to ferment lactose or decarboxylate lysine) and serology. Discovery The species was named after the American physician Simon Flexner; the genus Shigella is named after Japanese physician Kiyoshi Shiga, who researched the cause of dysentery. Shiga entered the Tokyo Imperial University School of Medicine in 1892, during which he attended a lecture by Dr. Shibasaburo Kitasato. Shiga was impressed by Dr. Kitasato's intelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escherichia Coli
''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus '' Escherichia'' that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. Most ''E. coli'' strains are harmless, but some serotypes ( EPEC, ETEC etc.) can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for food contamination incidents that prompt product recalls. Most strains do not cause disease in humans and are part of the normal microbiota of the gut; such strains are harmless or even beneficial to humans (although these strains tend to be less studied than the pathogenic ones). For example, some strains of ''E. coli'' benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2 or by preventing the colonization of the intestine by pathogenic bacteria. These mutually beneficial relationships between ''E. co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C0343 RNA
The C0343 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 74 nucleotides in length that is found between the ''ydaN'' and ''dbpA'' genes in the genomes of ''Escherichia coli'' and ''Shigella flexneri'', ''Salmonella enterica'' and ''Salmonella typhimurium''. This ncRNA was originally identified in ''E. coli'' using microarray, high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray). The function of this ncRNA is unknown. FnrS RNA was later found to be transcription (genetics), transcribed from the same intergenic region as C0343 RNA. See also *C0299 RNA *C0465 RNA *C0719 RNA References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C0465 RNA
The C0465 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 78 nucleotides in length that is found between the ''tar'' and ''cheW'' genes in the genomes of ''Escherichia coli'' and ''Shigella flexneri''. This ncRNA was originally identified in ''E. coli'' using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray). The function of this ncRNA is unknown. See also *C0299 RNA *C0343 RNA The C0343 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 74 nucleotides in length that is found between the ''ydaN'' and ''dbpA'' genes in the genomes of ''Escherichia coli'' and ''Shigella flexneri'', ''Salmonella enterica'' and ''Salmonella typhimurium'' ... * C0719 RNA References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C0719 RNA
The C0719 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 222 nucleotides in length that is found between the ''yghK'' and ''glcB'' genes in the genomes of ''Escherichia coli'' and ''Shigella flexneri''. This non-coding RNA was originally identified in ''E. coli'' using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray.) The function of this ncRNA is unknown. See also *C0299 RNA *C0343 RNA *C0465 RNA The C0465 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 78 nucleotides in length that is found between the ''tar'' and ''cheW'' genes in the genomes of ''Escherichia coli'' and ''Shigella flexneri''. This ncRNA was originally identified in ''E. coli'' usin ... References External links * Non-coding RNA {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
