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Archostemata Genera
The Archostemata are the smallest suborder of beetles, consisting of 50 living species in five families and over 200 described fossil species. They are an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. Antennae may be thread-shaped (filiform) or like a string of beads (moniliform). This suborder also contains the only beetles where both sexes are paedogenic, '' Micromalthus debilis''. Modern archostematan beetles are considered rare, but were more diverse during the Mesozoic. The term "Archostemata" is used more broadly by some authors to include both modern archostematans as well as stem-group beetles like "protocoleopterans", which some modern archostematans closely resemble to due to their plesiomorphic morphology. Genetic research suggests that modern archostematans are a monophyletic group. Some genetic studies have recovered archostematans as the sister group of Myxophaga. A 2009 paper argued that the poor diversity of modern Archostemata, compared with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenomerga Mucida
''Tenomerga'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae. This genus has about 17 extant species, which are native to the eastern Palearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. In a recent phylogenetic analysis, the species '' Tenomerga leucophaea'' was found to form a monophyletic group with '' Cupes capitatus'' and '' Rhipsideigma'', rendering ''Tenomerga'' polyphyletic. Because of this, some researchers have proposed transferring ''T. leucophaea'' to '' Cupes''. Species These 14 species belong to the genus ''Tenomerga'': * '' Tenomerga anguliscutis'' (Kolbe, 1886) * '' Tenomerga cinerea'' (Say, 1831) * ''Tenomerga favella'' Neboiss, 1984 * '' Tenomerga gaolingziensis'' Ge and Yang, 2004 * '' Tenomerga japonica'' (Tamanuki, 1928) * '' Tenomerga kapnodes'' Neboiss, 1984 * '' Tenomerga kurosawai'' Miyatake, 1986 * '' Tenomerga leucophaea'' (Newman, 1839) * '' Tenomerga moultonii'' (Gestro, 1910) * '' Tenomerga mucida'' (Chevrolat, 1844) * ''Tenomerga sibyllae'' (Klapperich, 195 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A '' polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ademosynidae
Ademosynidae is an extinct family of beetles, known from the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous. There are at least six genera and 11 species in Ademosynidae. Members of the family were small oval beetles, with a length generally smaller than 1 cm. Characteristics of the family include a pronotum without anterior angles and a rounded anterior margin, and elytra with 9–12 punctate striae. The systematic position of the family within the order Coleoptera is currently uncertain: they can be considered early examples of the suborder Polyphaga, or unusual examples of Archostemata. Genera The family Ademosynidae is restricted to the following six genera and 11 species in Yan, Beutel and Ponomarenko (2017): * † ''Ademosyne'' Handlirsch, 1906 ** †''Ademosyne bacca'' Ponomarenko, 1969 – Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic (Carnian) ** †''Ademosyne elliptica'' Ponomarenko, 1969 – Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic (Carnian) ** †''Ademosyne kirghizica'' Ponoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphaga
Polyphaga is the largest and most diverse suborder of beetles. It comprises 144 families in 16 superfamilies, and displays an enormous variety of specialization and adaptation, with over 350,000 described species, or approximately 90% of the beetle species discovered thus far. Key characteristics of Polyphaga are that the hind coxa (base of the leg) does not divide the first and second abdominal/ventral plates which are known as sternites. Also, the notopleural suture (found under the pronotal shield) is not present. Etymology The name of ''polyphaga'' is derived from two Greek words: , meaning 'many', and , meaning 'to eat', so the suborder is called the “eaters of many things”. Classification The five main infraorders are: * Bostrichiformia — including furniture beetles and skin beetles * Cucujiformia — includes lady beetles, longhorn beetles, weevils, checkered beetles and leaf beetles * Elateriformia — includes click beetle Elateridae or clic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adephaga
The Adephaga (from Greek ἀδηφάγος, ''adephagos'', "gluttonous") are a suborder of beetles, and with more than 40,000 recorded species in 10 families, the second-largest of the four beetle suborders. Members of this suborder are collectively known as adephagans. The largest family is Carabidae (ground beetles) which comprises most of the suborder with over 40,000 species. Adephaga also includes a variety of aquatic beetles, such as predaceous diving beetles and whirligig beetles. Anatomy Adephagans have simple antennae with no pectination or clubs. The galeae of the maxillae usually consist of two segments. Adult adephagans have visible notopleural sutures. The first visible abdominal sternum is completely separated by the hind coxae, which is one of the most easily recognizable traits of adephagans. Five segments are on each foot. Wings The transverse fold of the hind wing is near the wing tip. The median nervure ends at this fold, where it is joined by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permocupedidae
Permocupedidae is a family of Protocoleopteran stem group beetles. They first appeared during the Early Permian, and were one of the dominant groups of beetles during the Middle Permian. They became rare in the Late Permian, with only one species known from the Triassic, '' Frankencupes ultimus'' from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Röt Formation of Germany. They are thought to have been xylophagous (wood eating), which is presumed to be the ancestral ecology of beetles. Taxonomy Kirejtshuk (2020) included the following genera in an expanded (''sensu lato'') family, with the traditional (''sensu stricto'') Permocupedidae and related Taldycupedidae as subfamilies Permocupedinae and Taldycupedinae respectively. However, other studies have recovered Talycupedidae as more closely related to crown-group beetles than to Permocupedidae. *'' Afrocupes'' – South Africa: Western Cape (Kenmoore Farm), Whitehill Formation, Permian, Cisuralian, Sakmarian/Artinskian, −290.1–279.5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tshekardocoleidae
Tshekardocoleidae is an extinct family of stem group beetles, known from the Permian. They represent some of the earliest known beetles. They first appeared during the Cisuralian, before becoming extinct at the beginning of the Guadalupian. A claimed Jurassic record is doubtful. Like other primitive beetles, they are thought to have been xylophagous. The oldest known beetle, '' Coleopsis,'' was originally assigned to this family, but is now assigned to its own family Coleopsidae. The Tshekardocoleidae are thought to have retained several plesiomorphies (ancestral characters) of Coleoptera in a broad sense. For instance, their elytra are flattened, lack epipleura (outer margins), cover the body loosely, and their tips extend beyond the apex of the abdomen. Their abdomens have a nearly cylindrical shape and are thought to have been flexible, apparently being able to strongly contract and expand. In extant beetles, the elytra are tight-fitting, forming a subelytral space which is abs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZooKeys
''ZooKeys'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering zoological taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography. It was established in 2008 and the founding editor-in-chief was Terry Erwin (Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, Education center, education and Research institute, research centers, created by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government "for the increase a ...) until his death in 2020. In December 2023, Torsten Dikow was appointed the new editor-in-chief. It is published by Pensoft Publishers. ''ZooKeys'' provides all new taxa to the Encyclopedia of Life on the day of publication. Abstracting and indexing The articles published in the journal are indexed across a significant number of repositories. The content of the journal is archived in PubMed Central, CLOCKSS, Zenodo, Portico, Europe PMC, and Zendy, and indexed by a large number of industry leading indexer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
