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Amphiprion
Clownfishes or anemonefishes (genus ''Amphiprion'') are saltwater fishes found in the warm and tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. They inhabit mainly coral reefs and have a distinctive colouration typically consisting of white vertical bars on a red, orange, yellow, brown or black background. Clownfish developed a Mutualism (biology), mutually beneficial relationship with sea anemones, which they rely on for shelter and protection from predators. In turn, clownfish will protect the anemone from anemone-eating fish, as well as clean and fan them, and attract zooxanthellae, beneficial microorganisms with their waste. Clownfish are omnivorous and mostly feed on plankton. They live in groups consisting of a breeding female and male, along with some non-breeding individuals. Clownfish have a size-based dominance hierarchy with the female ranking at the top, followed by the male and then the largest non-breeder and so on. When the female disappears, the male sequential hermaphroditis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocellaris Clownfish
The ocellaris clownfish (''Amphiprion ocellaris''), also known as the false percula clownfish or common clownfish, is a marine fish belonging to the family (biology), family Pomacentridae, which includes clownfishes and damselfishes. ''Amphiprion ocellaris'' are found in different colors, depending on where they are located. For example, black ''Amphiprion ocellaris'' with white bands can be found near northern Hawaii, United States, USA, North America, Australia, Southeast Asia, and Japan. Orange or red-brown ''Amphiprion ocellaris ''also exist with three similar white bands on the body and head. ''Amphiprion ocellaris ''can be distinguished from other ''Amphiprion'' species based on the number of pectoral rays and dorsal spines. ''Amphiprion ocellaris ''are known to grow about 11 cm (4.3 inches) long. Like many other fish species, females are, however, larger than males. The life cycle of ''Amphiprion ocellaris ''varies in whether they reside at the surface or bottom of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maroon Clownfish
''Amphiprion biaculeatus'', commonly known as spine-cheeked anemonefish or the maroon clownfish, is a species of anemonefish found in the Indo-Pacific from western Indonesia to Taiwan and the Great Barrier Reef.Lieske, E., and R. Myers. 1999. ''Coral Reef Fishes.'' They can grow up to be about . Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiosis, symbiotic Mutualism (biology), mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a Sequential hermaphroditism, sequential hermaphrodite with a strict size-based dominance hierarchy; the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male nonbreeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male changes to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest nonbreeder becoming the breeding male. The fish's natural diet includes Algae eater, algae and zooplankton. Taxonomy ''A. biaculeatus'' was once the Monotypi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Saddleback Anemonefish
The red saddleback anemonefish, ''Amphiprion ephippium'', also known as the saddle anemonefish, is a marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes. Characteristics of Anemonefish Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes that, in the wild, form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones and are unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone, see . The sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators, as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemone's meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles. In return, the clownfish defends the anemone from its predators, and parasites. Clownfish are small-sized, , and depending on species, they are overall yellow, orange, or reddish or blackish color, and many show white bars or patches. Within species there may be color variations, most commonly according to distribution, but also based on sex, age and host anemone. Clownfish are found in warmer waters of the Indian and Pacif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae is a family of ray-finned fish, comprising the damselfishes and clownfishes. This family were formerly placed in the order Perciformes or as indeterminate percomorphs, but are now considered basal blenniiforms. They are primarily marine, while a few species inhabit freshwater and brackish environments (e.g., '' Neopomacentrus aquadulcis'', '' N. taeniurus'', '' Pomacentrus taeniometopon'', '' Stegastes otophorus''). They are noted for their hardy constitutions and territoriality. Many are brightly colored, so they are popular in aquaria. Taxonomy Around 385 species are classified in this family, in about 31 genera. Of these, members of two genera, ''Amphiprion'' and ''Premnas'', are commonly called clownfish or anemonefish, while members of other genera (e.g., '' Pomacentrus'') are commonly called damselfish. The members of this family were traditionally classified in four subfamilies: Amphiprioninae, Chrominae, Lepidozyginae, and Pomacentrinae., al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequential Hermaphroditism
Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being simultaneous hermaphroditism. It occurs when the organism's sex changes at some point in its life. A sequential hermaphrodite produces eggs (female gametes) and sperm (male gametes) at different stages in life. Sequential hermaphroditism occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants. Species that can undergo these changes do so as a normal event within their reproductive cycle, usually cued by either social structure or the achievement of a certain age or size. In animals, the different types of change are male to female (protandry or protandrous hermaphroditism), female to male (protogyny or protogynous hermaphroditism), and bidirectional (serial or bidirectional hermaphroditism). Both protogynous and protandrous hermaphroditism allow the organism to switch between functional male and functional female. Bidirectional hermaphrodites have the capacity for sex chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Anemone
Sea anemones ( ) are a group of predation, predatory marine invertebrates constituting the order (biology), order Actiniaria. Because of their colourful appearance, they are named after the ''Anemone'', a terrestrial flowering plant. Sea anemones are classified in the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia. As cnidarians, sea anemones are related to corals, jellyfish, tube-dwelling anemones, and ''hydra (genus), Hydra''. Unlike jellyfish, sea anemones do not have a Jellyfish#Life history and behavior, medusa stage in their life cycle. A typical sea anemone is a single polyp (zoology), polyp attached to a hard surface by its base, but some species live in soft sediment, and a few float near the surface of the water. The polyp has a columnar trunk topped by an oral disc with a ring of tentacles and a central mouth. The tentacles can be retracted inside the body cavity or expanded to catch passing prey. They are armed with cnidocytes (stinging cells). In many specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finding Nemo
''Finding Nemo'' is a 2003 American animated comedy-drama adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. The film was directed by Andrew Stanton, co-directed by Lee Unkrich, and produced by Graham Walters, from a screenplay written by Stanton, Bob Peterson (filmmaker), Bob Peterson, and David Reynolds (screenwriter), David Reynolds, based on a story by Stanton. The film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould, Willem Dafoe, and Geoffrey Rush. It tells the story of an overprotective clownfish named Marlin (Brooks) who, along with a forgetful regal blue tang named Dory (DeGeneres), searches for his missing son Nemo (Gould). Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and comes to terms with Nemo taking care of himself. Pre-production of the film began in 1997. The inspiration for ''Finding Nemo'' sprang from multiple experiences, going back to Stanton's childhood, when he loved going to the dentist to see the fish tank, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological Type (biology), type wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or specimens). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider
Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider (18 January 1750 – 12 January 1822) was a German Empire, German classicist and natural history, naturalist. Biography Schneider was born at Collm in Saxony. In 1774, on the recommendation of Christian Gottlob Heine, he became secretary to the famous Strasbourg scholar Richard François Brunck, and in 1811, became professor of ancient languages and eloquence at Breslau (chief librarian, 1816) where he died in 1822. Works Of his numerous works the most important was his ''Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch'' (1797–1798), the first independent work of the kind since Henri Estienne, Stephanus's ''Thesaurus'', and the basis of Franz Passow, F. Passow's and all succeeding Greek lexicons (including, therefore, the contemporary standard ''A Greek-English Lexicon''). A special improvement was the introduction of words and expressions connected with natural history and science. In 1801, he corrected and expanded re-published Marcus Elieser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocean Acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean. Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the primary cause of ocean acidification, with Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric carbon dioxide () levels exceeding 422 ppm (). from the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans. This chemical reaction produces carbonic acid () which dissociates into a bicarbonate ion () and a hydrogen ion (). The presence of free hydrogen ions () lowers the pH of the ocean, increasing acidity (this does not mean that seawater is acidic yet; it is still alkaline, with a pH higher than 8). Marine biogenic calcification, Marine calcifying organisms, such as Mollusca, mollusks and corals, are especially vulnerable because they rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons. A change in pH by 0.1 represents a 26% increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
